Impact of high-flow nasal oxygen therapy on esophageal pressure and cardiovascular function in healthy, anesthetized, spontaneously breathing dogs.

Objective: To determine whether high-flow nasal oxygen therapy (HFNOT) induces changes in esophageal pressure, a surrogate for intrathoracic pressure, and to evaluate the associated cardiovascular and respiratory effects in healthy dogs.

Methods: A prospective, randomized study was conducted in 6 healthy Beagles. Anesthesia was induced and maintained using alfaxalone total IV anesthesia.

Effect of experimentally induced mitral regurgitation on endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 as a biomarker of endothelial injury in dogs.

Objective: To investigate changes in plasma endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (ESM-1) concentrations following mitral regurgitation (MR) induction in dogs and to evaluate their association with established diagnostic markers of myxomatous mitral valve disease.

Methods: Purpose-bred Beagles were enrolled in a prospective, nonrandomized, controlled trial from January 2024 through March 2025. Mitral regurgitation was induced in each dog via a minimally invasive intervention under fluoroscopic guidance with mean left atrial pressure monitoring.

Prediction of Fluid Responsiveness Based on the External Jugular Vein Distensibility Index After Changes in Volume Status in Healthy, Anesthetized, and Mechanically Ventilated Dogs.

Objective: To investigate whether point-of-care ultrasound of the external jugular vein (EJV) can predict fluid responsiveness (FR) in healthy, anesthetized, mechanically ventilated dogs.

Design: Prospective, nonrandomized experimental study.

Setting: University-based small animal research facility.

Morphologic study of patent ductus arteriosus based on computed tomography data in 25 dogs.

Introduction: The objective of this study is to analyze the morphology and measurement dimensions of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) based on computed tomography images.

Methods: The present study retrospectively evaluated computed tomography angiography data from 25 client-owned dogs diagnosed with PDA. PDA was reconstructed based on the central axis and the minimum diameter, ampulla diameter, angle, ampulla cross-section area, and length values were measured at specific measurement sites.

Assessment of changes in intra-abdominal pressure and cardiac output induced by liver compression in healthy anesthetized spontaneously breathing dogs.

Objective: Liver compression (LC) has been proposed to predict fluid responsiveness in human pediatric patients. Because the evaluation of fluid responsiveness through LC depends on the mechanism of increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), understanding the impact of LC on IAP, cardiac output (CO), and respiratory parameters is essential. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of LC on these parameters.

Evaluation of fluid responsiveness using liver compression in dogs with experimentally induced hypovolemia.

Objective: To investigate whether liver compression (LC) could increase stroke volume (SV) by more than 15% in healthy, anesthetized dogs with hypovolemia and suggest LC as a novel method to evaluate fluid responsiveness.

Animals: 6 healthy Beagles.

Methods: This prospective, nonrandomized experimental study was conducted from November 2023 to February 2024.

Radiographic and computed tomographic evaluation of tracheal diameter and length in kittens.

Objective: To measure the tracheal diameter and length in kittens using radiography and CT and to evaluate the concordance between measurements obtained with these 2 modalities.

Animals: 15 kittens with an estimated age of 12 weeks and mean body weight of 1.49 kg.

Clinical application of both amniotic membranes and adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells in a cat with a large skin defect.

Surgical procedures on large skin defects can be challenging in the short term due to the size of the lesion, infection, and tissue defect. A regenerative therapy for skin wounds has been applied to promote the healing process. An 8-month-old, Korean domestic short-haired female cat, weighing 3 kg, was rescued with extensive defects on the right flank to right inguinal region caused by bite wounds.

Mitochondrial TFAM as a Signaling Regulator between Cellular Organelles: A Perspective on Metabolic Diseases.

Tissues actively involved in energy metabolism are more likely to face metabolic challenges from bioenergetic substrates and are susceptible to mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to metabolic diseases. The mitochondria receive signals regarding the metabolic states in cells and transmit them to the nucleus or endoplasmic reticulum (ER) using calcium (Ca2+) for appropriate responses. Overflux of Ca2+ in the mitochondria or dysregulation of the signaling to the nucleus and ER could increase the incidence of metabolic diseases including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Case Report: Surgical Treatment of Severe Facial Wounds and Proptosis in a Dog Due to a Traffic Accident.

Although facial wounds caused by traffic accidents in dogs are common, the surgical management of severe facial injuries involving the soft tissue, bone, dentition, nose and orbit are challenging. A 2 year-old Korean Jindo dog was diagnosed with severe skin defects of the face and proptosis caused by a vehicular accident. Along the left lateral maxilla, severe injury involving the overlying skin and platysma muscle occurred, to the extent that the middle part of the sphincter colli profundus pars intermedia muscle was exposed.

Effects of aging and exercise training on mitochondrial function and apoptosis in the rat heart.

Aging is associated with vulnerability to cardiovascular diseases, and mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in cardiovascular disease pathogenesis. Exercise training is associated with benefits against chronic cardiac diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of aging and treadmill exercise training on mitochondrial function and apoptosis in the rat heart.

Exercise and Neuroinflammation in Health and Disease.

Neuroinflammation is a central pathological feature of several acute and chronic brain diseases, including Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS). It induces microglia activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, the production of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), pro-inflammatory cytokines, and reactive oxygen species. Exercise, which plays an important role in maintaining and improving brain health, might be a highly effective intervention for preventing neuroinflammation-related diseases.

Effects of a single bout of exercise on mitochondria-mediated apoptotic signaling in rat cardiac and skeletal muscles.

This study aimed to determine the effects of a single bout exercise on mitochondria-mediated apoptotic signaling in cardiac and skeletal muscles. Fischer 344 rats (4 months old) were randomly divided into the control or a single bout of exercise group (n=10 each). The rats performed a single bout of treadmill exercise for 60 min.