TDP-SAR: Task-Driven Pruning Method for Synthetic Aperture Radar Target Recognition Convolutional Neural Network Model.

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) target recognition plays a crucial role in SAR image interpretation. While deep learning has become the predominant approach for SAR target recognition, existing methods face practical deployment challenges due to excessive model complexity. In addition, SAR images are less understandable compared to optical images, which leads to greater difficulties in analyzing the target features of SAR images in the spatial domain.

Simulation Prediction and Experimental Research on Surface Morphology of Ball Head Milling Processing.

With the aim of improving the machined surface quality of die steel, this paper takes Cr12MoV quenched die steel as the research object and proposes a ball head milling surface morphology prediction model that comprehensively considers influencing factors, including tool vibration, eccentricity, as well as deformation. By setting key parameters, such as line spacing, feed per tooth, cutting depth, and phase difference, the system analyzed the influence of each parameter on the residual height and surface roughness of the machined surface. High-speed milling experiments were conducted, and the surface morphology of the samples was observed and measured under a microscope.

High-Energy Storage Performance in La-Doped Lead Zirconate Films on Flexible Mica Substrates.

Flexible thin-film capacitors have gained a lot of attention in energy storage applications because of their high energy storage densities and efficient charge-discharge performances. Among these materials, antiferroelectric compounds with low residual polarization and strong saturation polarization have shown great promise. However, their comparatively low breakdown strength continues to be a major issue restricting further developments in their energy storage performance.

Macroscopic and Microscopic Properties of Alkali-Activated Slag Recycled Cementitious Material.

Alkali-activated slag recycled cementitious material (ASRCM) has emerged as a sustainable construction material alternative due to its potential for industrial byproduct valorization and reduced carbon footprint. To study the effect of recycled material content on ASRCM performance, this paper systematically investigates the optimal dosages of recycled stone powder, recycled rubber, and flax fiber in ASRCM with a controlled variable method. The synergistic effects of the inclusion of recycled stone powder, recycled rubber, and flax fiber on macro-microstructural properties on the ASRCM have been analyzed.

Activation of C()-X and C()-X σ-Bonds (X = F, Cl, Br, and OMe) by Rhodium Complex with Pincer-Type Aluminyl Ligands: Theoretical Insight into High Reactivity and Flexible Reaction Mechanism.

C()-X (X = F, Cl, Br, and OMe) σ-bond activation of halo- and methoxybenzenes and C()-X (X = F and Cl) σ-bond activation of fluoro- and chloromethanes by a rhodium complex with pincer-type aluminyl ligand (named Rh(PAlP)) are theoretically studied. Rh(PAlP) exhibits high reactivity in difficult σ-bond activations and flexible dependence of reaction mechanism on substrate and solvent. In the gas phase and cyclohexane solvent, all the C()-X σ-bond activations occur via cooperative activation by the Rh-Al moiety (Pathway 1) with moderate Gibbs activation energy (Δ°).

Polyoxometalate-based complex@graphene composite electrodes for efficient nitrate reduction to ammonia.

To replace the energy-intensive and polluting traditional ammonia synthesis process, in this study, we designed two polyoxometalate (POM)-based nickel/cobalt metal-organic composite catalysts, namely (HNCP)[Ni(HO)][NiMo(HPO)(PO)O] (Ni-PMo) and (HNCP)[Co(HO)][CoMo(HPO)(PO)O] (Co-PMo). These catalysts utilized {PMo} as the structural unit, nickel/cobalt as the metal node, and π-conjugated organic ligands as the linkers, and they were loaded onto graphene oxide (GO) to enhance the conductivity and reaction contact area. Experimental results showed that in acidic electrolytes, Ni-PMo/GO achieved an ammonia yield of 2.

Comparative study of ultraviolet absorption properties between iron selenide nanoparticles and zinc oxide nanoparticles based on first-principles calculations.

The intensification of global warming has exacerbated health risks associated with prolonged exposure to high-intensity ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Zinc oxide (ZnO), widely utilized as an inorganic physical sunscreen in commercial products, faces challenges such as significant photodegradation under prolonged UV exposure and limited absorption capacity primarily in the ultraviolet radiation A (UVA) range. These limitations necessitate the development of novel materials with enhanced UV absorption efficiency.

Study on Energy Storage of ZnCoS Based on Sulfur Vacancy Modulation of Ion Transport Rate.

Nowadays, high-rate, high-cycle anode materials for lithium batteries are a research hotspot, and defect engineering for electronic structure modulation is expected to be an effective strategy to improve electrochemical performance. In this paper, we controlled the concentration of ZnCoS sulfur vacancies by regulating the hydrothermal time and performed density functional theory (DFT) calculations on ZnCoS with vacancies. The results showed that ZnCoS exhibited metallic properties, and the vacancies helped to accelerate the diffusion of carriers and improve the storage capacity.

Intermittent control for nonlinear hybrid stochastic delayed systems with measurement error via dynamic event-triggered mechanism.

This paper deals with the problem of intermittent control based on dynamic event-triggered mechanism (DETM) for nonlinear hybrid stochastic delayed systems (NHSDSs) with measurement error. The DETM and intermittent control strategy are employed to alleviate the network burden in feedback and forward channels, respectively. After giving the existence and uniqueness theorem for the solution to NHSDSs, the sufficient condition to guarantee p-th moment exponential stability and almost surely exponential stability of NHSDSs is established by comparing with the constructed auxiliary system.

Electronic tuning of defect-rich ultrathin nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanosheets supported metal phthalocyanine catalysts for CO electroreduction.

Electrocatalytic CO reduction (CORR) driven by renewable energy represents a promising technology toward carbon neutrality. Metal phthalocyanines (MPcs) exhibit promise as molecular catalysts for CORR, however, their practical application is hindered by intrinsic limitations: poor electrical conductivity, easy aggregation, and inadequate active sites accessibility. Herein, we report defect-rich ultrathin N-doped porous carbon nanosheets (UNPCS) synthesized via molten salt-assisted pyrolysis of two-dimensional ZIF-L, serving as an advanced substrate to immobilize molecularly dispersed MPcs.

Interfacial Aggregation Behavior of Double Hydrophilic Block Copolymer of PDMAEMA--POEGMA.

The detailed micelle/aggregate structures of double hydrophilic diblock copolymers (DHBCs) at the air/water interface are not well understood and need to be further explored. The Langmuir film balance technique and atomic force microscopy were used to study the effects of subphase pH and temperature on the interfacial aggregation behavior of one DHBC of poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]--poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate] (PDMAEMA--POEGMA) and the structures of its Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films, respectively. At the air/water interface, the PDMAEMA--POEGMA copolymer forms a dense network structure of circular micelles with the hydrophobic carbon backbones of PDMAEMA and POEGMA blocks as the tiny cores and their hydrophilic side chains as the short shells, and each copolymer molecule forms two connected micelles/cores.

Design and Motion Analysis of a Soft Modular Robot for Diverse Environments.

This article introduces the design and development of a modular soft robot capable of performing multiple movement modes. The core unit module features a four-chamber soft structure, separated by a cross-shaped thin plate. By selectively applying pneumatic pressure to different chambers and changing connector configurations, the robot achieves diverse modular configurations and movement modes, enabling it to adapt to various environments.

Black phosphorus nanocomposites with near-infrared chemiluminescence and their application in reactive oxygen species imaging.

Black phosphorus (BP) has many excellent physical and chemical properties, including high photothermal conversion efficiency, and high biocompatibility, leading to its wide applications in biomedicine. Abnormal proliferation of reactive oxygen species is one of the features of many diseases such as inflammation and tumor. It is important for the visual monitoring of reactive oxygen species.

Light-Triggered Cross-Linking of Linear Poly(ethylene glycol) Hydrogels for Enhanced Antibacterial Delivery.

Due to the limited functional groups on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) terminals, hydrogels are usually prepared by PEG chains with multiple arms. It is challenging for the preparation of hydrogels using linear PEG. Herein, we report the light-triggered synthesis of hydrogels composed of linear PEG with bis-maleimide groups.

Orchestrated electron transfer in reduced polyoxometalate-based coordination architectures for facilitating nitrate-to-ammonia electrosynthesis.

The electrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonia (ENRA) process is critically hindered by sluggish multistep proton/electron transfer kinetics, limiting its practical viability for sustainable ammonia (NH) synthesis. To address this challenge, we designed a bioinspired family of polyoxometalate (POM)-based crystalline electrocatalysts-(HNCP)[M(HO)][MMo(HPO)(PO)O] (where HNCP = 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)imidazo(4,5-f)(1,10) phenanthroline and M = Ni, Co, or Fe; denoted as M-PMo)-by mimicking the cluster geometry and proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) dynamics of natural nitrate reductase (NR) for the efficient conversion of nitrate (NO) to NH. Among them, Ni-PMo demonstrates highly effective ENRA performance, achieving a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 91.

Study of an FBG-FP Cascaded Optical Fiber Current Transformer Based on Electrostrictive Material Coupling.

Aiming at the issues of low sensitivity and poor resistance to temperature and vibration interference in traditional optical fiber current transformers, as well as the structural complexity of magnetostrictive material-coupled sensors, this paper integrates a high-sensitivity electrostrictive piezoelectric ceramic sensor with an FBG-FP cascaded fiber-optic sensor. This coupling significantly optimizes the sensor structure. By employing orthogonal intensity demodulation to enhance detection sensitivity, and adopting a multi-cycle waveform-averaging method to calculate the DC output light intensity, temperature calibration and compensation are achieved through the correlation between the DC output light intensity and operating points.

Optimization of Insulation Structure Design for Enameled Wires Based on Molecular Structure Design.

The performance of enameled wires has an important impact on new energy vehicle motors. The mainstream practice of existing technology is to improve partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) by doping powder to inhibit corona and increase varnish thickness, the limitations of which are also obvious. Powder doping has the problem of dispersion stability, and increasing the varnish thickness affects the size and power density of the motor.

An Optimized Core Distribution Adaptive Topology Reconfiguration Algorithm for NoC-Based Embedded Systems.

In advanced multicore embedded systems, network-on-chip (NoC) is vital for core communication. With a rise in the number of cores, the incidence of core failures rises, potentially affecting system performance and stability. To address the challenges associated with core failures in network-on-chip (NoC) systems, researchers have proposed numerous topology reconfiguration algorithms.

Active underwater electrolocation method with PSO-based adaptive threshold estimation.

Target detection and localization are essential capabilities for underwater vehicles to perceive and understand the underwater environment. In turbid, dark and semi-enclosed waters, such as underwater caves, acoustic and optical sensing devices face serious problems of reverberation and attenuation of the detection range, respectively. Weakly electric fish use their electric organ in the tail to produce repetitive discharges, while their electric receptors in the head and trunk detect electrical signals.

A designed hierarchical porous Cu-Ni/Ni-Cu alloy converted from commercial nickel foam as versatile electrocatalysts for efficient and extremely stable water splitting.

The lack of efficient and stable electrodes is a major issue hindering the wide application of alkaline water electrolysis (AWE). Here, through the designed gaseous oxidation-reduction (GOR) strategy, uniform nanopores are in-situ fabricated throughout each skeleton of commercial nickel foam (NF). Subsequently, an innovative combination of electrodeposition and a second GOR process is employed to simultaneously achieve nickel/copper alloying and the generation of more abundant nanopores.

Ion-Conducting and Stretchable Organogel Polymer Interface Layer for Stabilizing Lithium Metal Anodes via In Situ Polymerization Strategy.

The uncontrollable growth of lithium dendrites and the unstable interface of the lithium metal anode/electrolyte inhibit potential large-scale applications of lithium metal batteries. The polymer artificial solid-electrolyte interface layer shows potential for the homogeneity of ion flux toward a lithium metal electrode. Herein, we design an ionic conductive and stretchable organogel polymer layer as the artificial protective layer via in situ polymerization on an active lithium metal anode, which can accommodate volume changes and maintain enhanced interfacial contact with the electrode.

A review of image guidance and localization methods for liver puncture robots.

Liver puncture is an indispensable procedure in the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases. However, traditional manual puncture typically relies on the extensive experience and judgment of physicians. Liver puncture robots, with their advantages of high stability, precision, and safety, can to some extent compensate for the shortcomings of traditional manual puncture.

Strategies for industrial-grade seawater electrolysis: from electrocatalysts and device design to techno-economic analysis.

Seawater electrolysis offers a promising route for sustainable hydrogen production, utilizing abundant seawater to meet global energy demands while addressing environmental concerns. However, challenges such as inefficiencies, high costs, and reliance on noble metal catalysts hinder its practical implementation. This review examines the fundamental mechanisms of seawater electrolysis, focusing on the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER) at industrial-scale current densities.

Influence of the Heterophasic Structure and Its Characteristics on the DC Electrical Properties of Impact Polypropylene Copolymer.

Space charge injection in polypropylene (PP) significantly weakens the stability of HVDC cables. Impact polypropylene copolymer (IPC) is often used as insulation material for AC cables, but in the DC field, IPC has the problem of space charge accumulation. This is because there is a multi-phase structure inside the IPC to which ethylene monomer was added in the production process, and the difference in physicochemical properties of each phase is an important reason for the accumulation of space charge inside the material.

GPR-TSBiNet: An Information Gradient Enrichment Model for GPR B-Scan Small Target Detection.

Accurate detection of underground grounding lines remains a significant technical challenge due to their deep burial and small cross-sectional dimensions, which cause signal scattering in heterogeneous soil media. This results in blurred features in GPR B-scan images, impeding reliable target identification. To address this limitation, we propose GPR-TSBiNet, an architecture incorporating two key model innovations.