Insights into the epidemiological characteristics, temporal changepoints, and space-time clusters of foot and mouth disease outbreaks in the SEACFMD region to support eradication efforts.

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) remains endemic in several countries across Southeast Asia, China, and Mongolia (SEACFMD region), posing an ongoing threat to livestock and trade. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of FMD outbreaks reported across the SEACFMD region. FMD outbreak and virus lineage data from 2015 to 2023 were utilized.

Probability of freedom from foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype Asia 1 in Southeast Asia, China and Mongolia.

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype Asia 1 has not been reported in Southeast Asia, China and Mongolia between 2018 and 2024, despite the endemicity of FMD in this region and the continued circulation of serotype Asia 1 in South Asia. While vaccines against Asia 1 are still occasionally used in this region, it is unknown whether the absence of reports indicates true disease freedom or surveillance gaps. This study aimed to estimate the sensitivity of existing passive surveillance systems, and the probability of regional freedom from serotype Asia 1 across eight countries using the scenario tree approach.

Investigating Transboundary Spread Patterns and Cluster Characteristics of Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) Outbreaks in Asia: Levering the Outbreak Data (2019-2023) to Support the LSD Prevention and Control Strategies.

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) has rapidly spread across Asia, posing significant threats to livestock industries. This study aims to examine the spatial directional trends and spatiotemporal clusters of LSD outbreaks in South, East, and Southeast Asia from January 2019 to December 2023. Official LSD outbreak data were analyzed using spatial and spatiotemporal models.

Using online public animal price data as a signal for predicting an increase in animal disease outbreak reports: a pilot study on cross-correlation modeling in Thailand.

Background: Changes in livestock prices are often linked to disease outbreaks. An animal price monitoring system has been considered a potential tool for predicting transboundary animal diseases (TADs). The aim of this study was to examine the cross-correlation between market price dynamics and disease outbreak patterns using publicly available online data to explore the potential of market prices as early indicators of impending TAD outbreaks.

Detection of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in the Absence of Clinical Disease in Cattle and Buffalo in South East Asia.

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is widespread throughout much of the world, including parts of South East Asia. Surveillance is often limited in endemic areas, relying predominantly on passive outbreak reporting. As part of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)'s South East Asia and China Foot-and-Mouth Disease Project (SEACFMD), field sampling was performed to help understand evidence of widespread virus exposure observed in previous studies.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus among wild birds in Mongolia.

Mongolia combines a near absence of domestic poultry, with an abundance of migratory waterbirds, to create an ideal location to study the epidemiology of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) in a purely wild bird system. Here we present the findings of active and passive surveillance for HPAIV subtype H5N1 in Mongolia from 2005-2011, together with the results of five outbreak investigations. In total eight HPAIV outbreaks were confirmed in Mongolia during this period.