Molecular Identification Technologies in Authentication of Chinese Caterpillar Mushroom Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Ascomycota) and Related Species: A Review.

Ophiocordyceps sinensis fruit bodies, an insect-fungi complex, is a renowned ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine. Although numerous previous reviews have concentrated on the bioactive components and pharmacological properties of O. sinensis fruit bodies, there remains a notable lack of literature regarding the development of novel methods for authenticating these fruit bodies, particularly in the context of applying molecular identification techniques.

PagMIR166c targets PagECH2 to regulate cambial differentiation into secondary xylem, cell expansion, and lignin deposition via different auxin signaling pathways in poplar stems.

Secondary xylem, a key trait of trees, is the main source of tree biomass. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important regulatory roles in the secondary xylem formation; however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms are far from being completely elucidated. In this study, we provide the first evidence that PagMIR166c is involved in the secondary xylem formation in poplar stems.

GbTRB1 binds telomeric DNA in Ginkgo biloba.

Unlabelled: Telomere-binding proteins play a crucial role in maintaining the stability of telomere structures. In this study, we found that GbTRB1, a double-stranded telomere-binding protein, can bind telomeric DNA., plays a pivotal role in telomere complex stability in .

Androgen regulates seasonal changes in triglyceride synthesis through the AR-SREBP1-FASN axis in the scented glands of muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus).

SREBP1 (sterol regulatory element binding protein 1) plays an important role in maintaining lipid balance in mammals. Previous research showed that androgen significantly regulated the secretion of lipid-rich musky odor substances from the scented glands of muskrats. Our investigation provides insights into the pathways through which androgen induces SREBP1 expression and affects seasonal changes in triglyceride synthesis in muskrat scented glands.

Ecophysiological transition mediated by hybridization in a hybrid pine species complex.

Hybridization is a driving force in ecological transitions and speciation, yet direct evidence linking it to adaptive differentiation in natural systems remains limited. This study evaluates the role of hybridization in the speciation of , a keystone forest species on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. By creating artificial interspecific F1s and a long-term common garden experiment on the plateau, we provide assessments on 44 growth and physiological traits across four seasons, along with RNA sequencing.

Mechanistic Insights into the Bornyl Diphosphate Synthase from .

Lavender species hold substantial economic importance due to their widespread cultivation for essential oils (EOs). Lavender EOs contain terpenes essential for industries such as cosmetics, personal care, and pharmaceuticals. In the biosynthetic pathway of EOs, bornyl diphosphate synthase (LaBPPS) catalyzes the conversion of geranyl diphosphate (GPP) to bornyl diphosphate (BPP).

Exploring Autophagy-Related Gene Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma via TCGA, GEPIA2, and HPA Databases: Implications for Prognosis.

Objective: This study aimed to identify autophagy-related genes (ARGs) with prognostic significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using bioinformatics and survival analysis.

Materials And Methods: ARGs were sourced from multiple references, including the Human Autophagy Database (HADb), relevant literatures, the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), and a final list was confirmed after eliminating duplicate entries. Differential expression analysis between normal and tumor tissues relied on data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).

Ferrihydrite redox enhanced biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons coupling with conversion of soil multi-elements by electron transfer.

In the soil microbial electrochemical remediation, iron transformations commonly govern electron transfer, bioelectricity generation and pollutant degradation. In this study, the conversion of ferrihydrite to goethite (cathode) and hematite (anode) increased electronic circulation channels, with a 67 % increase in charge output and 74 % improvement in petroleum hydrocarbon removal. Simultaneously, ferrihydrite-mediated processes facilitated the activation of recalcitrant organic carbon, resulting in 9 % lignin and 30 % unsaturated hydrocarbon degradation.

Structural bioinformatics and gene expression analysis of maturase K from (lavender).

The chloroplast genome of plants contains a single gene encoding the splicing factor Maturase K (MatK). To elucidate the functional role and underlying mechanism of MatK, we investigated it in (lavender). Structural models of MatK1 and Matk2 were predicted using AlphaFold2, and potential active site residues were identified via the GalaxyWEB program.

Identification and expression pattern analysis of the gene family in rice.

Calcium (Ca) signaling, which is mediated by calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs), plays a pivotal role in the way that plants respond to abiotic stresses. However, the systematic bioinformatics and expression pattern analysis of remain largely unknown. In this study, we conducted a thorough genome-wide analysis of the gene family in rice, identifying ten members spanning six chromosomes.

Genetic diversity and relationships of broomcorn millet based on trnT-trnL and GBSSI sequences.

Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is the oldest crop originating in China. The routes of transmission have been the focus of broomcorn millet research.

Phylostratigraphic analysis revealed that ancient ohnologue PtoWRKY53 innovated a vascular transcription regulatory network in Populus.

The secondary vascular system represents a hallmark innovation in woody plant evolution. While contemporary studies have decoded key molecular networks governing its development, the evolutionary trajectory of these regulatory systems remains elusive. We performed integrated phylostratigraphic and transcriptomic profiling across six Populus species spanning five phylogenetic clades to decipher the evolutionary dynamics of regulatory genes in the secondary vascular system.

Calcium-dependent protein Kinases: Bridging growth and stress responses in plants.

Plants have evolved complex signal transduction networks to regulate metabolism and adapt to their environment. Calcium ions serve as key messengers in these pathways, playing central roles in a wide range of signal transduction processes. In plants, multiple classes of calcium-binding proteins can detect transient calcium signal fluctuations triggered by various stimuli, and initiate downstream responses.

Study on the chemical modification of polysaccharides from and the structure-activity relationship after modification.

Polysaccharides extracted from edible and medicinal fungi have attracted much attention due to their various biological activities, including their antioxidant and hypoglycemic effects. , a wild mushroom species valued for its high economic, nutritional, and health-promoting potential, has drawn increasing interest in recent years. In this paper, polysaccharide (HLP) from was extracted using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (EMImBr) combined with ultrasound, followed by purification through ethanol precipitation, deproteinization via the Sevage method, dialysis, DEAE-52 ion-exchange chromatography, and Sephadex G-100 gel column chromatography to obtain homogeneous components.

PtoNAC90 is a positive regulator for secondary xylem development in Populus.

Secondary growth is regulated by numerous transcription factors under multi-level transcriptional control; however, only a few are considered as key regulators of secondary cell walls biosynthesis in Populus. This study identified PtoNAC90 as a transcription factor crucial for xylem development in Populus. PtoNAC90 is specifically expressed in developing xylem tissues.

Natural variation in PtobZIP18 confers the trade-off between stem growth and drought tolerance in Populus.

Maintaining the balance between growth and drought tolerance is arguably one of the most prevalent challenges encountered by woody plants. In this study, we performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of percentage loss of diameter (PLD) in the stems of 300 Populus tomentosa accessions under drought stress. Our analysis identified the bZIP transcription factor PtobZIP18 as a key regulator of xylem development in response to drought stress.

Impact of High-Barrier Packaging Design on Consumer Preference for Not from Concentrated Orange Juice.

This study investigates the influences of the packaging design of not from concentrate (NFC) orange juice on consumer sensory preferences and purchase intention. We conducted a laboratory experiment with eighty-one individuals, combining physiological measurements (eye-tracking to assess attention levels) and sensory evaluation (tasting and rating their overall satisfaction with the taste). Participants evaluated different bottles featuring three design elements (transparency, color, label) but with the same juice inside.

Histological and histochemical characterization of the musk gland in forest musk deer (): a preliminary study.

Musk is a biologically valuable secretion from the musk gland of male musk deer, with significant economic and medicinal importance. Due to severe decline and depletion of wild musk deer population, captive breeding of musk deer has become the primary approach for sustainable musk production. So far, the histological structure and secretion mechanism of the musk gland remain incompletely understood.

Sodium Reduction Through Sensory Interactions With NaCl: Strategies and Underlying Mechanisms.

Excessive sodium intake from processed foods poses significant health risks, necessitating effective sodium-reduction strategies in the food industry. This review explores sensory interactions between sodium chloride and flavor stimuli, including taste (sweetness, sourness, bitterness, and umami), orthonasal and retronasal olfaction (e.g.

Comprehensive genetic dissection of yield-related traits utilizing quantitative trait loci sequencing approach in mungbean.

Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] has gained significant popularity in the food industry, due to its distinctive functional properties and exceptional nutritional value.

Regulation of foliar salicylic acid at the heading stage enhances the grain 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline content and yield in fragrant rice.

Despite numerous studies on salicylic acid (SA) and its functions, research regarding the regulation of foliar-applied SA at the heading stage in fragrant rice remains scarce. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted using Meixiangzhan and Yuxiangyouzhan cultivars. Exogenous SA was applied at four concentrations, namely 0 (CK), 0.

FORKHEAD BOX1 promotes leaf senescence via the histone acetyltransferase HAC1 and the transcription factors TGA7 and ABF2/3.

Leaf senescence is a tightly regulated developmental process influenced by complex genetic and epigenetic networks. Here, we identified AtFOX1, a previously uncharacterized forkhead box (FOX) protein in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), as a positive regulator of leaf senescence. Loss-of-function AtFOX1 mutants exhibit delayed senescence, whereas AtFOX1 overexpression accelerated this process.

Contrasting roles of reactive oxygen species in pyrophosphate-induced growth inhibition under normal and salt stress conditions.

Pyrophosphate (PPi) is an important chemical raw material; however, little research has focus on the effects of exogenous PPi on plant growth, especially under salt stress condition. This study investigated the impact of sodium pyrophosphate (Na-PPi) on the growth of Arabidopsis under 0 mM and 50 mM NaCl conditions. The results showed that 1 mM Na-PPi significantly inhibited the growth of Arabidopsis seedlings in 0.

Evaluation of intracellularly targeted engineered antioxidant fusion proteins SOD-LCA2 and Prx-LCA2 as promising therapeutic combinations for alleviating and restoring pulmonary oxidative damage.

The lungs, as the sole internal organs directly interfacing with the external environment, are particularly susceptible to oxidative stress. To address the challenge of intracellular antioxidant delivery, a bifunctional fusion protein system was developed through conjugation of SOD and Prx with enterotoxin-derived intracellular carrier protein LCA2. Recombinant plasmids encoding SOD-LCA2 and Prx-LCA2 were successfully expressed in E.

Identification and Expression Profiles of Xyloglucan Endotransglycosylase/Hydrolase Family in Response to Drought Stress in .

Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) is a crucial enzyme in plant cell wall remodeling, which contributes to plant growth, development, and stress response. Based on the transcriptome data of , this study identified and analyzed 16 genes. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the gene family can be divided into three subfamilies, namely the Early Diverging Group, Group I/II, and Group III, all of which share highly conserved motifs and structural features.