Polymerization of L-Arginine into Nanomicelles for Immunometabolic Engineering of Adoptive Macrophages in Solid Tumor Therapy.

The therapeutic efficacy of adoptive cell therapy is highly dependent on the status and function of the infused cells. However, insufficient nutrient availability within the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) often impedes these cells from fully exerting their cytotoxic potential against solid tumors. Here, we present a strategy of integrating adoptively transferred macrophages with intracellular nutrient depots composed of L-arginine-based nanomicelles to provide a sustainable supply of essential metabolite and optimize the cellular activity in the nutrient-deprived TME.

Dietary Supplementation of Novel Aflatoxin Oxidase CotA Alleviates Aflatoxin B-Induced Oxidative Stress, Lipid Metabolism Disorder, and Apoptosis in the Liver of Japanese Quails.

This research explored the role of aflatoxin oxidase CotA in mitigating aflatoxin B (AFB)-induced hepatotoxicity in Japanese quails. A total of 225 female Japanese quails, aged two weeks, were randomly assigned to three dietary groups: a control diet, an AFB-contaminated diet, and an AFB-contaminated diet supplemented with aflatoxin oxidase CotA for three weeks. The results indicate that quails receiving the AFB-contaminated diet exhibited reduced body weight gain, pronounced vacuolar degeneration within hepatocytes, and inflammatory cell infiltration.

An orally administered gene editing nanoparticle boosts chemo-immunotherapy in colorectal cancer.

Chemoresistance and immunosuppression are common obstacles to the efficacy of chemo-immunotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC) and are regulated by mitochondrial chaperone proteins. Here we show that the disruption of the tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1) gene, which encodes a mitochondrial chaperone in tumour cells, causes the translocation of cyclophilin D in tumour cells. This process results in the continuous opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, which enhances chemotherapy-induced cell necrosis and promotes immune responses.

Still a Long Way to Go, the Potential of ChatGPT in Personalized Dietary Prescription, From a Perspective of a Clinical Dietitian.

Objective: Prominent large language models, such as OpenAI's Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT), have shown promising implementation in the field of nutrition. Special care should be taken when using ChatGPT to prescribe protein-restricted diets for kidney-impaired patients. The objective of the current study is to simulate a chronic kidney disease (CKD) patient and evaluate the capabilities of ChatGPT in the context of dietary prescription, with a focus on protein contents of the diet.

Reprogramming of lipids and amino acids metabolism is an early event in myocardium of type 1 diabetic rhesus monkeys.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) refers to the abnormal myocardial structure and performance induced by diabetes. Although numerous studies have been carried out, the pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiovascular disorders during diabetes have not been fully clarified. Here, we compared the cardiomyopathy of healthy rhesus monkeys and rhesus monkeys with a history of streptozocin induced type 1 diabetes (T1D) over 7 years.

Telemedicine in home enteral nutrition: a structured survey exploring acceptability, preferences and experiences among patients.

Background: Given that Telemedicine are widespread in China, and we have developed home enteral nutrition service with telemedicine (HENST) to satisfy HEN requirement of patients. However, only little is known about patient's experience of HENST model. The objective of this interview study was to explore patient's experiences and improvement direction of the HENST model.

Cationic Magnetic Nanoparticles Activate Natural Killer Cells for the Treatment of Glioblastoma.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioblastoma (GBM) severely hinder the infiltration and activity of natural killer (NK) cells, thereby reducing their clinical efficacy in GBM treatment. To address this challenge, we introduced an engineered living material, HEFDS-NK cells, designed to enhance the penetration of NK cells across the BBB and improve their cytotoxicity against GBM. HEFDS comprises magnetic nanoparticles modified using cationic polyethylenimine (PEI), selenocysteine (Sec), and sodium hyaluronate (HA) and cocultured with NK cells to form HEFDS-NK cells.

Trehalose Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Regulating IRE1α-TFEB Signaling Pathway.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by hepatic lipid deposition, is one of the most prevalent chronic metabolic disorders globally, and its pharmaceutical treatments are still limited. Excessive lipid accumulation triggers endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy flux dysfunction, which are important mechanisms for NAFLD. Trehalose (Tre), a natural disaccharide, has been identified to reduce hepatic steatosis and glucose intolerance.

Lactate/Cysteine Dual-Consuming Probiotic-Nanomedicine Biohybrid System for Enhanced Cancer Chemo-Immunotherapy.

Immunotherapy is revolutionizing oncology, but its therapeutic efficiency is still limited by the off-target toxicities and poor antitumor immune responses. By integrating the drug-loaded nanoparticles (DMnSH) with the unique metabolic traits of (Vei), a probiotic-nanomedicine conjugate Vei@DMnSH biohybrid is elaborately designed for enhanced cancer chemo-immunotherapy. Specifically, Vei@DMnSH can accumulate in hypoxic tumor sites and simultaneously consume lactate and cysteine to reverse the lactate-associated immunosuppression and impede the biosynthesis of GSH.

Enzymatic Oxidation of Aflatoxin M in Milk Using CotA Laccase.

Aflatoxin M (AFM) in milk poses a significant threat to human health. This study examined the capacity of CotA laccase to oxidize AFM. The optimal conditions for the CotA laccase-catalyzed AFM oxidation were observed at pH 8.

Oral -Guided Enzyme Prodrug Therapy Combined with Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Orthotopic Colorectal Cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major global health concern, and the development of effective treatment strategies is crucial. Enzyme prodrug therapy (EPT) shows promise in combating tumors but faces challenges in achieving sustained expression of therapeutic enzymes and optimal biological distribution. To address these issues, a fungi-triggered in situ chemotherapeutics generator (named as SC@CS@5-FC) was constructed via oral delivery of a prodrug (5-fluorocytosine, 5-FC) for the treatment of orthotopic colorectal tumor.

Curcumin alleviates zearalenone-induced liver injury in mice by scavenging reactive oxygen species and inhibiting mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.

Curcumin (CUR) is a compound extracted from turmeric that has a variety of functions including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. As an estrogen-like mycotoxin, zearalenone (ZEN) not only attacks the reproductive system, but also has toxic effects on the liver. However, whether CUR can alleviate ZEN-induced liver injury remains unclear.

Comparison of the effects of monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids on the lipotoxicity of islets.

Background: Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been reported to combat saturated fatty acid (SFA)-induced cellular damage, however, their clinical effects on patients with metabolic diseases such as diabetes and hyperlipidemia are still controversial. Since comparative studies of the effects of these two types of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) are still limited. In this study, we aimed to compare the protective effects of various UFAs on pancreatic islets under the stress of SFA-induced metabolic disorder and lipotoxicity.

Formed Microalgae-Integrated Living Hydrogel for Enhanced Tumor Starvation Therapy and Immunotherapy through Photosynthetic Oxygenation.

The effectiveness of various cancer therapies for solid tumors is substantially limited by the highly hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, a microalgae-integrated living hydrogel (ACG gel) is developed to concurrently enhance hypoxia-constrained tumor starvation therapy and immunotherapy. The ACG gel is formed following intratumoral injection of a biohybrid fluid composed of alginate, , and glucose oxidase, facilitated by the crossing-linking between divalent ions within tumors and alginate.

Comparison of the Effects of Monounsaturated Fatty Acids and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Liver Lipid Disorders in Obese Mice.

Obesity is a recognized epidemic worldwide, and the accumulation of excess free saturated fatty acids (SFAs) in cells induces cellular lipotoxic damage and increases the risk of a wide spectrum of metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2D) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been reported to combat SFA-induced cellular damage. However, the comparative studies of the two types of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) are still limited.

Nanoparticles Hitchhike on Monocytes for Glioblastoma Treatment after Low-Dose Radiotherapy.

Glioblastomas (GBMs) are aggressive primary brain tumors with fatal outcome. Traditional chemo-radiotherapy has poor therapeutic effect and significant side effects, due to the drug and radiotherapy (RT) resistance, natural blood-brain barrier, and high-dose RT damage. Even more, tumor-associated monocytes (macrophages and microglia, TAMs) constitute up to 30%-50% of the GBM cellular content, and the tumor microenvironment (TME) in GBM is extremely immunosuppressive.

Clinical nutrition service capacity of 445 secondary or above hospitals in Sichuan, China: the 2021 annual survey.

Background And Objectives: To investigate the capacity of clinical nutrition services in secondary and tertiary hospitals in the Sichuan Province, China.

Methods And Study Design: Convenience sampling was used. E-questionnaires were distributed to all eligible medical institutions in Sichuan through the official network of provincial and municipal clinical nutrition quality control centers.

A Microbial Community Cultured in Gradient Hydrogel for Investigating Gut Microbiome-Drug Interaction and Guiding Therapeutic Decisions.

Despite the recognition that the gut microbiota acts a clinically significant role in cancer chemotherapy, both mechanistic understanding and translational research are still limited. Maximizing drug efficacy requires an in-depth understanding of how the microbiota contributes to therapeutic responses, while microbiota modulation is hindered by the complexity of the human body. To address this issue, a 3D experimental model named engineered microbiota (EM) is reported for bridging microbiota-drug interaction research and therapeutic decision-making.

Impact of oral nutrition supplementation on outcomes of esophageal cancer patients treated with chemotherapy: A retrospective cohort study with propensity score matching.

Objective: There is a lack of evidence regarding the outcomes of oral nutrition supplementation (ONS) in patients with esophageal cancer (EC) who received chemotherapy treatment. The aim of this study was to perform a retrospective cohort study by comparing an adequate ONS group with a control group.

Materials And Methods: The study was performed in the Oncology Department of West China Hospital of Sichuan University.

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Standardized Clinical Nutrition Diagnosis and Treatment Pathway in Patients with Pulmonary Infection.

Objective: From the perspective of economics, this study discusses the value of establishing a standardized clinical nutrition diagnosis and treatment pathway in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary infection and provides a reference for optimizing the diagnosis and treatment pathway of pulmonary infection.

Methods: The patients who received the nutrition diagnosis and treatment pathway intervention in 2017 were counted as the routine group and were subdivided into the conventional intervention group (C1) and conventional control group (C2) according to whether the standardized nutrition therapy was applied or not. The patients who received the nutrition diagnosis and treatment pathway intervention in 2020 were counted as the experimental group and were subdivided into the experimental intervention group (T1) and the experimental control group (T2) according to whether standardized intervention was applied or not.

Efficacy of -3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Patients with Lung Cancer Undergoing Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy: A Meta-Analysis.

Background: Radiotherapy and chemotherapy in patients with lung cancer can lead to a series of problems such as malnutrition and inflammatory reaction. Some studies have shown that -3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) could improve malnutrition and regulate inflammatory reaction in these patients, but no relevant meta-analysis exists.

Methods: We systematically searched randomized controlled trials of -3 PUFAs in the adjuvant treatment of lung cancer in the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang databases.

Dietary iodine intake and urinary iodine concentration during pregnancy in Chengdu, China.

Background And Objectives: An adequate iodine status during pregnancy is very important for maternal and infant health. The aim of this study was to characterize the iodine nutritional status of healthy pregnant women in Chengdu by measuring urinary iodine (UI) and analyzing dietary iodine intake.

Methods And Study Design: Pregnant women who underwent regular antenatal examinations were invited to participate in this study.

Cruciferous vegetable and isothiocyanate intake and multiple health outcomes.

Isothiocyanates, bioactive phytochemicals of cruciferous vegetables, have chemopreventative efficacy. To clarify evidence of associations between cruciferous vegetable and isothiocyanate intake and various health outcomes, we conducted an umbrella review of meta-analyses and systematic reviews in humans. A total of 413 articles were identified, and 57 articles with 24 health outcomes were included.