Fabrication and performance of biodegradable poly (lactic acid)/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) composites by regulating the dispersed rice husk with the silane coupling agent and alkaline.

Mixing poly (lactic acid) (PLA) with another biodegradable resin, poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), is a simple strategy to toughen PLA, but its effectiveness is limited, and stiffness is usually compromised. As a consequence, the simultaneous enhancement of strength and toughness in PLA has become of significant challenge in materials driven by growing demand for green polymers in expanded biodegradable fields. In this study, we design and fabricate a novel PLA composites based on a facile processing route consisting of rice husk modified with the silane coupling agent and alkaline (RHM) as the reinforcing agent, and PBAT grafting glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) as the toughening agent.

DTI-BGCGCN: A novel bipartite graph-based cluster graph convolutional network for drug-target interaction prediction in modern and traditional chinese medicine.

Accurate prediction of Drug-Target Interactions (DTIs) is crucial for drug discovery and development. While current research focuses predominantly on modern medicine, we propose DTI-BGCGCN, a novel predictive model that integrates a bipartite drug-target attribute graph with a Cluster Graph Con- volutional Network (ClusterGCN) for both modern and traditional Chinese medicine. Our approach employs a bipartite attribute graph to efficiently en- capsulate drug-target relationships and common features, while ClusterGCN classifies different graph topological structures and expedites the training process.

Construction of Antibacterial MoS-ACF Phenotype Switcher for Bidirectionally Regulating Inflammation-Proliferation Transition in Wound Healing.

The transition between the inflammatory phase and the proliferative phase is critical for wound healing. However, the development of proper switchers that can regulate this transition is facing great challenges. Macrophages play versatile roles in all wound healing phases because they can readily switch from pro-inflammatory M1 phenotypes to anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes in response to different microenvironment stimuli.

Carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate-enhanced hydrogel for carbon dots loading: A novel platform for pH sensing and sensitive detection of Al and Ag.

To address the challenges associated with the storage and application of traditional carbon dot (CDs) solutions, this study introduces a cyan fluorescent carbon dot-based hydrogel (CDs-SCH). The hydrogel was synthesized by integrating cyan fluorescent CDs, derived from penicillamine and m-phenylenediamine, with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and sodium alginate (SA), which was then mixed with acrylamide (AM). The resulting CDs-SCH hydrogel was extensively characterized, focusing on its morphology, chemical structure, and fluorescence behavior.

ADAMT: Adaptive distributed multi-task learning for efficient image recognition in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks.

Distributed machine learning in mobile adhoc networks faces significant challenges due to the limited computational resources of devices, non-IID data distribution, and dynamic network topology. Existing approaches often rely on centralized coordination and stable network conditions, which may not be feasible in practice. To address these issues, we propose an adaptive distributed multi-task learning framework called ADAMT for efficient image recognition in resource-constrained mobile ad hoc networks.

Multifunctional composite hydrogels based on hydroxypropyl cellulose for catalytic degradation of organic pollutants and high-performance wearable sensors.

In this paper, the dispersion stability of graphene was effectively promoted by the introduction of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), a novel composite hydrogel PAM-LMA-PDA@TiO-GN was prepared. Polyacrylamide (PAM) provided the basic three-dimensional network structure, lauryl methacrylate (LMA), as the hydrophobic monomer, constructed the hydrophobic associative micro-regions inside the hydrogel, which enhanced the structural stability, and polydopamine-coated TiO (PDA@TiO), as a nano-toughness enhancement point, which endowed the hydrogel with a stress and strain of 1026 kPa and 2519 %, respectively. Hydrogels loaded with Ag nanowires (Ag NWs) and graphene (GN) were prepared using Ag nanowires as the intercalating agent, graphene as the substrate and hydrogel as the carrier, graphene and Ag nanowires endow the hydrogels with excellent electron transport capabilities.

Ionic Liquid-Based Polarity-Adjustable Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction Followed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode-Array Detection for the Determination of Liposoluble Anthraquinones in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. Root.

A simple, green, and efficient ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvents (DESs) extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector was established to detect four liposoluble anthraquinones in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. root. In this study, a series of polarity-adjustable DESs were prepared using n-hexanol and tetrabutylammonium chloride, and their structure, density, viscosity, pH, and thermal stability were determined.

Cellulose-based organohydrogels for energy storage achieving high conductivity and wide temperature tolerance from -40 °C to 100 °C.

In recent years, energy shortage and climate change have been increasingly serious, so that cellulose-based hydrogel solid electrolytes hold great promise for safe, sustainable and efficient energy storage materials. However, it is challengeable to simultaneously achieve high conductivity, excellent mechanical properties and wide temperature range of hydrogel solid electrolytes. Here, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) was introduced for constructing ion migration channels and polymer skeleton of dual-network organohydrogels.

Boron dipyrromethene fungicide for anti-microbial photodynamic therapeutics.

Due to inadequate light transmission into the subsurface, one of the key challenges for conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT) is realizing successful treatment of deep-skin pathogenetic bacterial infectious wounds. Preparation of near-infrared (NIR) photosensitizers (PSs) with potent antibacterial activity is a potential solution to address this issue. In the present work, a boron dipyrromethene (BDP) derivative was synthesized, which had red light absorption and NIR fluorescence.

The Extension Arm Design Method Based on a Two-Bar Tension Stretchable Mechanism.

The deployable and foldable structure is a unique structural system that provides convenience in terms of transportation and expansion. Although the current deployable mast can transition between closed and extended structures, it lacks stability during movement and does not have the ability to recover on its own after contracting. Hence, improving the stability of deployable mechanisms while enabling them to self-restore has become an essential area for development.

A Method for Mounting Space Telescope Optical Systems Based on the Sensitivity Matrix of Intrinsic Coefficients.

Aperture space telescopes are widely used in space debris size information detection and celestial body detection work. For the problem of limited space inside the optical system of large aperture telescopes, a space telescope mounting method based on the intrinsic coefficient sensitivity matrix is proposed by combining the wavefront detection technology. Compared with the traditional sensitivity matrix method, the method in this paper does not need to partition the detector and simplifies the construction of the wavefront reconstruction matrix.

Pharmacological Mechanism and Drug Research Prospects of Ginsenoside Rb1 as an Antidepressant.

This review explores the antidepressant effects of ginsenoside Rb1, a natural compound in traditional Chinese medicine, and its potential for treating major depressive disorder (MDD). The aetiology of depression was reviewed up to 2024, focusing on the pathways and mechanisms through which ginsenoside Rb1 may exert its effects. Notably, ginsenoside Rb1 regulates oxidative stress and inflammatory processes while enhancing neural plasticity by downregulating miR-134 expression and alleviating depressive symptoms.

In-situ dynamic correction of progressive ablation fluctuations in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) using Raman spectroscopy and deep learning.

Correcting dynamic fluctuations in Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) due to the interaction between a continuously pulsed laser and the sample remains a critical challenge in enhancing LIBS as a high-precision analytical tool. In this study, we developed an in-situ dynamic correction method based on Raman spectroscopy to optimize and correct fluctuation characteristics during the LIBS dynamic ablation process. Initially, a continuous LIBS ablation model of a metallic sample was constructed, revealing that the plasma temperature follows a Gaussian distribution, and the dynamic ablation mechanism of sample under continuous laser pulses was analyzed.

Simulation and experimental verification of the precision finishing method for optical free-form surface segmentation.

Optical free-form surfaces are often used to manufacture optical components such as lenses and mirrors, and free zone surface optical components are widely used in aerospace optics. To address the issues of low processing quality and overall efficiency in the machining of aluminum alloy free-form surfaces, an efficient numerical control machining method based on surface segmentation has been proposed. The segmentation of free-form surfaces is divided into two stages: the recognition of surface partitions and the determination of surface boundaries.

Multifunctional moisture-driven energy generator for intergation application and thermal-management.

The moisture-driven energy generator (MEG) represents an attractive clean energy strategy in hydropower and photovoltaic technologies. However, despite its potential, MEG still faces challenges in practical applications due to the limitations of single-mode power generation and insufficient output performance. An evaporation-driven dual-layer hydrogel MEG has been developed, which efficiently and stably harvests energy through the synergistic effect between water molecule evaporation and the ion concentration gradient.

Ultralight, Elastic, Thermally Insulating, and High-Temperature Resistant AlO-SiO-BO Nanofibrous Aerogels Prepared via the Direct Foaming Method.

Ceramic nanofibrous aerogels exhibit ultralow density and thermal conductivity, which make them ideal candidates for thermal protection in extreme environments. However, the current limitations in pore-forming techniques hinder their further advancement. In this study, ultralight, highly elastic, and high-temperature-resistant ceramic nanofibrous aerogels were successfully prepared through the direct foaming method using flexible AlO-SiO-BO nanofibers as raw materials and Tween 80 as the foaming agent.

Qualitative and Quantitative Transformer-CNN Algorithm Models for the Screening of Exhale Biomarkers of Early Lung Cancer Patients.

Electronic nose (E-nose) has been applied many times for exhale biomarker detection for lung cancer, which is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. These noninvasive breath testing techniques can be used for the early diagnosis of lung cancer patients and help improve their five year survival. However, there are still many key challenges to be addressed, including accurately identifying the kind of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) biomarkers in human-exhaled breath and the concentrations of these VOCs, which may vary at different stages of lung cancer.

Enhanced proton conductivity of main/side chain bi-sulfonated polybenzimidazoles via embedment of fluorinated modified MOF-801 for vanadium redox flow batteries.

The development of low-cost membranes with high ion-selectivity is crucial for facilitating the practical application of vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). In this study, sulfonated polybenzimidazole grafted with benzenesulfonic acid side chains was used as the polymer matrix, and fluorine-containing modified MOF-801 (FM) was incorporated to prepare a series of membranes for VRFB applications. The enhancement of proton conductivity and reduction of area resistance can be attributed to several factors: acid-base interactions, the microphase-separated structure of the grafted side chains, the intrinsic conductivity of MOF-801, and the extensive hydrogen-bonding network established through fluoride modification.

Platycodon grandiflorum-derived extracellular vesicles suppress triple-negative breast cancer growth by reversing the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and modulating the gut microbiota.

Despite the approval of several artificial nanotherapeutics for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), significant challenges, including unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes, severe side effects, and the high cost of large-scale production, still restrict their long-term application. In contrast, plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) exhibit promising potential in cancer therapy due to their negligible systemic toxicity, high bioavailability and cost- effectiveness. In this study, we developed an alternative strategy to inhibit TNBC via Platycodon grandiflorum (PG)-derived extracellular vesicles (PGEVs).

3D Janus sponge with controllable pore size for stable separation of oil-water emulsion and dye contaminants.

The development of separation materials with high flux, anti-oil fouling, long-term stability, and the ability to remove various pollutants is an urgent requirement in the field of oil-water separation. Herein, we designed a Janus sponge with multiple separation functions. Specifically, we first prepared the PCA-CS gel coating on the polyurethane (PU) sponge through the co-deposition of protocatechuic acid (PCA) and chitosan (CS), and then Janus sponge was obtained through bottom-up approach of adsorbing stearic acid (SA) and an ethanol suspension of titanium dioxide (TiO).

Legged Robot with Tensegrity Feature Bionic Knee Joint.

Legged robots, designed to emulate human functions, have greatly influenced numerous sectors. However, the focus on continuously improving the joint motors and control systems of existing legged robots not only increases costs and complicates maintenance but also results in failure to accurately mimic the functionality of the human skeletal‒muscular system. This study introduces a bionic legged robot structure that leverages the tensegrity principle, drawing inspiration from the human leg's structural morphology and kinematic mechanisms.

In-Situ Electrospinning Dressings Loaded with Kaempferol for Reducing MMP9 to Promote Diabetic Ulcer Healing.

Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are often associated with persistent inflammatory response, impaired macrophage polarization, and slow vascular regeneration. Existing treatments cannot be adapted to wounds and do not achieve the desired therapeutic effects. The high porosity of biomaterials induces more M2 macrophages, while the natural compound kaempferol inhibits the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and thus inhibits the associated inflammatory and immunological responses.

Photochemical bomb: Precision nuclear targeting to activate cGAS-STING pathway for enhanced bladder cancer immunotherapy.

Activating the cGAS-STING pathway presents a promising strategy to enhance the innate immunity and combat the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. One key mechanism for triggering this pathway involves the release of damaged DNA fragments caused by nuclear DNA damage. However, conventional cGAS-STING agonists often suffer from limited nucleus-targeting efficiency and potential biotoxicity.

Cellulose-enhanced MoS bifunctional hydrogel for efficient methylene blue degradation, human body sensing, and recyclability.

In this study, the dispersion behavior of MoS₂ in ionic liquids (ILs) with varying alkyl chain lengths was the primary focus of investigation, followed by the design of a novel PAM/SMA/CMC/PDA@MoS hydrogel. By optimizing the concentrations of CMC and PDA@MoS, a bifunctional hydrogel with both sensing and catalytic functions was successfully developed. Mechanical tests revealed that the PAM/SMA/CMC/0.

Event-Trigger Reinforcement Learning-Based Coordinate Control of Modular Unmanned System via Nonzero-Sum Game.

Decreasing the position error and control torque is important for the coordinate control of a modular unmanned system with less communication burden between the sensor and the actuator. Therefore, this paper proposes event-trigger reinforcement learning (ETRL)-based coordinate control of a modular unmanned system (MUS) via the nonzero-sum game (NZSG) strategy. The dynamic model of the MUS is established via joint torque feedback (JTF) technology.