Impact of high-flow nasal oxygen therapy on esophageal pressure and cardiovascular function in healthy, anesthetized, spontaneously breathing dogs.

Objective: To determine whether high-flow nasal oxygen therapy (HFNOT) induces changes in esophageal pressure, a surrogate for intrathoracic pressure, and to evaluate the associated cardiovascular and respiratory effects in healthy dogs.

Methods: A prospective, randomized study was conducted in 6 healthy Beagles. Anesthesia was induced and maintained using alfaxalone total IV anesthesia.

Oral Peanut Immunotherapy With Butyrate Adjuvant (OPIA) in Children: A Randomised, Controlled Trial.

Background: Sustained unresponsiveness (SU) remains a major challenge for peanut OIT. The short chain fatty acid (SCFA) butyrate has the potential to upregulate regulatory T cells (Tregs) to improve long term tolerance. We conducted a superiority randomised controlled trial to assess the efficacy and safety of the addition of daily oral butyrate to peanut OIT.

Effect of experimentally induced mitral regurgitation on endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 as a biomarker of endothelial injury in dogs.

Objective: To investigate changes in plasma endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (ESM-1) concentrations following mitral regurgitation (MR) induction in dogs and to evaluate their association with established diagnostic markers of myxomatous mitral valve disease.

Methods: Purpose-bred Beagles were enrolled in a prospective, nonrandomized, controlled trial from January 2024 through March 2025. Mitral regurgitation was induced in each dog via a minimally invasive intervention under fluoroscopic guidance with mean left atrial pressure monitoring.

Prediction of Fluid Responsiveness Based on the External Jugular Vein Distensibility Index After Changes in Volume Status in Healthy, Anesthetized, and Mechanically Ventilated Dogs.

Objective: To investigate whether point-of-care ultrasound of the external jugular vein (EJV) can predict fluid responsiveness (FR) in healthy, anesthetized, mechanically ventilated dogs.

Design: Prospective, nonrandomized experimental study.

Setting: University-based small animal research facility.

Morphologic study of patent ductus arteriosus based on computed tomography data in 25 dogs.

Introduction: The objective of this study is to analyze the morphology and measurement dimensions of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) based on computed tomography images.

Methods: The present study retrospectively evaluated computed tomography angiography data from 25 client-owned dogs diagnosed with PDA. PDA was reconstructed based on the central axis and the minimum diameter, ampulla diameter, angle, ampulla cross-section area, and length values were measured at specific measurement sites.

Assessment of changes in intra-abdominal pressure and cardiac output induced by liver compression in healthy anesthetized spontaneously breathing dogs.

Objective: Liver compression (LC) has been proposed to predict fluid responsiveness in human pediatric patients. Because the evaluation of fluid responsiveness through LC depends on the mechanism of increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), understanding the impact of LC on IAP, cardiac output (CO), and respiratory parameters is essential. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of LC on these parameters.

Development of Cashew and Pistachio Ladders through a Food-Processing Approach.

Following successful oral immunotherapy (OIT) for peanut allergy using boiled peanuts (BOPI trial), this study investigated the potential of wet-thermal-processing-induced allergen modification, specifically soaking and boiling (1-4 h) to reduce the allergenicity of cashew and pistachio allergens. In addition, this study provides a foundation of understanding for developing safer forms of cashew/pistachio administration for application in OIT by gradual exposure to increasing doses of modified allergens with reduced potency as an "allergen ladder". An SDS-PAGE analysis and an intrinsic-fluorescence spectroscopy revealed altered tertiary structures of the allergens, leading to their denaturation and even degradation.

Evaluation of fluid responsiveness using liver compression in dogs with experimentally induced hypovolemia.

Objective: To investigate whether liver compression (LC) could increase stroke volume (SV) by more than 15% in healthy, anesthetized dogs with hypovolemia and suggest LC as a novel method to evaluate fluid responsiveness.

Animals: 6 healthy Beagles.

Methods: This prospective, nonrandomized experimental study was conducted from November 2023 to February 2024.

Radiographic and computed tomographic evaluation of tracheal diameter and length in kittens.

Objective: To measure the tracheal diameter and length in kittens using radiography and CT and to evaluate the concordance between measurements obtained with these 2 modalities.

Animals: 15 kittens with an estimated age of 12 weeks and mean body weight of 1.49 kg.

Analytical Methods for Allergen Control in Food Processing.

Food allergy and food-related anaphylaxis have become a growing public health and food safety issue worldwide [...

Assessment of subjective and objective masticatory function among elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment.

Background: Masticatory function is known to be related to cognitive ability; therefore, factors for improving masticatory function should be identified.

Aims: This study aimed to identify factors influencing masticatory function associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in elderly individuals.

Methods: A total of 123 elderly participants [mean age: 76.

An International First: Stakeholder Consensus Statement for Food Allergen Management in Packaged Foods and Food Service for Australia and New Zealand.

Food-allergic consumers encounter inadequate, confusing, and ambiguous allergen information for packaged and unpackaged foods. Key Australian and New Zealand allergy organizations convened multiple forums to facilitate discussions among consumers, food manufacturers, food retailers, regulatory bodies, researchers, and health professionals to develop a unified approach to improving food allergen management. The following stakeholder consensus statement provides a foundation for advocacy for improved food allergen management and safety.

Comparing the effects of hydrostatic high-pressure processing vs holder pasteurisation on the microbial, biochemical and digestion properties of donor human milk.

In this study, hydrostatic high-pressure processing (HHP), a non-thermal pasteurisation method, was used to achieve the microbiological safety of donor human milk. After HHP, no bacteria were detected in human milk processed at 400 MPa for 5 min. Activities of a selection of bioactive components, including lysozyme, xanthine oxidase, lactoperoxidase, immunoglobulin A, lactoferrin, lipoprotein lipase and bile salt-stimulated lipase, did not decrease significantly.

A Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Approach for Optimizing the Attenuation of Human IgE-Reactivity to β-Lactoglobulin (β-Lg) by Hydrostatic High Pressure Processing.

The response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) technique were used to optimize the three key process parameters (i.e., pressure, temperature and holding time) of the high-hydrostatic-pressure (HHP) processing either standalone or combined with moderate thermal processing to modulate molecular structures of β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) and α-lactalbumin (α-La) with reduced human IgE-reactivity.

Factors affecting root migration after coronectomy of the mandibular third molar.

Nerve injury especially inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) is the one of the complications that occur when the mandibular third molar (M3) is extracted and in case of high risk patients, coronectomy might be an alternative to tooth extraction. The purpose of this retrospective study was to analyze root migration and its influencing factors at 6 months after coronectomy in both 2- and 3-dimensions using periapical view and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). We analyzed 33 cases of root remnant after coronectomy and measured the amount of migration in CBCT.

Quantitative proteomics analysis of high and low polyphenol expressing recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.).

To facilitate selective breeding of polyphenol-rich peanuts, we looked for mass spectrometry-based proteomic evidence, investigating a subset of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed by the Australian peanut breeding program. To do this, we used label-free shotgun proteomics for protein and peptide quantitation, statistically analyzed normalized spectral abundance factors using R-package, as well as assayed important antioxidants. Results revealed statistically significant protein expression changes in 82 proteins classified between high or low polyphenols expressing RILs.

Intrinsic and well-defined second generation hot spots in gold nanobipyramids versus gold nanorods.

An effective strategy for regioselective modification and directional assembly of anisotropic nanoparticles is demonstrated to explore the electric field enhancement in assembled gold nanobipyramids compared with gold nanorods. The well-defined secondary plasmonic hot spots between the coupled gold nanobipyramids exhibit the capability for single molecule detection.

Foreign body removal assisted by an intraoral ultrasound probe.

Ultrasonography has recently been applied to the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery because of its noninvasiveness and ease of use. However, traditional transducers are not used in the intraoral area because of their large size. A novel intraoral transducer was introduced with size, volume, and axis modifications.

17β-Estradiol residues and estrogenic activities in the Hawkesbury River, Australia.

Two highly sensitive ELISAs for the specific detection of 17β-estradiol (E2) residues were developed, showing the limits of detection (LOD, a concentration at 15% inhibition of color development) of 0.04 ± 0.02 μg/L and 0.

A survey of 17α-ethinylestradiol and mestranol residues in Hawkesbury River, Australia, using a highly specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) demonstrates the levels of potential biological significance.

This study reports on the potential status of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) and mestranol (MeEE2) residues in aquatic environments in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, based on the analysis by a specific ELISA we developed. Polyclonal antibodies were raised against the EE2 hapten with a linker attached at the C3-position to direct the antibody binding towards the ring D of EE2/MeEE2. Using this approach, an ELISA highly specific to EE2 and MeEE2 was successfully developed, showing less than 3.

Effects of Surface Epitope Coverage on the Sensitivity of Displacement Assays that Employ Modified Nanoparticles: Using Bisphenol A as a Model Analyte.

With the ever-increasing use of nanoparticles in immunosensors, a fundamental study on the effect of epitope density is presented herein, with a small molecule epitope, on the performance of the displacement assay format in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Thiolated bisphenol A (BPA) functionalized gold nanoparticles (cysBPAv-AuNPs) and specific anti-BPA antibodies are employed for this purpose. It is shown that the displacement of cysBPAv-AuNPs bound to the immobilized antibodies was influenced by both the avidity of bound cysBPAv-AuNPs and the concentration of free BPA to displace it.

A Review of Methods for Detecting Melamine in Food Samples.

Melamine is a synthetic chemical used in the manufacture of resins, pigments, and superplasticizers. Human beings can be exposed to melamine through various sources such as migration from related products into foods, pesticide contamination, and illegal addition to foods. Toxicity studies suggest that prolonged consumption of melamine could lead to the formation of kidney stones or even death.

Biocompatible gold nanorods: one-step surface functionalization, highly colloidal stability, and low cytotoxicity.

The conjugation of gold nanorods (AuNRs) with polyethylene glycol (PEG) is one of the most effective ways to reduce their cytotoxicity arising from the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and silver ions used in their synthesis. However, typical PEGylation occurs only at the tips of the AuNRs, producing partially modified AuNRs. To address this issue, we have developed a novel, facile, one-step surface functionalization method that involves the use of Tween 20 to stabilize AuNRs, bis(p-sulfonatophenyl)phenylphosphine (BSPP) to activate the AuNR surface for the subsequent PEGylation, and NaCl to etch silver from the AuNRs.

A testosterone specific competitive enzyme immunoassay for monitoring water quality.

Testosterone, an androgen and a primary male sex hormone, migrates through the environment in ways which could pose a threat to water quality and, subsequently, environmental and human health. This paper describes the development of a direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that is capable of measuring testosterone with high specificity. The testosterone ELISA displayed the IC20 (as the limit of detection) and IC50 values of 0.