Decoding the complexity of homemade explosives: Forensic insights from association rule mining on 344 Chinese Case Samples.

Homemade explosives (HMEs) present significant challenges to forensic investigations due to their diverse chemical compositions and varying construction methods. Identifying the origin of these explosives is crucial for linking evidence across crime scenes. To address this challenge, this study employs an advanced data mining technique to enhance the forensic analysis of a unique dataset consisting of 344 HME samples collected from 129 real cases in China over an eight-year period (2015-2022).

Age characterization of donor based on fatty acid substances analysis in fingermarks.

As a critical frontier in forensic science, the profiling of physical evidence characteristics has garnered substantial attention. This study employed gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to investigate age-related differences in sebaceous fingermark fatty acid compositions. Fingermark samples from 80 volunteers were analyzed to characterize fatty acid profiles across different age groups.

Enhancing driving safety with customized music: A simulator study using entropy weight and Bayesian Networks.

Introduction: Listening to music while driving is a common practice. Extensive research has explored its effects on driving performance, with a growing consensus suggesting that the optimal complexity of music varies depending on different driving scenarios to maintain drivers' arousal levels. However, these optimal levels can vary significantly among individuals.

Vibration-induced drowsiness contours: New safety recommendations for the transport industry.

Introduction: Drowsiness is a significant cause of crashes in the various transport industries, including automotive, aviation, and rail. Our previous study investigated the differential induction of drowsiness in drivers caused by specific whole-body vibration (WBV) frequency ranges, with an amplitude of 0.2 m/s r.

Crafting safety in the storm: An occupational health and safety professionals' job crafting scale.

Introduction: This study aims to develop and validate a job crafting scale designed specifically for occupational health and safety (OHS) professionals working in a crisis environment. Job crafting, defined as the proactive adjustment of job roles to better align with individual preferences and strengths, is recognized as a valuable strategy for enhancing job satisfaction, engagement, and performance in various occupational settings. However, existing job crafting scales primarily focus on general work contexts and cannot fully capture the unique dimensions of job crafting relevant to OHS professionals in a crisis response context.

A dual-process model to explain the influence of decision-making failure on workers' unsafe behavior: Conscientiousness and consideration of future consequences as moderators.

Introduction: Decision-making failure is a critical factor influencing workers' unsafe behavior. While previous research has predominantly concentrated on rational decision-making failures, it has largely ignored the impact of irrational decision-making failures and the mechanisms through which these failures contribute to unsafe behaviors. This oversight limits our understanding of how unsafe behavior develops.

State of eye-tracking technology research to enhance construction safety.

Introduction: This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of the application of eye-tracking technology in construction safety, establishing a theoretical foundation and benchmark to guide future research and innovation in the field.

Method: This study identified 116 relevant papers published between 2003 and 2023 indexed by Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, and the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Library. The analysis of the 116 papers revealed trends about the dates of the publication of the papers, the locations of the research, the journals and conference proceedings that published the studies, and the extent of the collaboration between authors, which indicate that eye-tracking technology has become an important tool to enhance construction safety.

Exploring autonomous vehicle crash risk: system coupling effects and key causal factors.

Introduction: The continuous progression of autonomous driving technology is propelling the automotive industry into an unprecedented era, with the intelligence and driving safety capabilities of autonomous vehicles serving as crucial benchmarks for assessing industry development. However, crashes involving autonomous vehicles have raised concerns among both government authorities and the general public regarding this technology. Consequently, conducting a comprehensive analysis of crash causes and key causal factors holds immense significance for technological progress, personnel safety, and shaping the future direction of the automotive industry.

Investigating contributing factors to severe injuries in crashes involving motorized rickshaws in Pakistan.

Introduction: Motorized rickshaws are a common mode of urban transportation in many low and middle-income countries, particularly in South Asia (e.g., Pakistan and India).

Exploring e-scooter risk factors based on interpretable machine learning framework.

Introduction: The recent rise in e-scooter usage has reshaped urban mobility but has also led to a significant increase in e-scooter-related injuries, raising critical safety concerns. While existing research has primarily focused on post-crash medical outcomes and general risk comparisons, substantial gaps remain in identifying specific risk factors associated with e-scooter crashes and utilizing interpretable analytical approaches.

Method: This study addresses these gaps by analyzing 2,400 e-scooter crash records from the UK STATS19 database using advanced machine learning models to predict injury severity.

Safety and Effectiveness of Statins for Primary Prevention in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: An Emulation.

Background: There is no consensus for using statins for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), because no randomized controlled trial has exclusively investigated statins in this population.

Objectives: In this study, the authors sought to evaluate the long-term risks and benefits of statins for primary prevention in adults with T1DM.

Methods: We performed a sequential target trial emulation comparing statin initiation vs noninitiation using UK primary care data from the IQVIA Medical Research Data database.

5-Year Outcomes With a Novel Coronary Sirolimus-Eluting Bioresorbable Scaffold: The NeoVas Randomized Trial.

Background: Previous trials have demonstrated increased 5-year risks for adverse clinical events after coronary artery implantation of poly-l-lactic acid-based bioresorbable scaffolds (BRS) compared with cobalt chromium (CoCr) everolimus-eluting stents (EES).

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the 5-year clinical outcomes of the novel sirolimus-eluting NeoVas BRS compared with CoCr EES.

Methods: A total of 560 patients with single de novo native coronary artery lesions with reference vessel diameter 2.

Effect of an integrated care model on ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction management in China: a prospective, multicentre, non-randomised controlled study.

Background: Early reperfusion therapy is critical in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, limitations in resources and patient-level and system-level barriers delay the administration of reperfusion therapy. This study evaluated the impact of an integrated care strategy for STEMI management in China.

Trends in the incidence of lung cancer in never smokers in Eastern China: a retrospective population-based cohort study using regional electronic health records.

Objectives: Although lung cancer in never smokers (LCNSs) accounts for an estimated 25% of all lung cancer cases, the temporal trends in LCNS incidence and its broader epidemiological patterns remain poorly understood. Our study examines the temporal trends in LCNS incidence and analyses key epidemiological characteristics, specifically, the trends in mortality rates, survival rates and changes in age at onset to illuminate the reasons for temporal trends in LCNS incidence.

Design: Retrospective population-based cohort study.

Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy plus lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibitors versus lenvatinib plus PD-1 inhibitors as first-line treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma with high tumour burden and portal vein tumour thrombus (CHANCE 2416): study protocol of a multicentre, retrospective, target trial emulation design.

Background: Advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with high tumour burden and portal vein tumour thrombus (PVTT) is usually associated with poor survival outcomes. Rapid tumour control usually benefits long-term outcomes, which could be hardly achieved by solely systematic targeted and immunotherapy in current guidelines. Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) is reported as an effective intervention for rapid decrease of tumour burden.

Design of aSpiration based thrombectomy in acUte large vessel oCclusive sTroke with dIfferent etiOlogies: a real-world multiceNtre (SUCTION) study.

Introduction: Intracranial atherosclerosis is the main cause of stroke globally, with acute large vessel occlusive (LVO) stroke being a predominant contributor to stroke-related mortality. In recent years, aspiration thrombectomy (AT) has emerged as a novel therapeutic method for treating acute LVO stroke. The purpose of this study aims to investigate the safety and efficacy of AT alone or combined with stent retriever thrombectomy (SRT) in the treatment of acute LVO stroke METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a multicentre and observational real-world study involving patients diagnosed with acute LVO stroke.

Dosage and safety of transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation for managing patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Although emerging evidence supports the short-term efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), including repetitive TMS (rTMS) and theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (TBS-TMS), and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for managing patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP), their clinical utility in managing CMP remains inconclusive. This uncertainty may arise from methodological limitations, including heterogeneity in treatment parameters such as stimulation targets and dosages. Additionally, safety profiles for these non-invasive brain stimulation interventions in patients with CMP remain insufficiently reported, with limited data on adverse events, cumulative risks and long-term safety outcomes.

Effects of non-pharmacological interventions on nutrition and immune status of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients during chemoradiotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol.

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) presents significant nutritional challenges during concurrent chemoradiotherapy, adversely affecting treatment outcomes and quality of life. Non-pharmacological interventions may help improve nutritional and immune status, reduce complications and enhance overall well-being. However, evidence of their effectiveness is scattered and inconsistent, and no systematic review has yet synthesised the evidence on their effectiveness.

Proximal core strengthening training for anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention with biomechanical improvements in knee/hip kinematics and strength gains: a systematic review and meta-analysis of low-certainty evidence.

Objectives: This study evaluated the effects of proximal core training on biomechanical risk factors and strength parameters in individuals at high risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury (specifically: those exhibiting pathological movement patterns, neuromuscular deficits or biomechanical risk factors) and compared direct versus indirect interventions. We hypothesised that targeted training enhances dynamic knee stabilisation and hip control during high-risk manoeuvres, with direct approaches providing superior biomechanical benefits through neuromuscular control optimisation.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis using the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

Crystal structures of distinct parallel and antiparallel DNA G-quadruplexes reveal structural polymorphism in C9orf72 G4C2 repeats.

The abnormal expansion of GGGGCC (G4C2) repeats in the noncoding region of the C9orf72 gene is a major genetic cause of two devastating neurodegenerative disorders, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). These G4C2 repeats are known to form G-quadruplex (G4) structures, which are hypothesized to contribute to disease pathogenesis. Here, we demonstrated that four DNA G4C2 repeats can fold into two structurally distinct G4 conformations: a parallel and an antiparallel topology.

CRISPR/Cas12a DTR system: a topology-guided Cas12a assay for specific dual detection of RNA and DNA targets.

The CRISPR/Cas12a technology has revolutionized molecular diagnostics. However, existing Cas12a systems depend on continuous target DNA activation, which limits them to single-target detection. In this study, we developed a novel topology-guided Cas12a system, the double-target responsive (DTR) system, capable of being activated by noncontiguous dual RNA/DNA targets.

A Bimolecular Simultaneous Macrocyclization Strategy to Synthesize Cyclic Dinucleotide Analogues with Internucleoside Guanidinium Linkages.

Internucleoside guanidinium linkages are excellent mimics of phosphodiesters and have been used to improve the properties of oligonucleotides. Herein we reported a step economic bimolecular simultaneous macrocyclization (BSM) protocol to prepare cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) analogues with guanidinium linkages. Compared with the 26 steps protocol reported in literature, the current method could provide CDN analogues with internucleoside guanidinium linkages in 9 steps, and the key intermediate prepared in the first 3 steps could be shared to prepare CDN analogues with different nucleobases.

Management of preterm premature rupture of membranes: Antimicrobial stewardship and novel therapeutic strategies.

Purpose: Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) is a major contributor to preterm birth and is associated with increased risks of maternal and neonatal complications. The aim of this review is to summarize current antibiotic strategies and explore emerging adjunctive therapies, including probiotics, amnioinfusion, and fetal membrane repair, to improve the management of PPROM.

Methods: Relevant literature on antibiotic therapy for PPROM and emerging treatment strategies was systematically retrieved from PubMed.

Association Between Body Composition and Obesity Phenotypes in Children and Adolescents.

Assessment of influencing factors is critical for the management of different obesity phenotypes among children and adolescents. We investigated the association between body composition and metabolically unhealthy phenotypes independently or in an interaction with physical activity or sleep, among 7572 children and adolescents with normal weight or overweight/obesity from Guangzhou, China. High body fat percentage (BF%), trunk-to-limb fat ratio (T/L), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), low soft lean mass percentage (SLM%), and appendicular skeletal muscle percentage (ASM%) were all associated with increased risk of metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity (MUO) (odds ratios ranging from 1.