Water-soluble ratiometric fluorescent probe for dual-channel and naked-eye detection of heavy water.

Heavy water (DO) is critical in diverse scientific and industrial applications, yet its discrimination from ordinary water (HO) remains challenging due to their similar physicochemical properties. Herein, we present a series of D-π-A type small-molecule probes-HTCPP-H, HTCPP-F, HTCPP-Cl, and the water-soluble HTCPP-F-PEG-designed via precise ground-state proton transfer mechanisms for dual-mode ratiometric fluorescence and colorimetric detection of DO in aqueous media. These probes afford distinct simultaneous changes in both color and fluorescence upon exposure to DO, enabling rapid, naked-eye discrimination and accurate quantification without requiring organic cosolvents.

Macrophages form dendrite-like pseudopods to enhance bacterial ingestion.

Macrophages are critical innate immune cells that exhibit remarkable adaptability during pathogen infections. However, the relationship between their morphological plasticity and physiological functions remains largely elusive. Here, we discovered an unprecedented paradigm of macrophage adaptation within a few hours upon severe Gram-negative bacterial infections, characterized by the formation of dendrite-like pseudopods (DLPs).

Liver-Targeted Tolerogenic Vaccines: A Nano-Membrane Coupled Approach for Autoimmune Disease Therapies.

The co-delivery of auto-antigens and immunomodulators for tolerance induction holds great potential in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. However, their efficacy in enriching antigens within target cells remains limited, and the use of immunomodulators poses a risk for systemic immunosuppression. Here, an apoptotic erythrocyte-derived membrane is developed for the first time, demonstrating its strong abilities to target hepatic antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and stimulate negative regulatory pathways.

Tough and waterproof microneedles overcome mucosal immunotolerance by modulating antigen release patterns.

Mucosal vaccines are considered an ideal choice for combating mucosal pathogens due to their ability to neutralize pathogens at the first line of defense. However, the development of mucosal subunit vaccines is constricted by rigorous challenges, such as low immunogenicity, poor antigen delivery efficiency, and mucosal tolerance. Here, a buccal microneedle patch incorporated with engineered nanoparticles loaded with urease B subunit (rUreB) was developed to overcome the above challenges.

Macrophage-derived CTSS drives the age-dependent disruption of the blood-CSF barrier.

The choroid plexus (CP) serves as the primary source of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The blood-CSF barrier, composed of tight junctions among the epithelial cells in the CP, safeguards CSF from unrestricted exposure to bloodborne factors. This barrier is thus indispensable to brain homeostasis and is associated with age-related neural disorders.

High-grade eosinophilic renal tumor/eosinophilic vacuolar renal tumor: a case report and literature review.

Introduction: Renal oncocytoma (RO) is an uncommon benign neoplasm of the kidney, while eosinophilic vacuolated tumor (EVT) represents a distinct subtype of renal oncocytoma characterized by specific morphological features. EVT is a rare eosinophilic renal neoplasm distinguished by its unique morphological, immunophenotypic, and molecular genetic attributes. Its biological behavior is generally indolent, and it is associated with a favorable prognosis.

Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Provide Insights Into the Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Dangshen.

Introduction: Dangshen (DS) has been used for hundreds of years as a traditional Chinese medicine. It has a wide range of biological activities. Flavonoids are one of the important bioactive components with strong free radical scavenging and antioxidant capacity in DS.

Boron-Doping Engineering in AgCd Bimetallic Catalyst Enabling Efficient CO Electroreduction to CO and Aqueous Zn-CO Batteries.

The limited adsorption and activation of CO on catalyst and the high energy barrier for intermediate formation hinder the development of electrochemical CO reduction reactions (CORR). Herein, this work reports a boron (B) doping engineering in AgCd bimetals to alleviate the above limitations for efficient CO electroreduction to CO and aqueous Zn-CO batteries. Specifically, the B-doped AgCd bimetallic catalyst (AgCd-B) is prepared via a simple reduction reaction at room temperature.

Atmosphere Induces Tunable Oxygen Vacancies to Stabilize Single-Atom Copper in Ceria for Robust Electrocatalytic CO Reduction to CH.

Electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction (ECORR) shows great potential to create high-value carbon-based chemicals, while designing advanced catalysts at the atomic level remains challenging. The ECORR performance is largely dependent on the catalyst microelectronic structure that can be effectively modulated through surface defect engineering. Here, we provide an atmosphere-assisted low-temperature calcination strategy to prepare a series of single-atomic Cu/ceria catalysts with varied oxygen vacancy concentrations for robust electrolytic reduction of CO to methane.

Nitroreductase-Responsive Fluorescent "Off-On" Photosensitizer for Hypoxic Tumor Imaging and Dual-Modal Therapy.

Photothermal therapy synergized with photodynamic therapy for the treatment of tumors has emerged as a promising strategy. However, designing photosensitizers with both high photothermal efficiency and high photodynamic performance remains challenging. In contrast, the strategy of rationalizing the design of photosensitizers using the physiological properties of tumors to improve the photon utilization of photosensitizers during phototherapy is more advantageous than the approach of endowing a single photosensitizer with complex functions.

Review of Codonopsis Radix biological activities: A plant of traditional Chinese tonic.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Codonopsis Radix, commonly known as Dangshen in Chinese, is frequently used to treat deficiencies of spleen and lung Qi, gastrointestinal discomfort, fatigue, asthmatic breathing, sallow complexion, lack of strength, shortness of breath, deficiencies of both Qi and blood, as well as impairments to both Qi and body fluids in suboptimal health status.

Aim Of The Review: This review systematically expounds on the modern pharmacological studies related to the use of Codonopsis Radix in invigorating Qi and nourishing the body in recent years. The aim is to provide theoretical research and reference for the in-depth and systematic exploration and development of the applications of Codonopsis Radix in the fields of food and medicine.

Codonopsis Radix Inhibits the Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Mice through Regulation of the Nrf2/NF-κB Signaling Pathway.

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a nonspecific chronic inflammatory lung disease with no known cure. Codonopsis Radix (CR) has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory effects of different CR varieties on COPD mice.

Microbial community structures and bacteria-Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii interactions in Yilong Lake.

Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii-dominated harmful algae blooms have been reported globally in recent years. However, our understanding of the ecology of C. raciborskii in natural conditions is still poor.

Three-Phase-Heterojunction Cu/CuO-SbO Catalyst Enables Efficient CO Electroreduction to CO and High-Performance Aqueous Zn-CO Battery.

Zn-CO batteries are excellent candidates for both electrical energy output and CO utilization, whereas the main challenge is to design electrocatalysts for electrocatalytic CO reduction reactions with high selectivity and low cost. Herein, the three-phase heterojunction Cu-based electrocatalyst (Cu/CuO-SbO-15) is synthesized and evaluated for highly selective CO reduction to CO, which shows the highest faradaic efficiency of 96.3% at -1.

sp. nov., a novel chitin-degrading bacterium isolated from crawfish pond sediment.

A novel Gram-stain-negative, curved rod-shaped, motile and chitin-degrading strain, designated CD1, was isolated from crawfish pond sediment in Caidian District (30° 58' N 114° 03' E), Wuhan City, Hubei Province, PR China. Growth of this strain was observed at 15-40°C (optimum between 28 and 30 °C), at pH 7.0-9.

Multi-omics revealed the mechanisms of Codonopsis pilosula aqueous extract in improving UC through blocking abnormal activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Ethnopharmacologicalrelevance: Codonopsis pilosula (DS), a traditional Chinese medicine, had been used to regulate the immune, digestive and circulatory systems of the human, as well as protect the gastrointestinal tract, improve lung function.

Aim Of The Study: The aim of study was to explore the effects and mechanism of Codonopsis pilosula aqueous extract (DS) intervention in improving ulcerative colitis (UC).

Materials And Methods: UC model rats were established using combination of TNBS and ethanol.

Mediating Triple Ions Migration Behavior via a Fluorinated Separator Interface toward Highly Reversible Aqueous Zn Batteries.

Rampant dendrite growth, electrode passivation and severe corrosion originate from the uncontrolled ions migration behavior of Zn , SO , and H , which are largely compromising the aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) performance. Exploring the ultimate strategy to eliminate all the Zn anode issues is challenging but urgent at present. Herein, a fluorinated separator interface (PVDF@GF) is constructed simply by grafting the polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) on the GF surface to realize high-performance AZIBs.

Vaccinia virus induces EMT-like transformation and RhoA-mediated mesenchymal migration.

The emerging outbreak of monkeypox is closely associated with the viral infection and spreading, threatening global public health. Virus-induced cell migration facilitates viral transmission. However, the mechanism underlying this type of cell migration remains unclear.

A Palladium-Catalyzed Borylation/Silica Gel Promoted Hydrolysis Sequence for the Synthesis of Hydroquinine-6'-Boric Acid and Its Applications.

Hydroquinine-6'-boric acid was first synthesized a palladium-catalyzed borylation/silica gel promoted hydrolysis sequence of hydroquinine-derived triflate and bis(pinacolato)diboron. The newly designed chiral building block was subjected to the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction, Petasis reaction, and selenylation reaction, respectively, and all these reactions worked well to afford the corresponding 6'-functionalized hydroquinines with satisfactory results, demonstrating its extraordinary application potency.

Quality Assessment and Classification of Radix Based on Fingerprints and Chemometrics.

In China, Radix (CR) is frequently consumed both as food and medicine. Here, a comprehensive strategy based on fingerprinting and chemometric approaches was created to explore the influence of origins, storage time and kneading processing on the quality of CR. Firstly, high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection was used to obtain the fingerprints of 35 batches of CR from six different origins and 33 batches of CR from varying storage times or kneading procedures.

Enhanced BCAT1 activity and BCAA metabolism promotes RhoC activity in cancer progression.

Increased expression of branched-chain amino acid transaminase 1 or 2 (BCAT1 and BCAT2) has been associated with aggressive phenotypes of different cancers. Here we identify a gain of function of BCAT1 glutamic acid to alanine mutation at codon 61 (BCAT1) enriched around 2.8% in clinical gastric cancer samples.

Hydrogen-bond induced and hetero coupling dual effects in N-doped carbon coated CrN/Ni nanosheets for efficient alkaline freshwater/seawater hydrogen evolution.

Developing efficient and robust non-precious-metal-based hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts is highly desirable but remains quite challenging for alkaline freshwater/seawater electrolysis. In the present study, we report a theory-guided design and synthesis of a nickel foam (NF) supported N-doped carbon-coated (NC) nickel (Ni)/chromium nitride (CrN) nanosheets (NC@CrN/Ni) as a highly active and durable electrocatalyst. Our theoretical calculation firstly reveals that CrN/Ni heterostructure can greatly promote the HO dissociation via hydrogen-bond induced effect, and the N site can be optimized by hetero coupling to achieve a facile hydrogen associative desorption, thereby significantly boosting alkaline HER.