Electrokinetic insights into cation-coupled reaction pathways in electrochemical CO reduction to formic acid or formate.

The electrochemical reduction of CO to formic acid or formate represents one of the most economically promising route for CO utilization. While substantial advances in catalyst design and electrolyzer engineering have been achieved in recent years, critical uncertainties remain regarding the reaction pathway and the often-debated role of alkali metal cations. Resolving these discrepancies requires precise kinetic analysis under well-defined conditions.

Morphology vs. toxicity: How temperature reshapes Microcystis' adaptive strategies in a warming world?

Global warming and eutrophication have synergistically intensified cyanobacterial blooms, with Microcystis posing significant ecological and health risks due to microcystin (MC) production. This study investigated how temperature gradients (10 °C, 25 °C, 35 °C, 40 °C) modulate physiological, morphological, and molecular adaptive strategies in M. aeruginosa, focusing on metabolic trade-offs between morphological plasticity and toxin production.

Iron overload exaggerates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by promoting tubular cuproptosis via interrupting function of LIAS.

Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI), a major contributor to acute kidney injury (AKI) and delayed graft function (DGF), is closely associated with dysregulation of metal ion homeostasis. Although copper and iron metabolism exhibit interconnected regulatory pathways, the temporal dynamics and functional interplay of these metal ions in RIRI pathogenesis remain poorly understood. Our study demonstrates that cuproptosis and ferroptosis, two distinct forms of cell death induced by metal ion overload, occur simultaneously within 6 h after reperfusion.

Genetic diversity and relationships of broomcorn millet based on trnT-trnL and GBSSI sequences.

Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is the oldest crop originating in China. The routes of transmission have been the focus of broomcorn millet research.

Investigating Synthetic-to-Real Transfer Robustness for Stereo Matching and Optical Flow Estimation.

With advancements in robust stereo matching and optical flow estimation networks, models pre-trained on synthetic data demonstrate strong robustness to unseen domains. However, their robustness can be seriously degraded when fine-tuning them in real-world scenarios. This paper investigates fine-tuning stereo matching and optical flow estimation networks without compromising their robustness to unseen domains.

SIRT1 Prevents Lens Epithelial Cell Senescence During Age-Related Cataract via Regulating p66Shc.

Lens epithelial cell (LEC) senescence is one of the key pathological processes of age-related cataract (ARC) and is associated with oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and protein aggregation. This study aimed to elucidate the pathogenesis of LEC senescence in ARC. The protein expression level of silencing regulatory protein 1 (SIRT1) and aptamer protein (p66Shc) was quantified.

Exploring the Mechanism of Action of Berberine on Arrhythmia After Myocardial Infarction: A Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Cellular Experimental Study.

Arrhythmia after myocardial infarction, a common disease, has a high incidence and lethality in clinical practice, which seriously affects patients' quality of life and survival time. Based on our previous study and available evidence, berberine plays a role in the treatment and prevention of arrhythmia after myocardial infarction. Thus, in order to clarify the specific mechanism and provide new clinical treatments, we conducted this study.

Exercise improves glucose and lipid metabolism in high fat diet feeding male mice through androgen/androgen receptor-mediated metabolism regulatory factors.

Exercise alleviates high fat diet (HFD)-induced glycolipid metabolism disorders, but the mechanisms are not discovered totally. Low androgen/androgen receptor (AR) levels are associated with glycolipid metabolism disorders in males, and androgen/AR modulate glycolipid metabolism-related regulators such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1-α), Forkhead box O1 (FoxO1), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase (PEPCK) and stearyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1). In the present study, we blockaded androgen (by castration) and inhibited or activated AR activity (by AR antagonist flutamide and agonist S4, respectively) to clarify androgen/AR's roles in exercise-induced alleviation of glycolipid metabolism disorders in male high fat diet (HFD) feeding mice and the underlying mechanisms.

Facilitating Screening of MOFs for Mixed Matrix Membranes Using Machine Learning and the Maxwell Model.

Metal organic framework (MOF)-based mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs), which embed MOF particles in polymer matrices, combine the advantages of polymeric and inorganic membranes. Multiple previous studies have used the Maxwell model together with molecular simulations and machine learning (ML) to predict the performance of MOF/polymer MMMs. However, the assumption of rigid MOF frameworks in molecular simulations limited the accuracy of the data used in the predictions, particularly in predicting molecular diffusivities.

p66shc exacerbates the progression of obstructive nephropathy through apoptosis, mitochondrial damage, and EMT.

Background: Many factors contribute to hydronephrosis, ultimately resulting in renal fibrosis and even deterioration of renal function. This study investigated the pathogenic role of p66shc, a redox-regulatory protein, in hydronephrosis-induced renal injury.

Objective: This study focused on the mechanism of p66shc in renal fibrosis associated with obstructive nephropathy.

Session-Guided Attention in Continuous Learning With Few Samples.

Few-shot class-incremental learning (FSCIL) aims to learn from a sequence of incremental data sessions with a limited number of samples in each class. The main issues it encounters are the risk of forgetting previously learned data when introducing new data classes, as well as not being able to adapt the old model to new data due to limited training samples. Existing state-of-the-art solutions normally utilize pre-trained models with fixed backbone parameters to avoid forgetting old knowledge.

Increase the Long-Wavelength Absorption for Carbon-Electrode Based Hole-Conductor-Free Perovskite Solar Cells by Thicker Perovskite Films.

Weak reflectivity of carbon-electrode (CE) limits light harvesting of perovskite solar cells that are based on CEs (CPSCs), especially for long-wavelength region. To solve this problem, herein the crystallization of perovskite (PVSK) is regulated by tuning the concentration of PbI precursor during the two-step growth method. As concentration increases from 1.

Scutellaria baicalensis stem and leaf combat chicken-derived respiratory bacterial infection.

The Chinese poultry industry has witnessed rapid development, with laying hens playing a pivotal role. However, the escalating demand has led to an exponential increase in the population of laying hens raised, resulting in emerging challenges. Particularly during bacterial infections, substantial losses can be incurred.

Research on multi-condition optimization of centrifugal compressor impeller meridian profile.

The turbocharger, a pivotal technology for energy conservation and emission reduction, offers substantial academic significance, particularly in the in-depth study of its core component: the centrifugal compressor impeller. This research aims to enhance the centrifugal compressor's overall efficiency by optimizing its impeller meridional profile. By modifying the impeller meridional profile of a certain centrifugal compressor impeller to address the issue of discontinuous curvature, this paper aims to optimize the comprehensive average efficiency under variable speed and variable flow conditions.

Chemerin mediates exercise-induced improvements of bone microstructure and bone mass in diabetes or high fat diet mice.

To clarify the roles and mechanisms of adipokine chemerin in exercise-induced bone improvements in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) mice and mice fed on high fat diet (HFD). DM mice were established by HFD + streptozotocin injection, exogenous chemerin was supplemented prior to running, and found that exogenous chemerin reversed 6-week exercise-induced improvements in cancellous bone parameters in DM mice. While adipose-specific chemerin knockout improved microstructure and mass of cancellous bone in HFD mice and further increased exercise-induced bone improvements, accompanied with promoted osteogenesis and inhibited osteoclasis represented as the changes of RANKL, M-CSF, Runx2, Osterix, OPG, ALP and CTSK.

Chemerin loss-of-function attenuates glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion in exercised obese mice.

Aims: To investigate the role of chemerin reduction in mediating exercise-induced Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion and the amelioration of pancreatic β-cell function in obesity.

Materials And Methods: Obesity models were established using wild-type and chemerin systemic knockout mice, followed by 8 weeks of moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercise training. Serum chemerin levels, GLP-1 synthesis, glucose tolerance, pancreatic β-cell function, structure, and apoptosis were assessed.

Increased α-synuclein phosphorylation and oligomerization and altered enzymes in plasma of patients with Parkinson's disease.

The brain of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) was characterized by increased phosphorylation and oligomerization of α-synuclein (α-syn) and altered activity of enzymes regulating α-syn phosphorylation and oligomerization. Whether increased α-syn phosphorylation and oligomerization as well as related enzyme changes can be detected in the plasma of PD patients remains unclear. Here, we showed that human α-syn proteins incubated in PD plasma formed more oligomerized α-syn (O-α-syn) and phosphorylated α-syn (pS-α-syn) than those in healthy control (HC) plasma.

A client-server based recognition system: Non-contact single/multiple emotional and behavioral state assessment methods.

Background And Objectives: In the current global health landscape, there is an increasing demand for rapid and accurate assessment of mental states. Traditional assessment methods typically rely on face-to-face interactions, which are not only time-consuming but also highly subjective. Addressing this issue, this study aims to develop a client-server-based, non-contact multimodal emotion and behavior recognition system to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of mental state assessments.

A budding yeast-centric view of oxysterol binding protein family function.

The Trans Golgi Network (TGN)/endosomal system is a sorting center for cargo brought via the anterograde secretory pathway and the endocytic pathway that internalizes material from the plasma membrane. As many of the cargo that transit this central trafficking hub are components of key homeostatic signaling pathways, TGN/endosomes define a critical signaling hub for cellular growth control. A particularly interesting yet incompletely understood aspect of regulation of TGN/endosome function is control of this system by two families of lipid exchange/lipid transfer proteins.

Facile fabrication of THz metasurfaces by a spatially shaped femtosecond laser printing system.

Terahertz (THz) metasurfaces provide unprecedented abilities to realize versatile THz wavefronts manipulations. Nevertheless, these high degree of freedom, non-periodic, densely arranged subwavelength unit cells pose numerous extreme parameter requirements for the fabrication of metasurfaces, presenting significant challenges to their practical application. Herein, a spatial shaping femtosecond laser printing system, based on spatial light modulation (SLM), is proposed for the creation of THz metasurfaces.

DFT study on the mechanism of phosphine-catalyzed ring-opening reaction of cyclopropyl ketones.

In the present study, the mechanism, origin of chemoselectivity, and substituent effects of the phosphine-catalyzed ring-opening reaction of cyclopropyl ketone have been investigated using the DFT method. Multiple pathways, including the formation of hydrofluorenone, the Cloke-Wilson product, and cyclopenta-fused product, were studied and compared. The computational results show that the pathway for the formation of hydrofluorenone is the most favorable one, which involves four processes: nucleophilic substitution to open the three-membered ring, an intramolecular Michael addition for the formation of an enolate intermediate, an intramolecular [1,5]-proton transfer to give ylide, and an intramolecular Wittig reaction to deliver the final product.

Prognostic factors and overall survival in pelvic Ewing's sarcoma and chordoma: A comparative SEER database analysis.

Background: This study aimed to develop and validate nomograms to predict overall survival (OS) for pelvic Ewing's sarcoma (EWS) and chordoma, identify prognostic factors, and compare outcomes between the two conditions.

Methods: We identified patients diagnosed with pelvic EWS or chordoma from the SEER database (2001-2019). Independent risk factors were identified using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, and these factors were used to construct nomograms predicting 3-, 5-, and 10-year OS.

Perfluoroalkyl-modified covalent organic frameworks for continuous photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide synthesis and extraction in a biphasic fluid system.

HO photosynthesis represents an appealing approach for sustainable and decentralized HO production. Unfortunately, current reactions are mostly carried out in laboratory-scale single-phase batch reactors, which have a limited HO production rate (<100 μmol h) and cannot operate in an uninterrupted manner. Herein, we propose continuous HO photosynthesis and extraction in a biphasic fluid system.