Electrokinetic insights into cation-coupled reaction pathways in electrochemical CO reduction to formic acid or formate.

The electrochemical reduction of CO to formic acid or formate represents one of the most economically promising route for CO utilization. While substantial advances in catalyst design and electrolyzer engineering have been achieved in recent years, critical uncertainties remain regarding the reaction pathway and the often-debated role of alkali metal cations. Resolving these discrepancies requires precise kinetic analysis under well-defined conditions.

Application of sodium alginate-pectin active intelligent film containing anthocyanins from Aronia melanocarpa and tea polyphenols in pork preservation and freshness monitoring.

To investigate the preservation effects of active intelligent packaging film (S/P/A/T film) incorporated with anthocyanins (AMA) and tea polyphenols (TP) on meat, pork was selected as a representative sample, and preservation and monitoring experiments were conducted at 4 °C. The antimicrobial properties of the S/P/A/T active intelligent packaging were confirmed by observing the effects of the film solution on the growth curves and bacterial morphology of S. aureus and E.

Preparation and application of modified pectin-whey protein stabilized clove essential oil pickering emulsion sustained-release preservative pads.

Pectin (AP) was modified via alkaline/enzymatic/high-pressure enzymatic methods. High-pressure enzymatic pectin (HPP-AP) exhibited the lowest esterification degree with galacturonic acid content, optimal shear-thinning behavior, and emulsification performance. HPP-AP complexed with whey protein isolate (WPI) through hydrophobic interactions (exposed galacturonic acid-WPI residues) and hydrogen bonding (amide-hydroxyl groups), forming stable composite particles.

Using PLUS-InVEST-OPGD model to explore spatiotemporal variation of ecosystem carbon storage and its drivers in Jinsha river basin, China.

Land-Use/Land-Cover Change (LUCC) is a key disturbance factor of the carbon cycle in terrestrial ecosystems, and the study on the coupling mechanism between LUCC and carbon storage is of great scientific value for implementing a regional carbon-neutral strategy. In this study, the Jinsha River Basin in Yunnan Province, which has outstanding ecological vulnerability, is taken as the research object, and a synergistic analytical framework of "spatial and temporal pattern drivers" is constructed by integrating multi-temporal remote sensing data and multi-model coupling method. Based on the high-precision 30 m land use data from 1990 to 2020, the PLUS-InVEST-OPGD multi-model coupled system was used to simulate and predict the characteristics of spatial and temporal carbon storage differentiation in 2030 under four development scenarios, namely, natural development (ND), ecological protection (EP), farmland protection (FP), and economic development (ED), and to analyze the driving mechanism using the Optimal Parameter Geodetic Probe (OPGP).

Confidence Intervals for AUC and pAUC by Empirical Likelihood.

The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and Partial AUC (pAUC) are often used to measure the performance of medical diagnostic tests. Under nonparametric settings, we propose and illustrate in this paper a two-sample empirical likelihood approach to test hypotheses and construct confidence intervals for AUC and pAUC. The empirical likelihood ratio test in our setup yields an asymptotic chi-square distribution under null hypothesis.

A bibliometric analysis of research on chondrocyte apoptosis in osteoarthritis from 2009 to 2025 based on citespace and VOSviewer.

Background: Cell apoptosis is a prominent research area in the field of osteoarthritis. However, comprehensive bibliometric analyses systematically evaluating the current state of research in this field are scarce. This study reviews the existing literature on apoptosis in osteoarthritis and identifies global research hotspots to locate future research trends in this field.

Theoretical Prediction of Ethane Dehydrogenation Activated by Thermal Radiation and Inert N Molecule.

The catalytic effects of gas molecules CO, CO, N on the dehydrogenation of ethane are compared using density functional theory simulations. Vibrational excitation is applied to potential energy surface and dynamic trajectories to illuminate the effect of thermal radiation. The study reveals the catalytic activity of N gas for ethane dehydrogenation.

Clinical Applications and Therapeutic Mechanisms of Chinese Herbal Medicine Yiaikang Capsules in Treating Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.

Yiaikang (YAK) is a 22-component traditional herbal medicine, exhibiting a powerful inhibitory effect on viral replication and immunity-boosting activities in clinical applications, and is widely used to treat diseases in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in China. In clinical studies, YAK alleviates the clinical symptoms of HIV/AIDS (eg, weakness, shortness of breath, spontaneous sweating, and diarrhea) while enhancing quality of life and improving survival rates of patients. In the molecular mechanism studies, its main therapeutic action is inhibition of HIV replication, alongside increased numbers of CD4 T cells.

Effect of sodium caseinate and sodium alginate W/O/W emulsion gel loaded with proanthocyanidins as fat substitutes on the quality of fermented sausages.

Fermented sausages exhibit extended shelf life and high nutritional value. However, their animal fat content-characterized by high saturated fatty acids and low polyunsaturated fatty acids-may contribute to obesity-related disorders. Furthermore, lipids and proteins in meat products are highly susceptible to oxidative rancidity during storage due to factors such as light, oxygen, and temperature, adversely affecting sausage quality.

A small molecule esculetin accelerates postprandial lipid clearance involving activation of C/EBPβ and CD36-mediated phagocytosis by adipose tissue macrophages.

: Adipose tissue buffers dietary lipids to maintain postprandial lipid homeostasis. Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) mediate the phagocytosis of postprandial lipids from the exogenous diet, generating high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles that facilitate lipid circulation and excretion. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.

The Role of the Hexosamine-Sialic Acid Metabolic Pathway Mediated by GFPT1/NANS in c-Myc-Driven Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background & Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) frequently involves metabolic reprogramming, which promotes oncogenesis and metastasis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain insufficiently explored. In this study, we aim to investigate the metabolic abnormalities in c-Myc-driven HCC development and their potential therapeutic implications.

Hydrogen production aqueous-phase reforming of methanol catalyzed by ruthenium(II) complexes with Schiff-base pincer ligands.

Ruthenium(II) complexes with tridentate pincer ligands were tested for catalytic hydrogen production from aqueous-phase reforming of methanol. The most sterically hindered complex () achieved a turnover number of 14 050. Mechanistic studies revealed that ligand dissociation and substitution play crucial roles in activating the catalyst and transforming substrates.

Imbibition Characteristics and Its Influencing Factors of Shale Gas Reservoirs: A Case Study of the Longmaxi Shale in Southeast Chongqing.

For the purpose of estimating the influence of reservoir pore structure, composition, imbibition fluid type, and fluid pressure on imbibition fluid amount and imbibition rate, parallel subsamples of Longmaxi Shale in southeast Chongqing were selected to carry out imbibition experiments on five kinds of solutions under pressures of 10 and 0.1 MPa. The amount of imbibition fluid entering the reservoir sample is closely related to the porosity.

Detection and BI-RADS Classification of Breast Nodules in Urban Women - China, 2021.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: Female breast nodules represent the most frequently detected lesions during breast ultrasound screening. Notably, nodules classified as Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 4 or 5 indicate an elevated risk of breast cancer. Nevertheless, the detection rate and BI-RADS classification of female breast nodules in China remain largely undocumented.

Evaluating the efficacy of femtosecond laser-assisted arcuate keratotomy in correcting low-to-moderate astigmatism during femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery in Chinese patients.

Purpose: To evaluate the astigmatism correcting effect of the femtosecond laser-assisted arcuate keratotomy (FSAK) during femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) in Chinese people.

Methods: The retrospective study included consecutive patients who underwent combined FSAK and FLACS, with corneal astigmatism of 0.75 to 2.

Stefan-Boltzmann Water Catalyzed Propane Dehydrogenation.

The traditional wisdom of utilizing water in practical olefin synthesis has been viewed as a means to reduce alkane partial pressure and assist in coke removal. However, under such harsh reaction conditions, the potential catalytic role of the water molecule remains unclear. This study explores the intriguing concept that the water molecule, through the selective excitation of molecular vibrations and collisions induced by thermal energy and thermal radiation, could act as a catalyst in homogeneous gaseous propane dehydrogenation.

Application and research progress of different frequency tACS in stroke rehabilitation: A systematic review.

After a stroke, abnormal changes in neural oscillations that are related to the severity and prognosis of the disease can occur. Resetting these abnormal neural oscillations is a potential approach for stroke rehabilitation. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) can modulate intrinsic neural oscillations noninvasively and has attracted attention as a possible technique to improve multiple post-stroke symptoms, including deficits in speech, vision, and motor ability and overall neurological recovery.

Knowledge mapping of online healthcare: An interdisciplinary visual analysis using VOSviewer and CiteSpace.

Background: Online healthcare has been regarded as a permanent component and complementation in routine worldwide healthcare. Although there have been large-scale related studies in this field, studies are scattered across disciplines. Numerous publications are needed to systematically and comprehensively identify the status quo, development, and future hotspots in this field.

Secreted autotransporter toxin produced by probiotic Nissle 1917 enhances neurodegeneration in .

First isolated during World War I, Nissle 1917 (ECN) is an intensively studied bacterium that produces several factors that can inhibit pathogenic bacteria to promote gut health. These findings have led to its commercialization as a probiotic bacterium widely available for human consumption. Notably, the genome of ECN is highly analogous to many extraintestinal pathogenic (ExPEC) strains that do cause diseases in humans.

Asymmetric partitioning of persistent paternal mitochondria during cell divisions safeguards embryo development and mitochondrial inheritance.

Most eukaryotes inherit only maternal mitochondria. The reasons for paternal mitochondrial elimination and the impacts of persistent paternal mitochondria on animals remain elusive. We show that undegraded paternal mitochondria in autophagy-deficient C.

Sodium caseinate‑sodium alginate binary complex stabilized W/O/W emulsion gels loaded with proanthocyanidins from Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott: Formation, structure, stability, in vitro gastrointestinal digestion.

This study developed a W/O/W emulsion gel encapsulating proanthocyanidins from Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott (APC) using polyglycerol ricinoleate (PGPR) as the lipophilic emulsifier and sodium caseinate (NaCN)-alginate (Alg) as the hydrophilic emulsifier. The optimal preparation process was established based on particle size, zeta potential, phase separation, centrifugal stability, and microscopic morphology: 4.

Incomplete Immune Reconstitution and Traditional Chinese Medicine in Patients with HIV/AIDS: Challenges and Perspectives.

Antiretroviral therapy can reduce human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) load to undetectable levels and restore CD4+ T cells to rebuild immune function in patients with HIV. However, some patients fail to achieve immune reconstitution despite treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine is an important branch of complementary and alternative medicine for the treatment of HIV infection, and a growing number of studies has demonstrated that traditional Chinese medicine can increase CD4+ T cell counts in patients, thereby promoting immune reconstitution, ameliorating symptoms and signs, and improving quality of life.

Microdetection of Nucleocapsid Proteins via Terahertz Chemical Microscope Using Aptamers.

In the detection of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), several methods have been employed, including the detection of viral ribonucleic acid (RNA), nucleocapsid (N) proteins, spike proteins, and antibodies. RNA detection, primarily through polymerase chain reaction tests, targets the viral genetic material, whereas antigen tests detect N and spike proteins to identify active infections. In addition, antibody tests are performed to measure the immune response, indicating previous exposure or vaccination.