Exploring the potential pathogenesis of migraine using glutamatergic neuron models derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of migraine patients.

Migraine is a complex neurological disorder influenced by multiple genetic susceptibility factors, yet current animal models fail to fully recapitulate its human-specific pathophysiology. In this study, we explored the potential mechanisms underlying migraine by examining functional abnormalities and molecular dysregulation in glutamatergic neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of migraine patients. As key excitatory cells in the central nervous system, glutamatergic neurons are implicated in migraine through altered excitability, ion channel dysfunction, and dysregulation of nociceptive signaling molecules.

Rutin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation and blood brain barrier dysfunction.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a pivotal role in safeguarding and sustaining the brain's microenvironment. Disruption of this barrier is commonly observed in various neurological disorders and is intricately linked with neuroinflammation. Rutin, a natural flavonoid known for its diverse biological activities, has showed protective effects against neuroinflammation.

The peptide ENSG00000232259-ORF inhibits glioma cell proliferation and migration by promoting autophagy.

Glioma is a malignant brain tumor in which the lncRNA ENSG00000232259 is significantly upregulated. Bioinformatics predictions suggest that it may encode the polypeptide ENSG00000232259-ORF, but the biological function and mechanisms of this polypeptide in glioma remain unclear. Gene expression and correlation analyses were conducted using the GEPIA database, combined with GetORF to predict the polypeptide-coding potential, and Western blot was employed to validate the expression of ENSG00000232259-ORF.

Significantly enhanced effects of heavy metals on the toxicity, bioconcentration and biomagnification under combined exposure.

Heavy metal (HM) co-contamination is prevalent in the aquatic ecosystems and often induces complex combined effects such as synergism or antagonism, bioconcentration and biomagnification on the food-chain organisms, which is threatening the survival of living creatures and even to human health. However, the combined effects of HMs under combined exposure on the aquatic food chains still remain poorly understood. Therefore, toxic responses, bioconcentration and biomagnification of four typical HMs, lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn), were systematically investigated under different combined exposure conditions.

Ellagic acid alleviates sepsis-induced intestinal injury by modulating gut microbiota and NF-κB-mediated MLCK/MLC signaling pathway.

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome triggered by infection. Severe sepsis is associated with dysbiosis of the intestinal flora and impaired intestinal function. Ellagic acid (EA) is a natural compound known for its ability to inhibit bacteria and viruses, thereby preventing infections.

Isolation and characterization of Proteus mirabilis bacteriophage T2 and its application.

Public health problems caused by foodborne illnesses have become increasingly serious. Although it was usually regarded as an opportunistic pathogen causing urinary tract infections in humans, recent years have seen an increasing number of foodborne infections related to P. mirabilis.

ACE2 Mitigates PEDV-induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy by Inhibiting ROS Production.

Role of ACE2 in regulating inflammatory damage has been recognized, its association with ER stress and autophagy under PEDV infection remains elusive. To clarify the above associations, this study first established a stress injury model through PEDV infection to determine whether it can induce ER stress or autophagy. Then, the relationships between ER stress, autophagy and ROS under PEDV infection were verified.

Lactylation as a metabolic-epigenetic nexus in epilepsy: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications.

Lactylation is a novel post-translational modification (PTM) mediated by lactate, which dynamically regulates protein functions and gene expression by covalently attaching lactate groups to lysine residues. Recent studies have shown that abnormal lactate metabolism not only contributes to the pathogenesis of epilepsy through microenvironment acidification but also influences neuroinflammation, energy metabolism imbalance, neurotransmitter dysregulation, synaptic plasticity, and epigenetic regulation via lactylation. This positions lactylation as a critical metabolic-epigenetic intersection in the pathological mechanisms of epilepsy.

UBQLN4 regulates seizures by promoting the proteasomal degradation of GluN2B.

Ubiquilin 4 (UBQLN4) is an important molecule that regulates protein degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. This study found that UBQLN4 expression is significantly reduced in a chronic epilepsy mouse model induced by kainic acid, primarily localized in neurons and widely distributed at excitatory post-synapses. Experiments involving adeno-associated virus-mediated overexpression or knockdown of UBQLN4 indicate that a reduction in UBQLN4 increases susceptibility to and severity of epilepsy, while its overexpression has a protective effect.

Potential molecular mechanisms explaining progressive alterations of the structural network in temporal lobe epilepsy.

The effect of recurrent seizures on the gradual deterioration of the white matter structural network and the potential molecular mechanisms that underlie the baseline and longitudinal changes in network topology in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) remain unclear. Therefore, we used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans and neuropsychiatric assessments for 28 patients with unilateral TLE at baseline and follow-up, and for 28 healthy controls (HC). The topological properties of the structural network were calculated using graph theoretical analyses.

Effectiveness of Biologics on synovitis and enthesitis using Musculoskeletal ultrasound assessment in subclinical psoriatic arthritis: A 12-week observational real-world study.

Background: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a condition that can lead to permanent joint deformities. It is crucial to find ways to prevent psoriasis (PsO) from progressing to PsA.

Objectives: To observe the short-term efficacy of biologics on synovitis and enthesitis in subclinical psoriatic arthritis (Sub-PsA) using musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS).

Klotho attenuates D-galactose-induced cardiac aging through the ROS/NLRP3/pyroptosis pathway.

Objective: Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to cardiac aging progression. Klotho, a recognised anti-aging protein, exerts protective effects against cardiac aging. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the protective effects of Klotho on D-galactose (D-gal)-induced cardiac aging and the underlying mechanisms.

Caseazins R-Y, cytotoxic podocarpane diterpenoids from Casearia kurzii.

In the present study, eight undescribed compounds, namely caseazins R-Y (1-8) were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Casearia kurzii (Flacourtiaceae). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance methods, X-ray diffraction analysis, and ECD calculations. Compound 1 was characterized as a rare 2,3-seco podocarpane carbon skeleton.

ResDeepGS: A deep learning-based method for crop phenotype prediction.

Genomic selection (GS) is a breeding technique that utilizes genomic markers to predict the genetic potential of crops and animals. This approach holds significant promise for accelerating the improvement of agronomic traits and addressing food security challenges. While traditional breeding methods based on statistical or machine learning techniques have been useful in predicting traits for some crops, they often fail to capture the complex interactions between genotypes and phenotypes.

Unveiling the Pathogenicity of Allosteric Protein Mutations via Multifaceted Feature Ensembling.

Allosteric proteins play a central role in biological processes and systems. Identifying the biological impact of mutations on allosteric proteins and the phenotypes they influence during disease initiation and progression presents a significant challenge. In theory, computational methods have the potential to facilitate the interpretation of genetic variants in allosteric proteins on a large scale.

Celecoxib blocks AKT/mTOR in AKT/YapS127A-driven intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, activating p21/p27 for cycle arrest and suppressing Mcl-1 for apoptosis.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a malignant liver tumor with insidious onset, limited treatments, and poor prognosis. Recent studies show celecoxib exerts marked cytotoxic effects on cholangiocarcinoma cell lines, suggesting its potential as an iCCA therapy. However, the potential molecular and cellular mechanisms that link celecoxib treatment to its toxicological outcomes remain unclear.

NR1I3 inhibits colorectal cancer growth by enhancing PCK1-mediated gluconeogenesis.

There is increasing evidence that nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 3 (NR1I3) plays a significant role in the progression of many malignancies. However, it is unclear whether NR1I3 suppresses colorectal cancer (CRC) growth or alters gluconeogenesis. Western blotting, flow cytometry analysis, cell proliferation, colony formation assays, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‒PCR), gluconeogenesis tests, and animal models were used to examine the functional role of NR1I3 in CRC cells.

Sex Differences in Postoperative Outcomes of Hirschsprung Disease: Propensity Score Matching Analysis.

Purpose: Sex differences in Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) incidence have been well documented, yet little is known about whether the effect of sex on postoperative outcomes. This study aims to investigate the sex differences of postoperative outcomes of HSCR using propensity score matching (PSM) analysis.

Methods: Retrospective review of 304 patients with HSCR who received single-stage laparoscopic transanal pull-through modified Swenson procedure in a single-center was conducted with assessments of clinical data.

Preparation and osteogenic properties of degradable pectin-modified magnesium oxychloride bone cement.

A novel biodegradable bone cement (PSM) was successfully developed through the modification of magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) with pectin, specifically addressing the inherent limitation of poor water resistance in conventional MOC. Properties of PSM such as washout resistance, setting time, mechanical properties and degradation properties were investigated. Results showed that PSM with 1.

Injectable and tissue adhesive chrysomycin A-laden chitosan hydrogel depot for MRSA-infected wound healing and tumor recurrence prevention.

Tumor surgery often leads to tumor residue, tissue defects, and drug-resistant bacterial infections, resulting in high recurrence rates and chronic wounds. In this study, an injectable hydrogel was synthesized using glycidyl trimethyl ammonium chloride-chitosan (GCh) and formylbenzoic acid-modified chrysomycin A (CA)-loaded F127 micelles (F127FA-CA). The formation of the hydrogel is achieved through Schiff base conjugation, which occurs between the amino groups present in GCh and the aldehyde groups located on the micelle surfaces.

Active chemical fractions with growth promotion activity of humic substances obtained from different animal manure composts.

Humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) are the most abundant components of the organic matter in the compost. However, the key chemical structures for the bioactivity of HA/FA and how these structures being affected by composting conditions are not fully understood. The changes in chemical compositions between HA and FA were primarily driven by differences in the contents of carboxyl C, aromatic C, O- alkyl C and C/N ratio.

Osteocalcin promotes mineralization in bone microenvironment via regulating hydroxyapatite formation and integration.

Within the bone microenvironment, the intricate interplay and regulation among matrix components form a complex network. Disentangling this network is crucial for uncovering potential therapeutic targets in bone pathology. Osteocalcin (OCN), the most abundant non-collagenous bone protein, is an essential node within this network.

Construction of carboxylated chitosan/unsaturated polyester resin aerogels with layered porous structures for efficient adsorption of dyes and heavy metals and rapid separation of o/w emulsions.

With the acceleration of global industrialization, a large amount of polluted wastewater is discharged indiscriminately, which both pollutes the environment and threatens human health. In this study, by constructing a binary system of unsaturated polyester resin/carboxychitosan, and improving the inherent defects of carboxychitosan aerogel, we successfully prepared aerogels with high porosity, low density, and laminar porous structure for water remediation by using a combination of the sol-gel method and directional freezing technology. Thanks to the synergistic effect of surface wettability and special pore structure, the aerogel not only adsorbs and separates MB and Pb(II) efficiently with a separation efficiency of more than 99 %, but also has a separation efficiency of 99.

Balanced biocompatibility in high-viscosity hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-based sponge containing nanoconfined silver citrate nanoparticles.

Balancing antibacterial efficacy, mechanical integrity, and biocompatibility remains a critical challenge in drug release systems for wound dressings. Many antimicrobial agents exhibit inherent cytotoxicity, compromising cell viability and tissue compatibility. To address this, an Absorbable Gelatine Sponge was synthetised based on high-viscosity hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC K100M) and loaded with silver citrate nanorods (AgCit), which confine silver nanoparticles to enable controlled ion release.

Porous SiO/ZnO-carboxymethyl cellulose composite hydrogels for enhanced hemostatic efficacy and antibacterial activity.

The development of effective hemostatic and antibacterial dressings remains a critical challenge in wound management. We report the design and fabrication of novel porous composite hydrogels composed of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), silica (SiO), and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) . The incorporation of SiO and ZnO NPs into the CMC hydrogel matrix resulted in a unique multi-scale porous structure, characterized by interconnected holes of various sizes, which significantly enhanced the hydrogel's liquid absorption capacity and mechanical strength.