Iron Coordination in PtFeCoNiMo High-Entropy Alloys Modulates Platinum Local Environments for pH-Universal Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

Developing cost-effective, stable hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts effective across pH-Universal remains challenging. This work reports a one-pot synthesized Pt-Fe-Ni-Mo-Co high-entropy alloy catalyst supported on Ketjen Black (HEA@KB) featuring stacked nanoparticles. By systematically tuning the iron coordination, the optimized HEA@KB demonstrates outstanding HER activity with low overpotentials of 12.

Tuning starch granule size distributions in durum wheat using genetic variation at a single locus.

Different missense mutations in TtMRC-A1 can be used to fine-tune granule size distributions in durum wheat grains, creating useful alterations in starch properties. The size distribution of starch granules in wheat grains influences bread- and pasta-making quality, as well as nutritional properties. Here, we demonstrate that in durum wheat, wide variation in starch granule size distributions can be induced through missense mutations at a single genetic locus encoding the MYOSIN RESEMBLING CHLOROPLAST PROTEIN on chromosome 6A (TtMRC-A1).

Health risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s in a soil-rice system in the selenium-enriched area based on Monte Carlo simulation and bioaccessibility.

Although selenium (Se)-enriched soils represent a scarce resource, heavy metal contamination has restricted their utilization. The Huigu Town region, recognized as one of China's naturally Se-enriched areas, was selected for this study. We collected 30 paired rice grain and paddy soil samples to investigate the concentrations of heavy metal(loid)s (Se, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn), pollution levels, and health risks within the soil-rice system.

A rare pediatric case of Li-Fraumeni syndrome presenting with virilization symptoms and dual primary malignancies on magnetic resonance imaging and [F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography.

This case report describes a 19-month-old boy presenting with macropenis, increased stature, and deep voice, who was diagnosed with concurrent choroid plexus carcinoma in the right lateral ventricle and left adrenocortical carcinoma. Subsequent germline testing revealed pathogenic TP53 mutations, confirming a diagnosis of Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Li-Fraumeni syndrome with primary manifestations of macropenis and accelerated linear growth has rarely been documented in the medical literature.

Mechanism of PISD/SPG7-mediated mPTP opening in necroptosis of inflammatory HaCaT cells induced by nano-zinc oxide.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNPs) are extensively used in cosmetics and topical medications and are considered safe for normal skin. However, patients with inflammatory dermatoses, who have an impaired skin barrier, may be at increased risk of percutaneous exposure to ZNPs. Limited research currently exists on the percutaneous toxicity of ZNPs in such conditions.

Potential adverse effects of skin exposure to metal nanomaterials and their underlying mechanisms.

With the advancement of nanotechnology, the extensive use of metal nanomaterials (NMs) in wound dressings, cosmetics, and other applications has heightened the risk of transdermal exposure, potentially exacerbating skin diseases, garnering growing attention from researchers. However, the specific toxic effects and underlying mechanisms have not been comprehensively updated or summarized. This article investigates the underlying mechanisms of skin toxicity induced by metal NMs, taking into account the composition and structural characteristics of the skin.

Biomimetic nano dressing in wound healing: design strategies and application.

Biomimetic nano dressings have superior biological activity, biocompatibility, and stimuli-responsive properties compared with traditional wound dressings due to their biomimetic design integration and show great potential in wound management. This review summarizes the materials and techniques used to prepare current biomimetic nano dressings, focusing on biomimetic design strategies. Moreover, we explore the application of biomimetic nano dressings in treating wounds associated with infections, burns, diabetes, and postoperative skin cancer.

Design of Heavy Agricultural Machinery Rail Transport System and Dynamic Performance Research on Tracks in Hilly Regions of Southern China.

To address the limitations of conventional single-track rail systems in challenging hilly and mountainous terrains, which are ill-suited for transporting heavy agricultural machinery, there is a critical need to develop a specialized the double-track rail transportation system optimized for orchard equipment. Recognizing this requirement, our research team designed and implemented a double-track rail transportation system. In this innovative system, the rail functions as the pivotal component, with its structural properties significantly impacting the machine's overall stability and operational performance.

Ursolic acid ameliorates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting NF-κB/NLRP3-mediated microglia pyroptosis and neuroinflammation.

Introduction: Neuroinflammation is a pivotal factor in the pathophysiology process of ischemic stroke. Undue inflammatory responses are the main cause of neuronal death and infarct enlargement after reperfusion, but there is currently no effective clinical treatment method. Pyroptosis plays an important role in post-stroke neuroinflammation.

Stimuli-responsive nanozymes for wound healing: From design strategies to therapeutic advances.

Nanozymes, which mimic the activity of natural enzymes, have demonstrated significant advantages in wound healing. Stimuli-responsive nanozymes, a novel design type developed recently, are capable of on-demand targeted release, catalytic activity modulation, and facilitating synergistic therapeutic strategies. Such advancements further enhance the safety and efficacy of nanozyme-based treatments.

The L-shaped association between weight-adjusted-waist index and all-cause mortality in individuals with psoriasis: results from NHANES database retrospective cohort study.

Background: While obesity is widely recognized as a robust risk factor contributing to both the onset and exacerbation of psoriasis-a chronic, immune-mediated skin disorder-the relationship between the Weight-Adjusted-Waist Index (WWI), an emerging metric for the nuanced evaluation of obesity, and mortality rates specifically within the psoriatic population is uncharted territory in current medical academic research. This study investigated the associations of WWI with all-cause mortality among American individuals with psoriasis.

Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2004, 2005-2006, 2009-2010, 2011-2012, and 2013-2014).

Resolving synaptic events using subsynaptically targeted GCaMP8 variants.

While genetically encoded Ca indicators are valuable for visualizing neural activity, their speed and sensitivity have had limited performance when compared to chemical dyes and electrophysiology, particularly at synaptic compartments. We addressed these limitations by engineering a suite of next-generation GCaMP8-based indicators, targeted to presynaptic boutons, active zones, and postsynaptic compartments at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction. We first validated these sensors to be superior to previous versions.

Saikosaponin C ameliorates tau-related pathology by modulating oxidative stress and MAPK axis in Alzheimer's disease.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Saikosaponin C (SSc), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, is a triterpene saponin and an active compound extracted from Radix Bupleuri. It has been demonstrated to have neuroprotective effects in cellular models of neurodegenerative diseases; however, its precise mechanism of action in alleviating tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD), as well as its potential to improve cognitive deficits in animal models, has not yet been elucidated.

Aim Of The Study: In this study, we investigated the in vivo therapeutic effects of SSc on a human tau (hTau) mouse model expressing normal hTau isoforms in terms of tau-related pathology (tauopathy) and the underlying mechanisms.

Mitochondrial Tumor Suppressor 1A Attenuates Myocardial Infarction Injury by Maintaining the Coupling Between Mitochondria and Endoplasmic Reticulum.

Background: Pathological cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of heart failure and sudden death. The detailed mechanisms underlying the transition to heart failure after MI are not fully understood. Disruptions in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria connectivity, along with mitochondrial dysfunction, are substantial contributors to this remodeling process.

Involvement of Ferroptosis in Bullous Pemphigoid Pathogenesis.

Background: Bullous pemphigoid (BP) primarily affects the elderly and frequently coexists with ferroptosis-related conditions, such as cardiovascular and immune-mediated diseases. However, little is known about how ferroptosis affects BP formation. Here, we investigate the role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of BP and its impact on disease prognosis.

Enhancing Prospective Teachers' Professional Development Through Shared Collaborative Lesson Planning.

Teacher collaboration, particularly through collaborative lesson planning, plays a key role in fostering professional development and teaching skills. This study investigates the effectiveness of the proposed Shared Collaborative Lesson Planning (SCLP) procedure in enhancing the professional development of prospective teachers through the lens of socially shared regulation of learning (SSRL). Twenty-four prospective information and technology teachers participated in two rounds of SCLP activities.

Learning Lens Blur Fields.

Optical blur is an inherent property of any lens system and is challenging to model in modern cameras because of their complex optical elements. To tackle this challenge, we introduce a high-dimensional neural representation of blur-the lens blur field-and a practical method for acquiring it. The lens blur field is a multilayer perceptron (MLP) designed to (1) accurately capture variations of the lens 2D point spread function over image plane location, focus setting and, optionally, depth and (2) represent these variations parametrically as a single, sensor-specific function.

Differential methylation patterns in cord blood associated with prenatal exposure to neighborhood crime: an epigenome-wide association study and regional analysis.

Exposure to prenatal social stressors during pregnancy is associated with adverse birth outcomes and has been linked to epigenetic changes in DNA methylation (DNAm); however, less understood is the effect of neighborhood-level stressors like crime during pregnancy on offspring DNAm. Using data from the Newborn Epigenetic Study, we conducted epigenome-wide and regional analyses of the association between exposure to neighborhood crime and DNAm in offspring cord blood using Illumina's HumanMethylation450k BeadChip among 185 mother-offspring pairs. Prenatal exposure to neighborhood crime at the census block group level was mapped to participants' residential addresses during the gestational window from the date of last menstrual period to delivery.

CellTypeAgent: Trustworthy cell type annotation with Large Language Models.

Cell type annotation is a critical yet laborious step in single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. We present a trustworthy large language model (LLM)-agent, CellTypeAgent, which integrates LLMs with verification from relevant databases. CellTypeAgent achieves higher accuracy than existing methods while mitigating hallucinations.

Beyond the Surface: Mapping DDE's Metabolic Footprint on Adolescent Obesity.

Background: Bariatric surgery is an intervention for severe obesity, leading to significant weight loss and metabolic improvements. However, the release of lipophilic chemicals accumulated in adipose tissue during weight loss presents a unique clinical challenge and research opportunity. Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) is a persistent organic pollutant increasingly recognized as obesogen, while the biological mechanisms through which DDE influences body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference remain underexplored.

Global, regional, and national liver cancer attributable to smoking and alcohol use burden, 1990-2021: analysis for the global burden of disease 2021 study.

Background: Liver cancer poses a significant global health challenge. Smoking and alcohol consumption are major risk factors for liver cancer.

Methods: We analyzed data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021.

Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors for Blood Culture-Positive Klebsiella pneumoniae Liver Abscess: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Positive blood cultures for Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess (KPLA) are associated with an increased risk of extrahepatic organ infections and severe complications such as septicemia and septic shock, leading to higher mortality rates. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with blood culture-positive KPLA and identify potential predictive indicators.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of clinical data from 263 KPLA patients diagnosed at our hospital between January 2019 and December 2023.

Zinc-mediated metalloimmunotherapy with dual elimination of tumor and intratumoral bacteria in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Metal dyshomeostasis has been implicated in the immune evasion, host-microbiota interaction and tumor progression during carcinogenesis. Specifically, zinc dyshomeostasis has been observed in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and strongly associated with Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) infection.