In silico analyses and experimental validation of the MHC class-I restricted epitopes of Ebolavirus GP.

Ebolavirus (EBOV) causes an extremely high mortality and prevalence disease called Ebola virus disease (EVD). There is only one glycoprotein (GP) on the virus particle surface, which mediates entry into the host cell. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-I restricted cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8+) T cell responses are important antiviral immune responses.

The Effect of Body Adiposity and Alcohol Consumption on Serum Uric Acid: A Quantile Regression Analysis Based on the China National Health Survey.

Adiposity and alcohol consumption are reported to be associated with a higher level of serum uric acid (SUA), but whether their effect differs on SUA percentile distribution is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate how alcohol intake and body fat percentage (%BF) integrated with body mass index (BMI) influence the distribution of SUA in Chinese adults. Data from the China National Health Survey (CNHS) which included adults from 10 provinces of China were used ( = 31,746, aged 20-80 years, 40% male).

Association of Obesity and Hypertension: A Cohort Study in China.

The prevalence of general and central obesity has increased rapidly in China for decades, while little is known on obesity-normal weight-central obesity (NWCO) in China. In this study, we aim to depict the trend of the three kinds of obesity and to explore their associations with hypertension in a cohort study in China. We used data from eight waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) in 1993, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006, 2009, 2011, and 2015 for analysis.

Immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated enterovirus 71 vaccine co-administered with measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and live-attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine: a phase 4, single-center, randomized controlled trial.

Co-administration of vaccines could be an efficient strategy to increase vaccination uptake and reduce the number of clinic visits. This randomized controlled study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of enterovirus 71 (EV71) vaccine co-administered with measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine and live-attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine (LA-JEV). A total of 372 healthy infants were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive simultaneous administration of EV71 vaccine (dose 1) and MMR on d 0 and EV71 vaccine (dose 2) and LA-JEV on d 30 (Group 1); administration of MMR and LA-JEV on d 0 and 30, respectively (Group 2); or administration of doses 1 and 2 of EV71 vaccine on d 0 and 30, respectively (Group 3).

The Effect of Body Weight and Alcohol Consumption on Hyperuricemia and Their Population Attributable Fractions: A National Health Survey in China.

Introduction: The prevalence of hyperuricemia (HUA) is increasing worldwide; understanding of population attributable fraction of modifiable risk factors (MRFs) is important for disease prevention. Given the sparse evidence on how MRFs influence HUA in mainland China, we aimed to explore the effect of excess body weight and alcohol consumption and their population attributable fractions of HUA based on a national survey in mainland China.

Methods: Using data from the China National Health Survey which included 31,746 Han Chinese of 20-80 years of age from 10 provinces, we estimated the prevalence and MRFs (overweight/obesity and alcohol consumption) of HUA.

Smart exosomes with lymph node homing and immune-amplifying capacities for enhanced immunotherapy of metastatic breast cancer.

Tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) are the primary sites to initiate immune responses against cancer, as well as the origin of metastasis for most breast cancer cases. Reverting the immunosuppression microenvironment in TDLNs is critical to improving the outcome of the malignancy, though still a big technical challenge. In this study, a type of smart exosomes was developed in which the exosome surface was functionally engineered with CD62L (L-selectin, a gene for lymphocyte homing to lymph nodes) and OX40L (CD134L, a gene for effector T cell expansion and regulatory T cell [Treg] inhibition) by forced expression of the genes in the donor cells.

Global, regional, and national prevalence of diabetes mellitus in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Both pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are major global public health problems. We estimated the global, regional, and national prevalence of diabetes mellitus in a population with PTB.

Methods: We searched for observational studies of DM in people with PTB using the PubMed and Embase electronic bibliographic databases, focusing on articles published in the English language from database inception until March 31, 2021.

Impact of the 2020 China Diabetes Society Guideline on the Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and Eligibility for Antidiabetic Treatment in China.

Purpose: This study aimed to estimate the impact of the 2020 China Diabetes Society's (CDS) guideline on the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and eligibility for antidiabetic treatment in China.

Material And Methods: Baseline data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, 2011-2012) were used to estimate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and compare the recommendations for antidiabetic medication and intensification of therapy between the 2017 and 2020 CDS guidelines.

Results: According to the 2017 CDS guideline, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 12.

A comparison of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) for mild cognitive impairment screening in Chinese middle-aged and older population: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) are the most commonly used scales to detect mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in population-based epidemiologic studies. However, their comparison on which is best suited to assess cognition is scarce in samples from multiple regions of China.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 4923 adults aged ≥55 years from the Community-based Cohort Study on Nervous System Diseases.

Epidemiological Data of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders - China, 2018-2020.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: In recent decades, work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) have become increasingly prominent and have become an important issue that is of universal concern and an urgent need to be solved in all countries of the world.

What Is Added By This Report?: The top three industries or occupational groups with the highest standardized prevalence rate of WMSDs were flight attendants, medical staff, and vegetable greenhouses in that order. Women workers were 1.

Temporal Trends in the Incidence and Mortality of Skin Malignant Melanoma in China from 1990 to 2019.

Purpose: Skin malignant melanoma (SMM) is one of the fastest-growing cancers in China, with a poor prognosis, high invasiveness, and high mortality rate. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term trends in the incidence and mortality of SMM in China between 1990 and 2019. .

Implementing sequencing-based surveillance in developing countries: findings from a pilot rollout for hepatitis A in China.

Background: The emergence of SARS-Cov2 variants has highlighted the need to implement sequencing-based surveillance in developing countries for early response to mutant viruses of concern. However, limited information on how to implement sequencing-based surveillance is available, and the feasibility and performance of this new type of surveillance are still in question.

Methods: To understand the challenges with the implementation and to promote sequencing-based surveillance, we reported findings from a pilot for hepatitis A (HepA) in five sentinel provinces in China as an example of sequencing-based surveillance implementation.

Prevalence of Osteoporosis and Fracture in China: The China Osteoporosis Prevalence Study.

Importance: The aging of the population is associated with an increasing burden of fractures worldwide. However, the epidemiological features of fractures in mainland China are not well known.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of and factors associated with osteoporosis, clinical fractures, and vertebral fractures in an adult population 40 years or older in mainland China.

Effect of socioeconomic characteristics and lifestyle on BMI distribution in the Chinese population: a population-based cross-sectional study.

Background: Body mass index (BMI) is an accepted measurement that is widely used to quantify overweight and obesity at the population level. Previous studies have described the distribution variation of BMI through applying common statistical approaches, such as multiple linear or logistic regression analyses. This study proposed that associations between BMI and socioeconomic characteristics, diet, and lifestyle factors varied across the conditional BMI distribution.

Retrospective study of clinical characteristics and viral etiologies of patients with viral pneumonia in Beijing.

Aims: The virus is common in patients with viral pneumonia. However, the viral etiology and clinical features of patients with viral pneumonia in China remain unclear. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the viral causes and epidemiology of patients with viral pneumonia in Beijing, which can significantly improve the pertinence and accuracy of clinical treatment of the disease.

Temporal Trend of Urolithiasis Incidence in China: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis.

Purpose: Urolithiasis is one of the commonest disease of the urinary system. This study aimed to assess the long-term urolithiasis incidence trends in China between 1990 and 2019.

Patients And Methods: The incidence data of urolithiasis were extracted from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, and an age-period-cohort framework was used to estimate the age, period, and cohort effects.

Highly efficient nano-Fe/Cu bimetal-loaded mesoporous silica Fe/Cu-MCM-41 for the removal of Cr(VI): Kinetics, mechanism and performance.

Zero valent iron (Fe) can reduce Cr(VI) in water, where Fe and Fe(Ⅱ) are possible electron donors, but passivation and aggregation easily occur to Fe. To improve the performance of Fe, a new hybridization strategy of Fe/Cu bimetal and silica-based mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41 for the removal of Cr(VI) from water has been proposed. The results show that the two-dimensional mesoporous structure of MCM-41 can provide skeleton support for Fe, improve the mass transfer rate, and overcome the aggregation bottleneck of Fe.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypertension, Diabetes, and Dyslipidemia among Adults in Northwest China.

Objective: To understand the prevalence and its risk factors of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia among adults aged over 18 years in Northwest China and provide data for the prevention and control of chronic diseases in Northwest China.

Methods: Three waves of survey on chronic diseases and nutrition monitoring with multistage stratified cluster random sampling were conducted in 10 counties of Northwest China in 2013, 2015, and 2018, respectively. Personal information, socioeconomic status (SES), and behavioral risk factors (cigarettes smoking, alcohol consumption, diets, and physical activity) were collected by face-to-face interview.

Trends in Incidence of Urinary Tract Infection in Mainland China from 1990 to 2019.

Purpose: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the second-most-common type of infection in China. This study aimed to determine the long-term trends in the incidence of UTI in Mainland China between 1990 and 2019.

Materials And Methods: Data were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 and were analyzed with the age-period-cohort framework.

Transmission Dynamics of the Rubella Virus Circulating in China During 2010-2019: 2 Lineage Switches Between Genotypes 1E and 2B.

Background: To provide a better understanding of the progress on rubella control and elimination in China, a genetic analysis was conducted to examine the transmission pattern of the endemic rubella virus in China during 2010-2019.

Methods: A total of 4895 strains were obtained from 29 of the 31 provinces in mainland China during 2010-2019. The genotyping regions of the strains were amplified, determined, and assembled.

Metagenomic sequencing reveals viral abundance and diversity in mosquitoes from the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region, China.

Background: Mosquitoes host and transmit numerous arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) that cause disease in both humans and animals. Effective surveillance of virome profiles in mosquitoes is vital to the prevention and control of mosquito-borne diseases in northwestern China, where epidemics occur frequently.

Methods: Mosquitoes were collected in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region (Shaanxi Province, Gansu Province, and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region) of China from June to August 2019.

Impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on mental health status and associated factors among general population: a cross-sectional study from Pakistan.

The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has significantly affected the mental health of people globally. This study aimed to investigate the mental health status and associated factors among residents of Pakistan. An online questionnaire survey was conducted from April 3 to May 7, 2020, using convenience and snowball sampling techniques.

Fabrication of the magnetic mesoporous silica Fe-MCM-41-A as efficient adsorbent: performance, kinetics and mechanism.

Antibiotics are emerging pollutants and increasingly present in aquaculture and industrial wastewater. Due to their impact on the environment and health, their removal has recently become a significant concern. In this investigation, we synthesized nano zero-valent iron-loaded magnetic mesoporous silica (Fe-MCM-41-A) via precipitation and applied the adsorption of oxytetracycline (OTC) from an aqueous solution.

What Is Required to Prevent a Second Major Outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 upon Lifting Quarantine in Wuhan City, China.

Background: The Chinese government implemented a metropolitan-wide quarantine of Wuhan city on 23 January 2020 to curb the epidemic of the coronavirus COVID-19. Lifting of this quarantine is imminent. We modelled the effects of two key health interventions on the epidemic when the quarantine is lifted.