Advances in UAV Remote Sensing for Monitoring Crop Water and Nutrient Status: Modeling Methods, Influencing Factors, and Challenges.

With the advancement of precision agriculture, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-based remote sensing has been increasingly employed for monitoring crop water and nutrient status due to its high flexibility, fine spatial resolution, and rapid data acquisition capabilities. This review systematically examines recent research progress and key technological pathways in UAV-based remote sensing for crop water and nutrient monitoring. It provides an in-depth analysis of UAV platforms, sensor configurations, and their suitability across diverse agricultural applications.

Unveiling Spin-Dependent Polarization Dynamics of Interlayer Excitons in TMD-Based Heterostructures.

Transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) heterobilayers with type-II band alignment provide a versatile platform for spatially separating electrons and holes, facilitating the formation of interlayer excitons with distinct spin states. While these systems show great potential, the interaction between interlayer exciton spin states and polarization optics is not yet fully understood. Here, the manipulation of interlayer exciton linear polarization is reported in a WS/WSe heterostructure integrated with low-symmetry antiferromagnetism CrOCl.

Single-cell and bulk transcriptome profiling reveals RNA-binding protein regulatory programs in cervical cancer.

The aberrant expression of RNA binding proteins (RBPs) is linked to various diseases, including cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC). However, the single-cell landscape of RBPs in CESC remains unclear. We analyzed single-cell data from 2 HPV + and 2 HPV- CESC samples to assess cell subtype composition and differential gene expression.

Structure-activity relationships of halogenated disinfectants as potent inhibitors of 5α-reductase type 1: Potential impact on neurosteroid synthesis.

Neurosteroids modulate neural function, with their synthesis dependent on 5α-reductase type 1 (SRD5A1). Dysregulation of SRD5A1 has been implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders. Halogenated disinfectants, widely used antimicrobial compounds, may modulate neurosteroidogenesis through SRD5A1 inhibition.

Impact of KDM4C on the radiosensitivity of glioblastoma cells.

Purpose: To elucidate the role of lysine-specific demethylase 4 C (KDM4C), characterized by its upregulation in glioblastoma (GBM) cells following X-ray irradiation (IR), in GBM radiosensitivity.

Materials And Methods: KDM4C overexpression in GBM cell lines U87 and U251 was investigated to determine its impact on radiosensitivity by assessing clonogenic survival, DNA damage responses, and apoptosis rates following X-ray IR. Transcriptional changes associated with KDM4C upregulation were also analyzed in U251 cells after IR exposure.

Strain-Driven Symmetry Breaking and Enhanced SHG in Centrosymmetric 1T-PtS.

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) in two-dimensional (2D) materials typically requires broken inversion symmetry, posing a fundamental constraint for nonlinear optical applications. Surprisingly, the SHG phenomenon was recently observed in centrosymmetric 1T-phase transition metal disulfide compounds (1T-TMDs), but its underlying mechanism and tunability remain elusive. Here, taking the centrosymmetric 1T-PtS as an example, we investigate the SHG responses and origin, finding a surprising giant SHG response, exhibiting intensities up to 15 times greater than noncentrosymmetric monolayer WS under the same excitation conditions.

Effects of gallates on 5α-reductase type 1: structure-activity relationship and implications for neurosteroid balance in neuropsychiatric disorders.

Neurosteroids modulate neural function, with their synthesis dependent on 5α-reductase type 1 (SRD5A1). Dysregulation of SRD5A1 has been implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders. Gallates, naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds, may modulate neurosteroidogenesis.

A CCR5 antagonist enhances the radiosensitivity of hepatocarcinoma in a mouse model.

Conventional fractionated radiotherapy (CFRT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is limited by intrinsic radioresistance. In this study, we investigated the radiosensitizing potential of maraviroc, a chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) antagonist, and its mechanistic basis in HCC. A murine HCC model was established by subcutaneous implantation of H22 cells into the hind limbs of mice.

Tailoring Exciton Anisotropy and Valley via Magnetic Layer Thickness in 2D Heterostructures.

The magnetic proximity effect offers a promising route to tailor the excitonic properties of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) via adjacent magnetic materials. While previous studies mainly focus on single-thickness magnetic materials, the layer-dependent exciton regulation remains largely underexplored. Here, ferromagnetic CrGeTe (CGT) is used as a platform to explore the exciton performance regulation of TMDCs.

Correlation analysis between semen routine parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation index in patients with semen non-liquefaction: A retrospective study.

This research investigated the correlation between routine semen parameters and the sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) in infertile males with non-liquefying semen, aiming to provide insights for infertility management. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 152 infertile males at our Andrology Department from March 2023 to March 2024, assessing differences in semen parameters and DFI based on liquefaction times and identifying influential factors on DFI. Participants were divided into two groups based on their semen liquefaction times: less than 60 min (111 patients) and 60 min or more (41 patients).

Pressure-Enhanced Interlayer Coupling and Hybridized Excitons in Twisted MoS Moiré Quasicrystals.

Moiré quasicrystals, characterized by broken translational symmetry, emerge in van der Waals (vdW) bilayers twisted 30°, resulting in unique interlayer coupling. Despite their intriguing properties, the modulation of interlayer interactions and its impact on the electronic and phononic behavior of moiré quasicrystals remain underexplored. Here, we synthesize 30° twisted MoS bilayers and employ diamond anvil cell (DAC) technology to dynamically tune their moiré phonons and excitons.

Strain-Induced Ferromagnetism and Valley Polarization Enhancement in WSe/WSe/NiPS Moiré Superlattices.

Moiré superlattices, formed by stacking layered materials with slight lattice mismatches or rotational misalignment, provide a powerful platform for engineering quantum states at the nanoscale. These systems enable precise control over exciton dynamics and correlated electronic phases through the moiré potential. While significant progress has been made in understanding moiré excitons in twisted bilayer systems, their integration with magnetic materials for tunable excitonic control remains challenging.

Comparative Analysis of Long-Term Outcomes Between Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging with Indocyanine Green-Guided Mediastinal Lymphadenectomy and Conventional Surgery for Esophageal Cancer.

Background: This study aimed to compare the long-term oncologic outcomes of NIRF-guided mediastinal lymphadenectomy during esophagectomy with those of conventional surgery.

Methods: The study enrolled consecutive patients who underwent esophagectomy for esophageal cancer by a single surgical team between September 2017 and July 2021. Patients treated after September 2019 received NIRF-guided mediastinal lymphadenectomy (NIRF group) and were compared with the earlier cohort (historical control group).

Enhancing vascular implants with heparin-polylysine-copper nanozyme coating for synergistic anticoagulation and antirestenotic activity.

Re-establishing blood flow through vascular implants, such as stents, faces significant challenges, including late stent thrombosis (LST) and in-stent restenosis (ISR). Strategies to overcome these issues focus on enhancing stent surfaces with anticoagulant, pro-endothelialization, and anti-neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) properties. However, achieving all of these functionalities typically requires complex surface modifications.

Identification of RASL11A as a gene conferring radiosensitivity in glioblastoma.

Purpose: Radioresistance poses a significant challenge in the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). This study investigates the role of Ras-like protein family member 11 A (RASL11A), which is upregulated in GBM cells following X-ray irradiation (IR), in modulating radiosensitivity.

Materials And Methods: The mRNA-seq data comprising 699 human glioma samples of different grades from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was analyzed to explore the relationship between RASL11A expression and clinical outcomes in glioma patients.

Lower limb motor imagery EEG dataset based on the multi-paradigm and longitudinal-training of stroke patients.

Motor dysfunction is one of the most significant sequelae of stroke, with lower limb impairment being a major concern for stroke patients. Motor imagery (MI) technology based on brain-computer interface (BCI) offers promising rehabilitation potential for stroke patients by activating motor-related brain areas. However, developing a robust BCI-MI system and uncovering the underlying mechanisms of neural plasticity during stroke recovery through such systems requires large-scale datasets.

Substituent effect on the ligand-centred electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution of antimony(III) corroles.

A series of antimony(III) triaryl corroles bearing different numbers of -pentafluorophenyl substituents was synthesized and evaluated as catalysts for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Introduction of the electron-withdrawing pentafluorophenyl group to the corrole macrocycle led to a significant boost in electro-catalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity in organic and aqueous media, highlighting the tunability of these complexes for enhanced catalytic activity.

Characteristics analyses and tumor staging proposal for primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus: a retrospective study.

Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus (PMME) is a malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. This study aimed to conduct survival analysis for patients with PMME and propose a staging system for PMME. Data from 179 patients were compiled for survival analysis and to propose a staging system for PMME.

Chitosan/Alginate-Based Hydrogel Loaded With VE-Cadherin/FGF as Scaffolds for Wound Repair in Different Degrees of Skin Burns.

Burns are complex traumatic injuries that lead to severe physical and psychological problems due to the prolonged healing period and resulting physical scars. Owing to their versatility, hydrogels can be loaded with various functional factors, making them promising wound dressings. However, many hydrogel dressings cannot support cell survival for a long time, thereby delaying the process of tissue repair.

Hand Dexterity Recovery Capacity for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy With Varying Levels of Impairment: A Prospective 1-Year Follow-up Study.

Objective: This study aimed to elucidate the hand function recovery capacity of degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) patients with different severities of hand dexterity impairment.

Methods: Hand functional outcome measures such as the 10-second grip and release (10s-G&R) test, modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) upper extremity score and Japanese Orthopaedic Association Cervical Myelopathy Evaluation Questionnaire (JOACMEQ) upper extremity function were collected before surgery and at the 1-year follow-up. A total of 102 DCM patients were categorized into mild, moderate and severe group based on the preoperative 10s-G&R test result.

LOX-1-Based Assembly Layer on Devices Surface to Promote Endothelial Repair and Reduce Complications for In Situ Interventional Plaque.

Rapid endothelialization and functional recovery are considered as promising methods to extend the long-term effectiveness of cardiovascular implant materials. LOX-1 participates in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis and is highly expressed in a variety of cells involved in atherosclerosis, hence it is feasible to accelerate the recovery of endothelial function and inhibit the development of existing plaques by regulating LOX-1. Herein, the surface is modified with Poly I, a LOX-1 inhibitor, using rich amino dendritic macromolecules (PAMAM) as the linker coating, to against the pathological microenvironment.

Changes in the microflora on the seed surface and seed vigor of maize (Zea mays) under different conditions.

Seed vigor encompasses the germination capacity, ability to form seedlings, and potential for production of seeds, and during storage, the deterioration of seed vigor is an inevitable biological process. However, changes in the microflora of the seed surface and seed vigor under different storage conditions have rarely been studied. In this study, the changes in fungal species on the surface and embryo and their effects of the hybrid maize cultivar Zhengdan958 seeds under different storage conditions were studied.

Repairing effect of magnesium oxychloride cement modified by γ-polyglutamic acid and chitosan in osteoporotic bone defect.

Magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) has the advantage of high early strength. However, it has the defect of poor water resistance. Considering this performance, we use γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) and chitosan (CS) to modify MOC.

Assessing and improving the high uncertainty of global gross primary productivity products based on deep learning under extreme climatic conditions.

Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) is a crucial indicator of the carbon fixed by plants through photosynthesis, playing a vital role in understanding and managing ecological and environmental processes. However, global warming, characterized by elevated temperatures, water shortage, and increased drought stress, has significantly impacted GPP. Various GPP products based on different algorithms and input data have been developed, but their performance under extreme climatic conditions remains unverified.