Precisely Bonded Fe─Cu Diatomic Sites with Nitrogen-Bridged Coordination on Hollow CN Spheres for Efficient C─N Coupling and Selective Photocatalytic Urea Synthesis.

The photocatalytic synthesis of urea from CO and N co-reduction presents a promising alternative to the conventional energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process. However, competitive adsorption on the catalyst surface often limits selectivity and yield. Here, we designed hollow graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) spheres, which serve as a high surface area scaffold for precise anchoring of Fe─Cu diatomic sites.

A Highly Efficient BiOSe/BiWO S-Scheme Heterojunction Photocatalyst for Solar Water Splitting: A First-Principles Study.

Two-dimensional (2D) S-scheme heterojunctions have garnered significant interest, owing to their remarkable redox capability and excellent potential in solar energy harvesting. In the work, a 2D/2D S-scheme heterojunction consisting of monolayer BiOSe and BiWO was designed, and its performance in photocatalytic water splitting was comprehensively investigated using first-principles calculations. The results reveal that the BiOSe/BiWO heterojunction features well-aligned electronic band structures and generates an intrinsic built-in electric field directed from BiOSe toward BiWO.

Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of Dual-Targeted Molecular Tracer for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Programmed Cell Death Ligand‑1 and Integrin αβ.

Dual-targeting strategies have shown considerable potential in improving the imaging contrast and specificity toward tumor tissues. In this study, we synthesized a dual-targeted tracer, , which synergistically targeted programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and integrin αβ. The tracer was produced with high radiochemical purity (>95%) and radiochemical yield (>95%).

Molecular dynamics and FDTD method synergistic modulation for surface emission in luminescent glass by metal nanoparticles.

Luminescent glass is widely used in industries such as lasers and communications. Metal nanoparticles have a significant effect on the emission properties of luminescent glass, but quantitative control of this effect remains challenging due to the difficulty in large-scale glass process optimization. This paper proposes a method that combines large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithms to effectively analyze the aggregation of nanoparticles in glass.

Q221K mutation in VP2 drives antigenic shift of infectious bursal disease virus.

Introduction: Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a severe immunosuppressive disease caused by the infection of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in chicken. Recently, an emerging mutant named novel variant IBDV (nVarIBDV) has rapidly spread in China and become a prevalent strain. However, little is known about the unique antigenic sites of nVarIBDV escaped from current IBDV vaccines.

Robot-Assisted Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (Robo-TMS): A Review.

transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive and safe brain stimulation procedure with growing applications in clinical treatments and neuroscience research. However, achieving precise stimulation over prolonged sessions poses significant challenges. By integrating advanced robotics with conventional TMS, robot-assisted TMS (Robo-TMS) has emerged as a promising solution to enhance efficacy and streamline procedures.

Diversity, evolution, and gene regulation of endogenous retroviruses in eight important poultry species.

Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are remnants of ancient retroviral infections that have shaped vertebrate genomes through evolution. In poultry, ERVs remain understudied despite their potential roles in genome plasticity, gene regulation, and disease resistance. Here, we presented a comprehensive analysis of ERVs across 8 poultry species from three families (Anatidae, Phasianidae, and Numidae), combining de novo mining, phylogenetic classification, and functional characterization.

Forensic SNP genealogy inference using whole genome sequencing data of varying depths.

High-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping data at varying depths were obtained through whole genome sequencing (WGS). The accuracy of genotyping was evaluated, and methods for forensic SNP genealogy inference using WGS data were explored. The impact of sequencing depth on the accuracy of forensic genealogy inference was also assessed.

Single-Atom Cu and Zn Vacancy Synergy in NiFe-LDH Boosts Metal-Support Interaction for High-Efficiency Nitrate-to-Ammonia Electroreduction.

The electrochemical nitrate (NO)-to-ammonia conversion reaction (NORR) represents a transformative approach addressing dual challenges of environmental remediation and sustainable ammonia (NH) synthesis. Despite its promise, practical implementation remains constrained by parasitic hydrogen evolution and inherent kinetic limitations. We propose an innovative dual-site architecture through atomic-scale metal-support engineering, constructing single copper (Cu) atoms anchored on zinc-deficient NiFe-layered double hydroxide (CuSA/V-LDH).

A novel monoclonal antibody differentiates highly pathogenic serotype 4 fowl adenovirus through targeting 188R in the Hexon.

Since 2015, hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) induced by the infection of highly pathogenic serotype 4 fowl adenovirus (HP-FAdV-4) has caused severe economic losses to the poultry industry. Although Hexon protein is closely associated with the pathogenicity of HP-FAdV-4, its antigenic epitopes remain poorly elucidated. In this study, two monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against Hexon were generated, designated as 2C5 and 4H7, respectively.

Isolation and molecular characteristic of subgroup J avian leukosis virus in Guangxi and Jiangsu provinces of China during 2022-2023.

Subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) has significantly affected the global poultry industry, with rapid mutations and frequent outbreaks in the poultry industry of China, challenging the current eradication strategies. In this study, virus isolation, identification, and complete genome sequencing of suspected ALV-J-infected samples collected from Guangxi and Jiangsu provinces during 2022-2023 were performed. Four ALV-J strains (designated as, GXZM01, GXZM02, JSZM02, and JSZM963) were successfully isolated and sequenced, with genome lengths ranging from 7487 to 7636 bp and a homology of 82.

Tuning Local Proton Concentration and *OOH Intermediate Generation for Efficient Acidic HO Electrosynthesis at Ampere-Level Current Density.

Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction is a sustainable method for on-site HO synthesis. The HO in acidic media has wide downstream applications, but acidic HO electrosynthesis suffers from poor efficiency due to high proton concentration and unfavourable *OOH (key intermediate) generation. Herein, acidic HO electrosynthesis was enhanced by regulating local proton availability and *OOH generation via fluorine-doped on inner and outer walls of carbon nanotubes (F-CNTs).

Step-wise coupling discrete memristive chaotic map.

With specific nonlinearity, discrete memristors can form excellent chaotic systems through different coupling models. This work proposes a step-wise coupling method for constructing a mapping model. Based on second-order coupling, a novel trigonometric step-wise discrete memristive (TSDM) map is constructed by coupling a sine discrete memristor with a cosine discrete memristor.

Insights into lattice oxygen and strains of oxide-derived copper for ammonia electrosynthesis from nitrate.

Electrocatalytic NO reduction (eNO3RR) is a sustainable method for purification of NO wastewater and NH recovery. Cu-based catalysts are promising for eNO3RR, but insufficient active hydrogen (*H) supply and *NO poison of active sites have hindered their performance, and the catalytic mechanism remains ambiguous. Here, we report oxide-derived copper nanosheet arrays (OD-Cu NSs) with residual lattice oxygen and lattice strains to enhance NH synthesis from eNO3RR.

Development of a monoclonal antibody-based competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies against duck adenovirus 3.

Background: Duck adenovirus 3 (DAdV-3), the emerging pathogen of a disease characterized by swelling and hemorrhage in liver and kidney, is widely distributed in China, resulting in serious economic losses to the duck farms. However, no vaccine is commercially available for the prevention of the disease. Thus, a precise and reliable diagnosis is of great value for the implementation of control measure to limit the spread of DAdV-3 infection.

Development and evaluation of biphenyl-based small-molecule radiotracers for PET imaging of PD-L1 in tumor.

Accurate identification of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is crucial for anti-tumor immunotherapy. However, the heterogeneity of PD-L1 expression in tumors makes it challenging to detect by immunohistochemistry. In this study, we developed two novel PD-L1 small-molecule PET tracers, [F]LGT-1 and [F]LGT-2, to enable the non-invasive and precise measurement of PD-L1 expression in tumors through PET imaging.

Preliminary Study of a Novel Ga-Labeled Probe Targeting Neuropilin-1 for Tumor Diagnosis.

Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), a transmembrane protein related to tumor progression and invasion, presents potential as a prospective biomarker for tumor diagnosis and therapy. Positron emission tomography (PET) is acknowledged as an ideal modality for accurately monitoring NRP-1 expression due to its superior sensitivity and resolution. In this study, a novel peptide-based PET imaging probe, [Ga]Ga-DOTA-NEP, was successfully developed for specifically visualizing NRP-1 expression in tumors.

Promoting SO and OH Generation from Sulfate Solution toward Efficient Electrochemical Oxidation of Organic Contaminants at a B/N-Doped Diamond Flow-Through Electrode.

Electrochemical oxidation via in situ-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) is effective for the mineralization of refractory organic pollutants. However, the oxidation performance is usually limited by the low yield and utilization efficiency of ROS. Herein, a B/N-doped diamond (BND) flow-through electrode with enhanced SO/OH generation and utilization was designed for electrochemical oxidation of organic pollutants in sulfate solution.

Mutagenesis and analysis of contrasting wheat lines do not support a role for PFT in Fusarium head blight resistance.

Ambiguity about whether the histidine-rich calcium-binding protein-coding gene (His) or the pore-forming toxin-like gene (PFT) or both are responsible for Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance conferred by the Fhb1 quantitative trait locus hinders progress toward elucidating Fhb1 resistance mechanisms. Here, with a series of developed lines with or without PFT but all possessing His and five His-carrying PFT mutant lines created via gene editing, we show that PFT does not confer FHB resistance and that the His resistance effect does not require PFT in the tested conditions. We also show that PFT mutations are not associated with morphological and phenological characteristics that often affect FHB severity.

Protective Efficacy of an Inactivated Recombinant Serotype 4 Fowl Adenovirus Against Duck Adenovirus 3 in Muscovy Duck.

Background: Duck adenovirus 3 (DAdV-3) is an emerging pathogen that has caused severe economic losses to the duck industry in China. Recently, the infection of ducks with serotype 4 fowl adenovirus (FAdV-4) has also been reported in China. Therefore, an efficient bivalent vaccine to control the diseases caused by DAdV-3 and FAdV-4 is extremely urgent.

Synergy of Copper Doping and Carbon Defect Engineering in Promoting C-C Coupling for Enhanced CO Photoreduction to Ethanol Activity.

Photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO) to fuel provides an ideal pathway to achieving carbon neutrality. One significant hindrance in achieving the reduction of CO to higher energy density multicarbon products (C) was the difficulty in coupling C-C bonds efficiently. Copper (Cu) is considered the most suitable metal catalyst for C-C coupling to form C products in the CO reduction reaction (CORR), but it encounters challenges such as low product selectivity and slow catalytic efficiency.

Comediation of voltage gating and ion charge in MXene membrane for controllable and selective monovalent cation separation.

Artificial ion channels with controllable mono/monovalent cation separation fulfill important roles in biomedicine, ion separation, and energy conversion. However, it remains a daunting challenge to develop an artificial ion channel similar to biological ion channels due to ion-ion competitive transport and lack of ion-gating ability of channels. Here, we report a conductive MXene membrane with polydopamine-confined angstrom-scale channels and propose a voltage gating and ion charge comediation strategy to concurrently achieve gated and selective mono/monovalent cation separation.

Enhanced Photocatalytic Synthesis of Urea from co-Reduction of N and CO on Z-Schematic SrTiO-FeS-CoWO Heterostructure.

The photocatalytic co-reduction of CO and N is a sustainable method for urea synthesis under mild conditions. However, high-yield synthesis of urea is a challenge due to the sluggish kinetics of the C-N coupling reaction. Herein, we have successfully engineered a Z-scheme photocatalyst, SrTiO-FeS-CoWO, for boosting photocatalytic urea synthesis via enhancing the initial CO and N adsorption step and reducing the energy barrier for the C-N coupling reaction.

Complete genome sequence of Paracidovorax avenae causing red stripe in sugarcane.

Objective: Paracidovorax avenae (Pa) is the causative agent of red stripe disease in sugarcane and belongs to the Gram-negative β-Proteobacteria. Red stripe is a major bacterial disease of sugarcane worldwide. Limited genome sequences of Pa can be used for exploring the phylogenetic and genetic diversity analysis in this pathogen at the complete genome level.

Regulating the Electronic Structure of Cu Single-Atom Catalysts toward Enhanced Electro-Fenton Degradation of Organic Contaminants via O and OH.

Heterogeneous electro-Fenton degradation with O and OH generated from O reduction is cost-effective for the removal of refractory organic pollutants from wastewater. As O is more tolerant to background constituents such as salt ions and a high pH value than OH, tuning the production of O and OH is important for efficient electro-Fenton degradation. However, it remains a great challenge to selectively produce O and improve the species yield.