Comparative genomic analyses reveal different genetic basis of two types of fruit in Maloideae.

Fleshy fruits are classified as ethylene-dependent or ethylene-independent according to the ethylene climacteric at the onset of ripening. However, the mechanism forming these two types of fruits is unclear. Pears (Pyrus spp.

Influence of Picosecond Laser Process Parameters on the Ablation of Vitro Skin Tissue.

Given the demand for ablation treatment using picosecond lasers in medical cosmetology, researchers analyze the degree of thermal damage to skin tissue by combining theoretical modeling with experimental research. The effects of laser scanning speed, number of scans (30-90) and scanning paths on the heat-affected zone, ablation depth, and thermal damage were investigated using one-way analysis of variance. The results show that increasing the scanning speed can reduce the heat-affected zone; the number of repeated scans is positively correlated with the ablation depth; and the concentric circle scanning path can reduce the accumulation of thermal damage compared with linear scanning.

Artificial Intelligence-Enabled ECGs for Atrial Fibrillation Identification and Enhanced Oral Anticoagulant Adoption: A Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is often underdiagnosed and undertreated by noncardiologists. This study evaluated whether artificial intelligence-enabled ECG (AI-ECG) alerts could improve AF diagnosis and non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant prescriptions by noncardiologists.

Methods: In this open-label, cluster randomized controlled trial (NCT05127460) at 2 hospitals in Taiwan, noncardiologists were randomized to an intervention group (AI-ECG alerts) or control group (usual care).

Economic analysis of an AI-enabled ECG alert system: impact on mortality outcomes from a pragmatic randomized trial.

Findings from a previous study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05118035) demonstrated that an AI-enabled electrocardiogram (AI-ECG), combining AI reports and physician alerts, effectively identified hospitalized patients at high risk of mortality and reduced all-cause mortality. This study evaluates its cost-effectiveness from the health payer's perspective in Taiwan over a 90-day post-intervention period.

Artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis and prognostication in low ejection fraction using electrocardiograms in inpatient department: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial.

Background: Early diagnosis of low ejection fraction (EF) remains challenging despite being a treatable condition. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an electrocardiogram (ECG)-based artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted clinical decision support tool in improving the early diagnosis of low EF among inpatient patients under non-cardiologist care.

Methods: We conducted a pragmatic randomized controlled trial at an academic medical center in Taiwan.

Acupuncture for women undergoing in vitro fertilization: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis.

Background: In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a widely utilized assisted reproductive technology, but its success rates remain suboptimal due to various physiological and psychological factors. Acupuncture, as a complementary therapy, has been proposed to improve reproductive outcomes and alleviate associated pain and anxiety.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture as an adjunctive treatment for women undergoing IVF, focusing on reproductive outcomes, pain reduction, and anxiety alleviation.

Close atomic surface on aluminum alloy achieved by a near-neutral novel green chemical mechanical polishing method with high material removal rate.

Scratches, embedding of abrasives, and corrosion pits easily occur on the surface of aluminum (Al) alloy during traditional mechanical and chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). To achieve a close atomic surface on Al alloy, the material removal rate (MRR) is generally extremely low. To address these challenges, a near-neutral, novel green CMP slurry with a pH value of 6 was developed for Al alloy, consisting of silica, praseodymia, hydrogen peroxide, triethanolamine, and niacin.

Development of an Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Electrocardiography to Detect 23 Cardiac Arrhythmias and Predict Cardiovascular Outcomes.

Arrhythmias are common and can affect individuals with or without structural heart disease. Deep learning models (DLMs) have shown the ability to recognize arrhythmias using 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs). However, the limited types of arrhythmias and dataset robustness have hindered widespread adoption.

Ethylene-Activated E3 Ubiquitin Ligase MdEAEL1 Promotes Apple Fruit Softening by Facilitating the Dissociation of Transcriptional Repressor Complexes.

Fruit of most apple varieties soften after harvest, and although the hormone ethylene is known to induce softening, the associated pathway is not well resolved. In this study, it is determined that MdEAEL1 (Ethylene-activated E3 ubiquitin Like 1) is specifically expressed during apple fruit postharvest storage, activated by ethylene, and interacts with the transcription factor MdZFP3 (zinc finger protein3). MdZFP3 is found to rely on an EAR (ethylene-responsive element binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression) motif to form a transcriptional repression complex with MdTPL4 (TOPLESS4)-MdHDA19 (histone deacetylase19), thereby downregulating the histone acetylation levels of the promoters of a range of cell wall degradation-related genes and inhibiting their transcription.

Melatonin suppresses ethylene biosynthesis by inhibiting transcription factor MdREM10 during apple fruit ripening.

Ethylene, a plant hormone, is essential for apple () ripening. The precise molecular mechanism by which melatonin (MT) influences ethylene biosynthesis during apple fruit ripening remains unclear. This study found that exogenous MT treatment inhibited ethylene production and postponed apple fruit ripening.

Efficacy and safety of moxibustion for knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Purpose: Although several reviews have examined moxibustion for knee osteoarthritis (KOA), they have some methodological limitations. This systematic review aims to synthesize current evidence on various moxibustion interventions for KOA pain relief.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search across seven databases up to June 2024.

Interventions, programmes and resources that address culturally and linguistically diverse consumer and carers' cancer information needs: a mixed methods systematic review.

Background: Culturally and linguistically diverse (CaLD) consumers and carers have been identified as experiencing high levels of unmet needs relating to information and support across the cancer journey. This review identified and evaluated the effectiveness of strategies to meet the cancer information needs of consumers and carers from CaLD backgrounds.

Methods: This review followed Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for systematic reviews.

The Effect of Local Skin Precooling on Alleviating Injection Site Pain in Patients With Androgenetic Alopecia Receiving a Scalp Nerve Block.

Background: Scalp platelet-rich plasma (PRP) mesotherapy is commonly used to increase hair density and improve scalp health in patients with androgenetic alopecia. While PRP therapy is favored for its lower risk of adverse effects and reduced treatment frequency compared to other methods, the potential for injection site pain remains a significant challenge, potentially reducing patient compliance and treatment continuation.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of local skin precooling in reducing injection site pain during scalp PRP mesotherapy in patients with androgenetic alopecia.

Does acupuncture at motor-related acupoints affect corticospinal excitability? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Acupuncture is widely used in modulating brain excitability and motor function, as a form of complementary and alternative medicine. However, there is no existing meta-analysis evaluating the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture on corticospinal excitability (CSE), and the credibility of the evidence has yet to be quantified.

Objective: This study was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture (EA) and manual acupuncture (MA) in enhancing brain excitability, specifically focusing on CSE as measured by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).

Continuous Monitoring of Blood Pressure by Measuring Local Pulse Wave Velocity Using Wearable Micromachined Ultrasonic Probes.

Continuous monitoring of dynamic blood pressure (BP) is crucial for cardiovascular status analysis and holds significant value in the clinical prevention and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. However, existing methods are often limited by their bulky design and complex procedures, which are incompatible with the demands of smart, portable devices. Here, we present a wearable, non-invasive, and continuous BP monitoring system based on piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducer (PMUT) with flexible encapsulation.

Once-weekly glucagon-like peptide receptor agonist polyethylene glycol loxenatide protects against major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes: a multicenter ambispective cohort study (FLYING trial).

This study aimed to determine the effects of polyethylene glycol loxenatide (PEG-Loxe), a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, on a three-point major adverse cardiovascular event (3P-MACE) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The study was conducted in six tertiary hospitals in three cities in China. Large language models were used to retrospectively screen and include 12,341 patients with T2DM who had either cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular risk factors.

Isoacteoside alleviates hepatocellular carcinoma progression by inhibiting PDHB-mediated reprogramming of glucose metabolism.

Pyruvate dehydrogenase B (PDHB) is an important component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and is implicated in altering tumor metabolism and promoting malignancy. However, the specific impact of PDHB on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metabolic reprogramming and its role in tumor progression remain to be elucidated. In our investigation, we have discerned a pronounced elevation in PDHB expression within HCC, intricately linked to delayed tumor staging, heightened tumor grading, and diminished prognostic outcomes.

and formula alleviates depressive behaviors microglia regulation in an unpredictable chronic mild stress animal model.

Background And Aim: (CM) and (AM) are medicinal mushrooms with potential applications in the treatment of mood disorders, including depression and anxiety. While research suggests that both CM and AM possess anti-inflammatory properties and hold potential for treating depression when administered separately, there is limited knowledge about their efficacy when combined in a formula, as well as the underlying mechanism involving the modulation of microglia.

Experimental Procedure: Rats received oral administrations of the low-dose formulation, medium-dose formulation, and high-dose formulation over 28 consecutive days as part of the UCMS protocols.

The Novel Assessment to Explore the Cutting Performance of Rotary Instruments Using Dynamic Finite Element Analysis With Failure Mode.

Introduction: The separation of Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) endodontic instruments due to excessive torque adversely affects treatment outcomes. Previous studies have analyzed torque values under static conditions and failed to accurately simulate the dynamic conditions of instruments within root canals. This study aimed to apply a novel finite element analysis (FEA) to assess the real-time dynamic performance of NiTi endodontic instruments during operation in root canals.

Transcription factors PuNAC37/PuWRKY74 and E3 ubiquitin ligase PuRDUF2 inhibit volatile ester synthesis in 'Nanguo' pear.

As major contributors to flavor in many fruit species, volatile esters are useful for investigating the regulation of the biosynthesis pathways of volatile aroma compounds in plants. Ethylene promotes the biosynthesis of volatile esters during fruit storage while accelerating fruit ripening; thus, the ethylene perception inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) is employed to prolong the shelf life of fruits. However, the mechanisms by which 1-MCP regulates volatiles synthesis remain unclear.

Complete genome sequence of Paracidovorax avenae causing red stripe in sugarcane.

Objective: Paracidovorax avenae (Pa) is the causative agent of red stripe disease in sugarcane and belongs to the Gram-negative β-Proteobacteria. Red stripe is a major bacterial disease of sugarcane worldwide. Limited genome sequences of Pa can be used for exploring the phylogenetic and genetic diversity analysis in this pathogen at the complete genome level.

Aspirin suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma progression by inhibiting platelet activity.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common malignant liver disease in the world. Platelets (PLTs) are known to play a key role in the maintenance of liver homeostasis and the pathophysiological processes of a variety of liver diseases. Aspirin is the most classic antiplatelet agent.

Relationship between gut microbiota and the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review.

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a form of gestational diabetes mellitus characterized by insulin resistance and abnormal function of pancreatic beta cells. In recent years, genomic association studies have revealed risk and susceptibility genes associated with genetic susceptibility to GDM. However, genetic predisposition cannot explain the rising global incidence of GDM, which may be related to the increased influence of environmental factors, especially the gut microbiome.

Efficacy and safety of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation for the management of primary dysmenorrhoea: protocol for a randomised controlled trial in China.

Introduction: Primary dysmenorrhoea (PD) is a common menstrual concern with significant physical and psychosocial impacts. The effectiveness and safety of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) in alleviating PD symptoms remain uncertain due to insufficient evidence. This single-centre, parallel, randomised controlled study intends to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TEAS for PD management.