Novel ultrafine Pt@Fe-MIL-101 nanozyme enables robust aflatoxin B1 immunoassay in diverse marine and agricultural systems.

Background: Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) stands among the most toxic naturally occurring substances, with its acute toxicity characterized by the induction of acute hepatic necrosis, hemorrhage, and even fatal outcomes, thereby posing a profound threat to human health. Contamination of AFB1 in food commodities can arise at multiple stages throughout the production cycle, including cultivation, storage, and processing. This contamination cascade permeates the entire food supply chain, encompassing primary agricultural products as well as a diverse range of processed food items.

Cystic Echinococcosis and Taenia spp. Infections in Nigeria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence and Geographical Distribution.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) and Taenia spp. infections are major zoonotic helminthiases with substantial public health and economic burdens, particularly in endemic regions. Despite their classification as neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), these tapeworm infections remain understudied in Nigeria.

Cyclopropane xenolipids resemble monounsaturated fatty acids and modulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors.

Cyclopropane fatty acids (CpFAs) are members of the mammalian lipidome, originating from the diet and gut microbial metabolism. Despite being fully saturated, conformational modeling of CpFAs from C12 to C24 in length revealed that they are bent lipids sharing structural similarities with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). We therefore hypothesized that CpFAs might share some bioactivities with MUFAs.

Shen Ling Bai Zhu San promotes gut IgA plasma cells to alleviate chronic diarrhea in mice via increasing systematic glutamine.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Shen Ling Bai Zhu San (SLBZS) is a classical Chinese herbal formula and has been used for treating chronic diarrhea (CD) for several centuries. However, there is a lack of robust evidence on how SLBZS regulates immune function to improve CD.

Aim Of The Study: To reveal the spleen-invigorating and antidiarrheal effects of SLBZS in chronic diarrhea mice induced by spleen-deficiency, as well as to explore the underlying mechanism.

Insights into the epidemiological characteristics, temporal changepoints, and space-time clusters of foot and mouth disease outbreaks in the SEACFMD region to support eradication efforts.

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) remains endemic in several countries across Southeast Asia, China, and Mongolia (SEACFMD region), posing an ongoing threat to livestock and trade. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of FMD outbreaks reported across the SEACFMD region. FMD outbreak and virus lineage data from 2015 to 2023 were utilized.

Thioredoxin-interacting protein as a crucial regulator in asthma exacerbation induced by copper oxide nanoparticles in a mouse model.

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) are increasingly used across various industrial applications, raising concerns about their potential toxicity and necessitating comprehensive safety evaluations. In this study, we first evaluated the respiratory toxicity of CuONP exposure in a mouse model of asthma. CuONP exposure alone exacerbated asthma symptoms, as evidenced by increased airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammatory cell infiltration, and elevated cytokine production with increasing thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) expression.

Interferon-γ receptor signaling is critical for balanced immune activation and protection against influenza after vaccination.

To better understand the contribution of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) receptor signaling to vaccine-induced immunity, we employed A129 (IFN-α/β receptor-deficient) and AG129 (IFN-α/β/γ receptor-deficient) mouse models. AG129 mice induced comparable levels of virus-specific IgG after vaccination with influenza virus H5 hemagglutinin (HA) virus-like particles (VLPs). Vaccinated AG129 mice with HA VLPs exhibited impaired Th1-immune responses, lower hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titers, increased susceptibility to virus infection, and lower survival rates following influenza virus (H5N1) challenge than vaccinated A129 mice.

The investigation of bacteria in the oral of Trichomonas gallinae infected pigeons and the antibiotic resistance analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates from farm pigeons in Shandong Province of China.

While the global dissemination of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in clinical isolates from various animals is well-documented, research on Klebsiella pneumoniae in Trichomonas gallinae-infected pigeons, particularly concerning antibiotic resistance genes in China, remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between oral harmful microbiota in pigeons and T. gallinae infection, as well as to isolate K.

Maternal Phthalate Exposure Alters Prostate Proteome in Rat Offspring: Linking Omics Insights to Prostate Cancer Risk in Humans.

Background: Phthalates are compounds used as plasticizers to increase the flexibility of plastics and are considered endocrine disruptors. Some studies suggest that the origin of prostate cancer (PCa) may be associated with disturbances during embryo-fetal development. Previous data showed that perinatal exposure to the same phthalate mixture (PM) used here increased the incidence of adenocarcinomas in the prostates of aged rats.

Remodeling the sarcoma microenvironment by simultaneous targeting of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptors and epidermal growth factor receptors to promote antitumor activity.

We evaluated the antitumor effects of remodeling the MC17 mouse sarcoma microenvironment (SME) by targeting urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR)- and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-expressing cells. Specifically, we used eBAT (a bispecific ligand-targeted toxin directed to EGFR and uPAR), and its mouse counterpart, meBAT, to ablate uPAR- and/or EGFR-expressing cells. We chose the MC17 model because the cells are resistant to eBAT, allowing us to exclusively evaluate the role of uPAR- and EGFR-expressing cells in the SME.

Excess copper exposure and male reproductive toxicity: molecular mechanisms and potential interventions.

Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient in various enzymatic and physiological functions. However, excessive copper intake, mainly resulting from industrial emissions and improper agricultural practices, has raised growing concerns due to its toxicological effects, particularly on the male reproductive system. This review summarizes current research progress on copper-induced reproductive toxicity in males, emphasizing its impact on sperm quality, androgen production, and testicular structure and function.

Development of an in vitro assay using abscisic acid to study Toxoplasma gondii infectivity.

The common parasite Toxoplasma gondii can infect all warm-blooded animals, including humans. Although most infections in humans remain asymptomatic, clinical toxoplasmosis can develop into a fatal disease. Infections are usually contracted by oral ingestion of tissue cysts or oocysts contained in cat feces.

The long noncoding RNA SNHG12 defines KEAP1 stability and ferroptosis susceptibility by targeting E3 ligase TRIM25.

Ferroptosis is a novel type of programmed cell death caused by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Targeted induction of ferroptosis holds great promise for cancer treatment. SNHG, a newly recognized lncRNA family, has been reported to implicate in the proliferation, invasion, migration or drug resistance of cancer cells.

Tackling microbial resistance with 4H-chromen-4-one derivatives as a novel class of penicillin binding protein 2a inhibitors.

With the continued upsurge of antibiotic resistance and reduced susceptibility to almost all frontline antibiotics, there is a pressing need for the development of new, effective, and safe alternatives. In this study, a scaffold-hopping strategy was utilized to develop a novel class of penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a) inhibitors, centered around a 4H-chromen-4-one core structure. These newly designed compounds demonstrated strong antibacterial efficacy against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and other drug-resistant gram-positive pathogens.

Site-specific assessment of illicit drug consumption patterns in South Korea via wastewater-based epidemiology.

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is increasingly used as a complementary tool for monitoring drug use at the population level, providing anonymized, real-time estimates of community drug consumption. Site-specific applications of WBE can identify localized patterns that national or municipal surveys may overlook. This study presents the first comprehensive, site-specific assessment of illicit drug use in South Korea using WBE.

Paraspeckle protein NONO regulates active chromatin by allosterically stimulating NSD1.

Nuclear receptor binding set domain protein 1 (NSD1) is a key histone methyltransferase that catalyzes di-methylation of lysine 36 of histone H3 (H3K36me2), essential for active chromatin domains. While the loss of NSD1 activity halts embryonic development and its aberrant gain drives oncogenesis in leukemia and glioma, the regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we uncover that NSD1 requires allosteric activation through the aromatic pocket of its Pro-Trp-Trp-Pro 2 (PWWP2) domain.

T-2 Toxin Exploits Gut-Derived Staphylococcus Saprophyticus to Disrupt Hepatic Macrophage Homeostasis.

T-2 toxin, a mycotoxin that frequently causes hidden contamination in food and animal feed, poses a substantial threat to both human and animal health. Staphylococcus saprophyticus (S. saprophyticus) is an opportunistic pathogen that widely infects humans and various animals.

Efficient eukaryotic expression and potent antiviral activity of a long-acting recombinant feline interferon-ω2-Fc fusion protein against major feline viruses.

Feline interferon-ω2 (FeIFN-ω2) holds potential as a therapeutic agent against feline viral infections. However, its clinical application is limited by rapid clearance and suboptimal antiviral effectiveness. Thus, in this study, an Fc-fused construct, FeIFN-ω2-Fc, was engineered to improve antiviral potency and pharmacokinetic properties both in vitro and in vivo.

Astragalus polysaccharides restore neutrophil functions and gut microbiota homeostasis in dairy cows with subclinical ketosis.

Subclinical ketosis (SCK) in periparturient cows is associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis and energy metabolism disorders. Although in vitro studies show that free fatty acids (FFA) and BHB impair polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) functions-potentially causing secondary infections-limited in vivo evidence exists. Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) modulate metabolism, immunity, and gut microbiota, but their effects on PMN functions and gut microbiota in SCK cows remain unclear.

Network pharmacology-guided lipidomics and molecular docking reveals the involvement of sphingolipid metabolism and HIF-1 signaling in Xiaoyao San's blood-nourishing mechanism against depression.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Depression is a common psychiatric disorder and has become a growing public health issue. In the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinic, blood deficiency is a common syndrome pattern in depression. Xiaoyao San (XYS), a classic formula with the property of nourishing blood, is widely used to treat depression.

African swine fever virus-encoded pE248R protein inhibits interferon production via blocking RIG-I-mediated antiviral signaling.

African swine fever virus (ASFV) encodes multiple proteins to achieve immune escape, thereby disrupting the host's antiviral defense. This study demonstrates that the ASFV-encoded pE248R protein disrupted the Retinoic Acid-Inducible Gene I (RIG-I) mediated antiviral signaling cascade through dual regulatory mechanisms. Mechanistically, pE248R interacted with the caspase activation and recruitment domains (CARD) of RIG-I, effectively blocking its interaction with the mitochondrial adaptor MAVS.

Impact of high-flow nasal oxygen therapy on esophageal pressure and cardiovascular function in healthy, anesthetized, spontaneously breathing dogs.

Objective: To determine whether high-flow nasal oxygen therapy (HFNOT) induces changes in esophageal pressure, a surrogate for intrathoracic pressure, and to evaluate the associated cardiovascular and respiratory effects in healthy dogs.

Methods: A prospective, randomized study was conducted in 6 healthy Beagles. Anesthesia was induced and maintained using alfaxalone total IV anesthesia.