Impact of lipid modification on the structural and digestive properties of starch in cooked chestnut paste: A comparative study of butter and soybean oil.

Lipids are commonly added to starchy foods to improve both their sensory attributes and nutritional value. This study investigated the regulatory mechanisms of butter and soybean oil on the starch structure and digestibility in cooked chestnut paste (CCP). X-ray diffraction and complexing indices revealed the formation of V-type crystalline complexes, with soybean oil exhibiting a stronger complexation capacity due to its the flexible properties of unsaturated fatty acids.

Rhizosphere Microbes From Populus euphratica Conferred Salt Stress Resistance to Populus alba × Populus glandulosa.

The rhizosphere microbiomes of halophytes are crucial for plant adaptation to high-salinity soil conditions, but how to harness rhizosphere microbes to confer salt stress resistance to plants remains obscure. This study aimed to establish a framework (isolate-select-construct) for tailoring simplified salt-tolerant synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) and explore how they confer salt stress resistance to the plant. First, a total of 512 strains were isolated from the high-salt rhizosphere soil of Populus euphratica through high-throughput cultivation.

Microplastics and soil microbiomes.

Microplastics, small particles that are released from plastics as they degrade, are ubiquitous and increasing in amount in most environments, including the soil. Here, we review the impacts of microplastics on the structure and activity of soil microbiomes and their key ecosystem functions. We then discuss how soil microbiomes regulate the environmental behavior of microplastics, such as enhancing pollutant adsorption and promoting degradation.

Adventitious Root Formation in Cuttings: Insights from and Prospects for Woody Plants.

Cutting propagation is a commonly employed technology for vegetative reproduction in agricultural, forestry, and horticultural practice. The success of cutting propagation depends on adventitious root (AR) formation-a process whereby roots regenerate from stem cuttings or leaf cuttings. In this review, we summarize the distinct stages of cutting-induced AR formation and highlight the pivotal roles of plant hormones and age in this process.

Chloroplasts Orchestrate Multilayered Defences Against Plant Pathogens.

Chloroplasts are usually regarded as photosynthetic organelles that generate oxygen and carbohydrates. However, emerging studies have revealed their pivotal role in plant immunity. Chloroplasts play a crucial role in processing various external environmental stimuli and modulating plant immune responses.

Seasonal Changes of Circulating Sex Steroid Hormones Associated With Vomeronasal Function of the Male Muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus).

The vomeronasal organ (VNO) is a key receptor for pheromones involved in regulating reproductive and social behaviors in animals, such as mating between males and females and male-male competition. The aim of this study was to explore variations in circulating androgen and estrogen concentrations in male muskrats in relation to seasonal changes in vomeronasal function. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a total of 212 vomeronasal receptor (VR) genes in muskrats.

SiCST1, a novel plant-specific protein of foxtail millet, confers cold stress tolerance in plants.

Foxtail millet () is a significant cereal crop, but its yield is limited by extreme temperature, particularly cold stress. In this study, we identified a novel plant-specific gene, (Cold Stress Tolerance in 1) in foxtail millet, through transcriptome deep sequencing (RNA-Seq) of cold-stressed seedlings. We generated a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout mutant of rice homolog of (designated ).

Genome-wide identification and characterization of the ubiquitin-specific protease (USP) gene family in cattle: primary analysis of muscle-specific USP genes and their influence on myogenesis.

Background: The ubiquitin-proteasome system(UPS) is a critical biological pathway that regulates protein function and plays a pivotal role in muscle formation. Nevertheless, the current comprehension of the ubiquitin-specific protease (USP) family, an important component of the UPS, in relation to bovine myoblast development remains relatively limited. This study aims to characterize the bovine USPs and conduct a preliminary analysis of their function, to provide valuable insights for enhancing beef yield and quality.

snRNA-Seq Unveils Cell-Type-Specific Immune Dynamics in Arabidopsis During Pinewood Nematode Infection.

The alterations in gene expression levels in response to the pathogens are pivotal in determining pathogenicity or susceptibility. However, the cell-type-specific interaction mechanism between the pinewood nematode (PWN) and its hosts remains largely unexplored and poorly understood. Here, we employed single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) with PWN-infected Arabidopsis leaves to dissect the heterogeneous immune responses.

Short-day-induced expression of PtTFL2 triggers growth-defense tradeoffs during Pinus tabuliformis dormancy.

Conifers have developed intricate dormancy strategies to cope with extreme climates in winter. Among various environmental cues, shortened photoperiods in the fall induce conifers to enter dormancy, leading to growth cessation, bud set, and enhanced freezing tolerance. However, the molecular mechanisms of short-day-induced dormancy are not fully understood.

Integrative multi-omics analysis unravels chitosan-mediated delay of mango fruit ripening through hormonal and metabolic reprogramming.

Mango (), a climacteric fruit of significant global economic value, suffers from rapid postharvest deterioration driven by complex hormonal and transcriptional networks. While chitosan coating is known to extend mango shelf-life, the precise molecular mechanisms, particularly its interplay with key ripening hormones like abscisic acid and ethylene, and the role of transcriptional regulators, remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that chitosan delays ripening by reprogramming abscisic acid and ethylene signaling pathways and associated transcriptional networks.

Research on the GST gene family in Salix lindleyana reveals Trp162 and Pro202 as key amino acids controlling the release rate of GS-X.

The adaptive evolution of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene family in Salix lindleyana provides insights into the relationship between enzyme structure and function. In this study, 37 genes encoding the GST protein were cloned from S. lindleyana with no genomic data available, and their expression levels and enzyme activity were determined in vitro.

Establishment of -Mediated Transient Transformation System in Sunflower.

Sunflower ( L.) is an important oilseed crop in Northwest China, exhibiting resistance to salt and drought. Mining its excellent tolerance genes can be used for breeding.

Identification of Salt Tolerance-Related Genes in Wheat Roots Based on RNA-Seq and Association Analysis.

Excavating new salt tolerance genes and utilizing them to improve salt-tolerant wheat varieties is an effective way to utilize salinized soil. The gene family plays an important role in plant response to salt stress. In this study, 446 sequences were isolated from the whole genome of common wheat and classified into 118 members based on subgenome homology, named to .

Temporal dynamics of bioactive compounds in sweet tea (Lithocarpus litseifolius (Hance) Chun): Linking harvest stages to flavor and health benefits.

Sweet tea, the leaves of Lithocarpus litseifolius (Hance) Chun, received widespread attention for its edible and healthy values. This study employed non-targeted (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS) and quantitative (UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) analyses to investigate the influence of harvest timing and geographic origin on its metabolite profile, flavor, and bioactivity. Among 505 identified metabolites, flavonoids and dihydrochalcones exhibited significant variation across developmental stages and regions.

sp. nov. and sp. nov., isolated from the seleniferous soil.

Two Gram-stain-negative bacterial strains, designated S5-13 and S5-11, were isolated from seleniferous soil in Enshi, PR China. Both strains demonstrated the ability to tolerate high concentrations of selenite and selenate and efficiently reduced these selenium oxyanions to elemental selenium. Phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses revealed that strain S5-13 belongs to the genus , while S5-11 is affiliated with the genus .

Preparation of oat metal ion chelating peptides via froth floatation: Efficacy, molecular characteristics, and their anti-browning effects.

Currently, the low purity and complex nature of metal ion chelating peptides (MPs) limit their application effectiveness. This study developed a novel method for the efficient preparation of MPs via zinc ion-chelating froth flotation, achieving a 19.2 % yield of high-purity MPs.

Dynamic gene regulatory networks drive seed dormancy and germination of Pinus tabuliformis.

Unlabelled: The (Chinese pine), a keystone conifer species native to northern China with extended distributions into central and southern regions (e.g., Henan), plays a critical role in regional vegetation dynamics.

SC35-mediated bZIP49 splicing regulates K⁺ channel AKT1 for salt stress adaptation in poplar.

Soil salinization threatens plant distribution, crop yields, and ecosystem stability. In response, plants activate potassium (K) signaling to maintain Na⁺/K⁺ balance, though the mechanisms regulating K⁺ uptake under salt stress remain poorly understood. This study identified two splice variants of the bZIP49 transcription factor in Populus tomentosa: unspliced "bZIP49L" and spliced "bZIP49S".