Insights into the epidemiological characteristics, temporal changepoints, and space-time clusters of foot and mouth disease outbreaks in the SEACFMD region to support eradication efforts.

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) remains endemic in several countries across Southeast Asia, China, and Mongolia (SEACFMD region), posing an ongoing threat to livestock and trade. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of FMD outbreaks reported across the SEACFMD region. FMD outbreak and virus lineage data from 2015 to 2023 were utilized.

Probability of freedom from foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype Asia 1 in Southeast Asia, China and Mongolia.

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype Asia 1 has not been reported in Southeast Asia, China and Mongolia between 2018 and 2024, despite the endemicity of FMD in this region and the continued circulation of serotype Asia 1 in South Asia. While vaccines against Asia 1 are still occasionally used in this region, it is unknown whether the absence of reports indicates true disease freedom or surveillance gaps. This study aimed to estimate the sensitivity of existing passive surveillance systems, and the probability of regional freedom from serotype Asia 1 across eight countries using the scenario tree approach.

Investigating Transboundary Spread Patterns and Cluster Characteristics of Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) Outbreaks in Asia: Levering the Outbreak Data (2019-2023) to Support the LSD Prevention and Control Strategies.

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) has rapidly spread across Asia, posing significant threats to livestock industries. This study aims to examine the spatial directional trends and spatiotemporal clusters of LSD outbreaks in South, East, and Southeast Asia from January 2019 to December 2023. Official LSD outbreak data were analyzed using spatial and spatiotemporal models.

Using online public animal price data as a signal for predicting an increase in animal disease outbreak reports: a pilot study on cross-correlation modeling in Thailand.

Background: Changes in livestock prices are often linked to disease outbreaks. An animal price monitoring system has been considered a potential tool for predicting transboundary animal diseases (TADs). The aim of this study was to examine the cross-correlation between market price dynamics and disease outbreak patterns using publicly available online data to explore the potential of market prices as early indicators of impending TAD outbreaks.

Evaluating serological tests for foot-and-mouth disease while accounting for different serotypes and uncertain vaccination status.

Controlling foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) by vaccination requires adequate population coverage and high vaccine efficacy under field conditions. To assure veterinary services that animals have acquired sufficient immunity, strategic post-vaccination surveys can be conducted to monitor the coverage and performance of the vaccine. Correct interpretation of these serological data and an ability to derive exact prevalence estimates of antibody responses requires an awareness of the performance of serological tests.

Socioeconomic impacts of clinical foot-and-mouth disease and a risk-based partial vaccination campaign for smallholders in Lao People's Democratic Republic.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR). A risk-based partial vaccination campaign was implemented in Champasak, Savannakhet and Xiengkhouang Provinces in Lao PDR in 2016-2020, which had limited effects on reducing the circulation of FMD virus. The objectives of this study were to measure the socioeconomic effects of (i) a clinical FMD occurrence and (ii) the vaccination campaign on livestock production performance of smallholders in Lao PDR in 2016-2020.

Impact of risk-based partial vaccination on clinical incidence and seroprevalence of foot and mouth disease in Lao PDR.

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in the Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) and it causes economic loss to smallholder husbandry systems. An intervention programme based on a risk-based partial vaccination strategy was implemented in three provinces of Lao PDR (Champasak, Savannakhet and Xiangkhouang) to immunise domestic cattle and buffalo during 2016-2020. Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted in 2016/17 and 2020 to evaluate the impact of the vaccination programme on the prevalence of FMD virus exposure and clinical incidence of the disease.

Towards rabies elimination in the Asia-Pacific region: From theory to practice.

Rabies is a major neglected zoonotic disease and causes a substantial burden in the Asian region. Currently, Pacific Oceania is free of rabies but enzootic areas throughout southeast Asia represent a major risk of disease introduction to this region. On September 25-26, 2019, researchers, government officials and related stakeholders met at an IABS conference in Bangkok, Thailand to engage on the topic of human rabies mediated by dogs.

Foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks due to an exotic serotype Asia 1 virus in Myanmar in 2017.

In January 2017, two villages located in Rakhine State of Myanmar reported clinical signs in cattle suggestive of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection. Laboratory analysis identified the outbreak virus as FMDV serotype Asia 1, which represented the first detection of this serotype in Myanmar since 2005 and in the region of South-East Asia (SEA) since 2007. Genetic analysis revealed that the outbreak virus was different from historical viruses from Myanmar and was more closely related to viruses circulating in Bangladesh and India during 2012-2013, indicating that a novel viral introduction had occurred.

Risk factors for emergence of exotic foot-and-mouth disease O/ME-SA/Ind-2001d on smallholder farms in the Greater Mekong Subregion.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a significant endemic transboundary animal disease in Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) and throughout the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS). The disease has been shown to perpetuate the cycle of smallholder poverty through reduced animal production, plus limitations on market access for trading in livestock and their products. Despite significant national and multilateral efforts to control FMD over the past two decades, endemic FMD viruses (FMDVs) continue to circulate in Lao PDR.

Community Awareness on Rabies Prevention and Control in Bicol, Philippines: Pre- and Post-Project Implementation.

Rabies is endemic in the Philippines. To support the rabies campaign in the Bicol region at the southeastern part of Luzon, the BAI-OIE Stop Transboundary Animal Diseases and Zoonoses (STANDZ) Rabies project was implemented in the pilot provinces of Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Albay, and Masbate. A community awareness survey was conducted with the residents of these provinces to determine their knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) on rabies during the start and end of the project.

Practical inter-sectoral linking: Tool to rabies One Health coordination to the grass-roots level.

Rabies is an endemic disease in the Philippines. Addressing the disease at source, massive efforts towards dog vaccination and public awareness on rabies have been pursued by various Local Government Units (LGUs) in the country. While marked improvements have been seen, rabies continues to persist where it exists, largely owing to poor surveillance of the disease in animals and weak coordination between the human and animal health sectors.

Seroprevalence of foot-and-mouth disease in the southern provinces of Cambodia.

A serological surveillance study was conducted between March and June 2006 in the southern provinces of Cambodia to determine the prevalence and distribution of foot-and-mouth disease. Cattle and buffalo originating from eight provinces and 69 villages were sampled. The results revealed that the village level prevalence of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in the southern provinces of Cambodia was 87% with an overall individual animal prevalence of 30%.