Orbital-Tailoring Strategy via Dual-Defect Engineering in P-FeTe@NC Synergizes Polysulfide Adsorption-Conversion for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

The polysulfide shuttling and sluggish sulfur redox kinetics hinder the commercialization of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. Herein, the fabrication of phosphorus (P)-doped iron telluride (FeTe) nanoparticles with engineered Te vacancies anchored on nitrogen (N)-doped carbon (C) (P-FeTe@NC) is presented as a multifunctional sulfur host. Theoretical and experimental analyses show that Te vacancies create electron-deficient Fe sites, which chemically anchor polysulfides through enhanced Fe─S covalent interactions.

Copper-Modified Nanocarbon Composites for Enhanced Hydrogen Sulfide Adsorption: Synergistic Effects of Persistent Free Radicals and Cu-Based Oxides.

In this study, copper-modified nanocarbon composites (OMC) were successfully prepared using two-dimensional carbon nanosheets as the material substrate, the low-temperature hydrothermal method as the main process, and copper nitrate as the modifier. The effects of the modifier dosage ratio, hydrothermal temperature, and residence time on the structure and hydrogen sulfide (HS) adsorption performance of OMC were investigated. The results show that the OMC with persistent free radicals and copper oxides prepared under the conditions of a mass ratio of copper nitrate to two-dimensional carbon nanosheets of 2, a hydrothermal temperature of 130 °C, and a time of 8 h, respectively, has the best adsorption performance for HS, with an adsorption sulfur capacity of up to 46.

Prioritized Na Adsorption-Driven Cationic Electrostatic Repulsion Enables Highly Reversible Zinc Anodes at Low Temperatures.

Aqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMBs) are promising candidates for renewable energy storage, yet their practical deployment in subzero environments remains challenging due to electrolyte freezing and dendritic growth. Although organic additives can enhance the antifreeze properties of electrolytes, their weak polarity diminishes ionic conductivity, and their flammability poses safety concerns, undermining the inherent advantages of aqueous systems. Herein, we present a cost-effective and highly stable NaSO additive introduced into a Zn(ClO)-based electrolyte to create an organic-free antifreeze electrolyte.

Synthesis and Application of Pyrene-Based Fluorescent Probe for the Continuous Detection of Cu and Picric Acid.

A novel pyrene-based fluorescent probe PYS was designed and synthesized for the sequential detection of Cu and picric acid (PA) under identical experimental conditions. In ethanol-HEPES buffer (V/V = 8:2, pH = 7.4), Cu was selectively detected by PYS through fluorescence enhancement with a binding constant of 7.

Research on Cutting Force Modeling and Machining Performance of Discrete-Edge End Mill.

To address the challenges of complex cutting force formation and low prediction accuracy in discrete-edge end mills, this study proposes a precise cutting force modeling method based on an effective chip slot function. An effective chip slot function is established to quantitatively characterize the dynamic variation of cutting edge engagement along different axial positions. Based on the instantaneous uncut chip thickness theory by Altintas, a high-precision cutting force model suitable for discrete-edge tools is developed.

An Integrated Quasi-Zero-Stiffness Mechanism with Arrayed Piezoelectric Cantilevers for Low-Frequency Vibration Isolation and Broadband Energy Harvesting.

To address the collaborative demand for low-frequency vibration control and energy recovery, this paper proposes a dual-functional structure integrating low-frequency vibration isolation and broadband energy harvesting. The structure consists of two core components: one is a quasi-zero stiffness (QZS) vibration isolation module composed of a linkage-horizontal spring (negative stiffness) and a vertical spring; the other is an energy-harvesting component with an array of parameter-differentiated piezoelectric cantilever beams. Aiming at the conflict between the structural dynamic stiffness approaching zero and broadening the effective working range, this paper establishes a dual-objective optimization function based on the Pareto principle on the basis of static analysis and uses the grid search method combined with actual working conditions to determine the optimal parameter combination.

Dynamic interface catalysis and carbon dioxide reduction of liquid metals.

Liquid metal (LM) catalysis has been demonstrated to have obvious potential in the fields of energy conversion and environmental catalysis due to its unique dynamic interface, adjustable electronic structure and regenerative ability of active sites. Compared with traditional solid-state catalysts, the atomic-level degrees of freedom and fluidity of typical gallium-based LMs exhibit advantages such as anti-poisoning, interface self-repair, and dynamic regulation of reaction pathways. Based on the fundamental characteristics and mechanisms of LM catalysis, this work systematically expounds the phase structure regulation corresponding to achieving low-temperature fluidity.

Fining Crystal Facet and Oxygen Vacancy Engineering of Bifunctional BiOBr Facilitates Excellent Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution and Phenol Hydroxylation.

The most cost-effective and environmentally benign method of producing hydrogen fuel from water is solar-driven hydrogen production, using efficient photocatalysts with low-energy photons. Engineering such a photocatalyst remains highly challenging. In this work, BiOBr(001) and BiOBr(010) nanosheets were synthesized using the hydrothermal method.

Photonic Torons with 3D Topology Transitions and Tunable Spin Monopoles.

Topological defects and textures play crucial roles in fundamental physics and modern information science. Torons are a class of three-dimensional (3D) chiral topological structures with both skyrmionic quasiparticle textures and monopole point defects, so far only observed in liquid crystals with both polar and nonpolar symmetry. Here, we construct torons with the photonic spin of vector structured light and demonstrate the topological phase transitions among diverse 3D topological states: torons, hopfions, skyrmioniums and monopole pairs.

The first mitochondrial genome of (Smith) Lyngbye 1819.

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of (Smith) Lyngbye 1819 was reported for the first time, which could be beneficial for systematic studies on . The complete mitochondrial genome was 25,462 bp in length and contained 48 genes including 23 protein-coding, two rRNA, and 23 tRNA genes. The phylogenetic analysis based on the mitochondrial genome sequences revealed that all 16 Ceramiales species grouped into three distinct clades, and of this study forms a independent clade, showing a unique status within the order Ceramiales.

Effects of -derived brown algae polysaccharide (UPS) on the nutritional composition, digestive capacity, immune performance and intestinal microbiota of juvenile sea cucumber ().

Background: Brown algae polysaccharides (BAPs), derived from marine brown algae, represent bioactive macromolecules with potential functional feed applications as novel feed additives for improving the health and nutritional quality of aquatic animals. Previous studies have shown that BAPs possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, and antiviral activities. BAPs extracted from (UPS) contain kinds of BAPs such as alginate, mannitol, fucoidan and fucoheterosaccharides but there are few studies on the combined effects of these BAPs.

GSK3β serves as a novel therapeutic target in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by colorectal cancer.

In clinical practice, tumor occurrence and progression appear to be more frequent and rapid in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared to non-diabetic individuals. Epidemiological studies have confirmed that the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is relatively higher in patients with T2DM. However, the key candidate regulatory factors that mediate and drive the concurrent development and progression of T2DM and CRC remain unclear.

A synergistically designed strain-insensitive conductive hydrogel with humidity-adaptivity supporting sustained functional durability.

While employing hydrogels as conductive interconnects in flexible electronics, two intrinsic challenges require comprehensive solutions: performance degradation resulting from water evaporation and functional instability caused by strain-induced resistance increase. Thus, we integrate hygroscopic lithium bromide (LiBr) directly into hydrogel polymerization and exploit its multifaceted characteristics to develop a conductive hydrogel with humidity-adaptive water retention and strain-insensitivity. The synthesis is guided by the idea of "less is more", characteristics of acrylamide monomers (Aam), the silane coupling agent, and LiBr are synergistically leveraged to architect a hierarchical network comprising a primary backbone and dual-dynamic crosslinking.

In situ unravelling surface plasmon resonance subject-object role of BiVO@Ag in photocatalytic water splitting.

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of noble metal particles has been recognized to play a significant role in photocatalysis. We designed the BiVO@Ag system by photo-deposition to prove the special role of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) in promoting water splitting. The BiVO@Ag considerably increases light absorption by the SPR effect of Ag NPs.

Optimization of Thermal Conductivity of Bismaleimide/h-BN Composite Materials Based on Molecular Structure Design.

With the rapid development of information technology and semiconductor technology, the iteration speed of electronic devices has accelerated in an unprecedented manner, and the market demand for miniaturized, highly integrated, and highly intelligent devices continues to rise. But when these electronic devices operate at high power, the electronic components generate a large amount of integrated heat. Due to the limitations of existing heat dissipation channels, the current heat dissipation performance of electronic packaging materials is struggling to meet practical needs, resulting in heat accumulation and high temperatures inside the equipment, seriously affecting operational stability.

Sensor Fault Detection and Reliable Control of Singular Stochastic Systems with Time-Varying Delays.

In unmanned systems, especially in large-scale and complex ones, sensor and communication failures occur from time to time and are hard to avoid. Therefore, this paper studies the fault detection problem of a class of unknown nonlinear singular uncertain time-varying delay Markov jump systems (UNSUTVDMJSs). Firstly, the corresponding sliding mode controller (SMC) is designed by using the equivalent control principle, and the unknown nonlinearity is equivalently replaced by changing the system input.

GGCRB: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Predicting CircRNA-RBP Interactions Using Structural and Sequence Features.

The interaction between circular RNAs (circRNAs) and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) plays a crucial role in gene regulation; however, experimental identification is costly and inefficient. Current computational methods often overlook the structural features of circRNAs, thereby limiting prediction accuracy. To address these challenges, we propose GGCRB, a deep learning framework that integrates both sequence and structural features for predicting circRNA-RBP binding sites.

In vivo anti-inflammatory evaluation of oxadiazole derivatives bearing flurbiprofen moiety using experimental and computational approaches.

Improving anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs with negligible adverse effects remains a significant challenge for long-term use. In the present study, flurbiprofen-based oxadiazole derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their in vivo anti-inflammatory activity using the carrageenan-induced paw edema assay in mice. Amongst the tested compounds, 10, 3, and 5 exhibited remarkable anti-inflammatory activity, with edema inhibition rates of 88.

Sparse transformer and multipath decision tree: a novel approach for efficient brain tumor classification.

Early classification of brain tumors is the key to effective treatment. With advances in medical imaging technology, automated classification algorithms face challenges due to tumor diversity. Although Swin Transformer is effective in handling high-resolution images, it encounters difficulties with small datasets and high computational complexity.

Preparation and Photocatalytic Degradation of Fe-Doped BiOCl Photocatalytic Materials.

Fe-doped BiOCl (Fe-BiOCl) hierarchical microspheres were successfully prepared by using a simple one-step solvothermal approach. The Fe-BiOCl hierarchical microspheres were analyzed by XRD, IR, SEM, XPS, TEM, etc. The analyses confirmed that impurity levels were successfully introduced into the band gap of BiOCl through Fe doping, leading to a decrease in the band gap and an expansion of the light absorption range to the visible region.

Constructing NiS/CoS/1T-MoS-Sulfur Vacancy Catalyst to Boost Hydrogen Evolution Reaction and Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

In this study, a dual-functional sulfur-vacancy-1T-MoS/NiS/CoS (NCM) electrocatalyst was successfully synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method. Characterization results demonstrated that the unique morphology of the catalyst effectively prevented the agglomeration of MoS nanosheets. Furthermore, the introduction of Ni/Co has altered the electronic structure.

Lightweight encoding for medical additive manufacturing files.

Background: Additive manufacturing technology has revolutionized the medical field by enabling the production of customized implants with complex internal structures that enhance mechanical properties and biocompatibility. These intricate designs often result in exceedingly large 3D model files due to the high level of detail required. The substantial data volume poses significant file storage, transmission, and processing challenges.

Influence of Picosecond Laser Process Parameters on the Ablation of Vitro Skin Tissue.

Given the demand for ablation treatment using picosecond lasers in medical cosmetology, researchers analyze the degree of thermal damage to skin tissue by combining theoretical modeling with experimental research. The effects of laser scanning speed, number of scans (30-90) and scanning paths on the heat-affected zone, ablation depth, and thermal damage were investigated using one-way analysis of variance. The results show that increasing the scanning speed can reduce the heat-affected zone; the number of repeated scans is positively correlated with the ablation depth; and the concentric circle scanning path can reduce the accumulation of thermal damage compared with linear scanning.

PtCo clusters anchored on defect-rich heterometal nanosheets for electrochemical H production.

This study introduces a novel strategy for synthesizing high-performance H evolution reaction (HER) catalysts by efficiently utilizing traces of precious metals. Specifically, defect-rich hierarchical heterometal composites- CoS/NiS@NiSe@NF (NF) are employed as 'traps' to capture and stabilize PtCo clusters. This controlled approach enables the synthesis of a composite electrode denoted as PtCo/MoS/CoS/NiS@NiSe@NF electrode (abbreviated as PtCo-CE).