Rising Environmental Inequalities and Their Relationship to Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities in the US Southwest.

The US Southwest, the hottest and driest region in the US, faces significant climate-coupled challenges to sustainable development by human and natural systems. This study examines how inequalities in race and ethnicity have shifted with climate impact, analyzing disparities in socioeconomic conditions, remote sensing-based environmental metrics, and environmental changes (2000-2020). Results reveal widespread racial and ethnic disparities in social and environmental conditions.

Age: A Moderating Effect on Cerebrospinal Fluid Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 and Cognitive Function.

Background: Fibroblast growth factors(FGF)19 subclass related to endocrine metabolism, including FGF19, FGF21, and FGF23, which is associated with cognition. Age can affect its secretion and has been identified as a significant risk factor for cognitive decline. Consequently, age may moderate the impact of the FGF19 subclass on cognitive function.

Afforestation Surpasses Abandonment in the Recovery of Post-Agricultural Soil Organic Carbon in China as Estimated by Machine Learning Models.

The surface soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics typically follow a trend of initial loss followed by subsequent accumulation after cropland abandonment. However, the timing of SOC stock increase (referred to as the threshold in this study) remains insufficiently explored in spatial terms. While afforestation incentives are considered an effective nature-based strategy, the benefits of SOC recovery still require further investigation.

Zoledronic acid-induced acute psychiatric disorder.

As a bisphosphonate drug, zoledronic acid is widely used in the treatment of osteoporosis, hypercalcemia, Paget's disease, and solid malignant tumors. Common adverse reactions include acute-phase responses such as myalgia, fatigue, arthralgia, and fever, while psychiatric disorders have been infrequently reported. This paper presents a case of acute psychiatric disorder in an osteoporotic patient following intravenous infusion of zoledronic acid for the first time, underscoring the necessity of clinical vigilance regarding such rare adverse reactions during treatment.

Soil erosion and lateral carbon fluxes from corn stover-derived biofuel.

Crop residues hold promise to alleviate food vs. fuel competition and contribute to biofuel production. However, the impacts of lateral sediment and carbon fluxes caused by residue removal are not fully understood.

Projections of Heat-Related Mortality in Chinese Cities: The Roles of Climate Change, Urbanization, Socioeconomic Adaptation, and Landscape-Level Strategies.

Background: Physiological heat strain induced by extreme temperatures in cities has led to significant heat-related deaths. Although socioeconomic adaptation is suggested to mitigate this issue, its effectiveness is limited. Conversely, there is a lack of comprehensive evaluation on the effectiveness of landscape-level strategies for mitigating heat-related deaths.

Enhancing Climate-Driven Urban Tree Cooling with Targeted Nonclimatic Interventions.

Urban trees play a pivotal role in mitigating heat, yet the global determinants and patterns of their cooling efficiency (CE) remain elusive. Here, we quantify the diel CE of 229 cities across four climatic zones and employ a machine-learning model to assess the influence of variables on CE. We found that for every 10% increase in tree cover, surface temperatures are reduced by 0.

Tree species composition governs urban phenological responses to warming.

Urban environments are typically warmer than surrounding rural areas, providing a unique setting for studying phenological responses to climate warming. Phenological differences between urban and rural trees are driven by local climate and species composition. Yet, the extent to which species composition influences phenological responses to urbanization remains poorly understood.

Computed Tomography Perfusion Parameters: A Potential Tool for Treatment Selection in Basilar Artery Occlusion.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association between computed tomography perfusion (CTP) parameters and outcomes in basilar artery occlusion (BAO), and to select patients with BAO who may benefit from thrombectomy.

Methods: We performed a post-hoc analysis of patients from the ATTENTION trial with available admission CTP data. CTP parameters evaluated included time to maximum (T) >6 s/8 s/10 s, relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) <20%/30%/34%/38%/50%, Critical Area Perfusion Score (CAPS), and CTP-posterior circulation acute stroke prognosis early computed tomography score (CTP-pc-ASPECTS), pons-midbrain-thalamus (PMT) hypoperfusion.

Altered spatiotemporal consistency and their genetic mechanisms in mild cognitive impairment: a combined neuroimaging and transcriptome study.

The Four-dimensional (spatiotemporal) Consistency of local Neural Activities (FOCA) metric was utilized to assess spontaneous whole-brain activity. Despite its application, the genetic underpinnings of FOCA alterations in Alzheimer's Disease (AD)-related Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) remain largely unexplored. To elucidate these changes, we analyzed group FOCA differences in 41 MCI patients and 46 controls from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database.

A global product of 150-m urban building height based on spaceborne lidar.

Urban building height, as a fundamental 3D urban structural feature, has far-reaching applications. However, creating readily available datasets of recent urban building heights with fine spatial resolutions and global coverage remains a challenging task. Here, we provide a 150-m global urban building heights dataset around 2020 by combining the spaceborne lidar (Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation, GEDI), multi-sourced data (Landsat-8, Sentinel-2, and Sentinel-1), and topographic data.

Multi-Omics Approaches to Discover Biomarkers of Thyroid Eye Disease: A Systematic Review.

Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an organ-specific autoimmune disorder that significantly impacts patients' visual function, appearance, and well-being. Despite existing clinical evaluation methods, there remains a need for objective biomarkers to facilitate clinical management and pathogenesis investigation. Rapid advances in multi-omics technologies have enabled the discovery and development of more informative biomarkers for clinical use.

Quantifying the Cooling Effect of Urban Greening Driven by Ecological Restoration Projects in China.

Urban greening (UG) affects local climate by altering surface energy balance, while long-term UG cooling potential, patterns, and contribution to curbing urban warming remain unclear. Here, we designed an novel statistical model to evaluate the cooling potential of UG (CPUG) and created the first CPUG map for China. By exploring the trends in observed and simulated urban surface temperatures (UST), we quantified the CPUG of 0.

Efficient CRISPR-mediated genome editing can be initiated by embryonic injection but not by ovarian delivery in the beetle Tribolium castaneum.

The clustered regularly interspaced small palindromic repeats (CRISPR) / CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9)-mediated gene editing technology has revolutionized the study of fundamental biological questions in various insects. Diverse approaches have been developed to deliver the single-guide RNA (sgRNA) and Cas9 to the nucleus of insect embryos or oocytes to achieve gene editing, including the predominant embryonic injection methods and alternative protocols through parental ovary delivery. However, a systematic comparative study of these approaches is limited, especially within a given insect.

Treadmill exercise in combination with acousto-optic and olfactory stimulation improves cognitive function in APP/PS1 mice through the brain-derived neurotrophic factor- and Cygb-associated signaling pathways.

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202509000-00031/figure1/v/2024-11-05T132919Z/r/image-tiff A reduction in adult neurogenesis is associated with behavioral abnormalities in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Consequently, enhancing adult neurogenesis represents a promising therapeutic approach for mitigating disease symptoms and progression.

Genome-wide identification of SIMILAR to RCD ONE (SRO) gene family in rapeseed ( L.) reveals their role in drought stress response.

Rapeseed ( L.) is an important oilseed crop widely cultivated worldwide, and drought is the main environmental factor limiting its yield enhancement and the expansion of planted areas. SIMILAR TO RCD ONE () is a plant-specific small gene family that plays a crucial role in plant growth, development, and responses to abiotic stresses such as drought.

Online toolkits for collaborative and inclusive global research in urban evolutionary ecology.

Urban evolutionary ecology is inherently interdisciplinary. Moreover, it is a field with global significance. However, bringing researchers and resources together across fields and countries is challenging.

Spatially explicit downscaling and projection of population in mainland China.

Spatially explicit population data is critical to investigating human-nature interactions, identifying at-risk populations, and informing sustainable management and policy decisions. Most long-term global population data have three main limitations: 1) they were estimated with simple scaling or trend extrapolation methods which are not able to capture detailed population variation spatially and temporally; 2) the rate of urbanization and the spatial patterns of settlement changes were not fully considered; and 3) the spatial resolution is generally coarse. To address these limitations, we proposed a framework for large-scale spatially explicit downscaling of populations from census data and projecting future population distributions under different Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSP) scenarios with the consideration of distinctive changes in urban extent.

Thermal, water, and land cover factors led to contrasting urban and rural vegetation resilience to extreme hot months.

With continuing global warming and urbanization, it is increasingly important to understand the resilience of urban vegetation to extreme high temperatures, but few studies have examined urban vegetation at large scale or both concurrent and delayed responses. In this study, we performed an urban-rural comparison using the Enhanced Vegetation Index and months that exceed the historical 90th percentile in mean temperature (referred to as "hot months") across 85 major cities in the contiguous United States. We found that hot months initially enhanced vegetation greenness but could cause a decline afterwards, especially for persistent (≥4 months) and intense (≥+2 °C) episodes in summer.

Construction of Hierarchical Conductive Networks for LiNiMnCoO Cathode toward Stable Cycling at High Areal Mass Loadings.

Realizing high-performance thick electrodes is considered as a practical strategy to promote the energy density of lithium-ion batteries. However, establishing effective transport pathways for both lithium-ions and electrons in a thick electrode is very challenging. This study develops a hierarchical conductive network structure for constructing high-performance NMC811 (LiNiMnCoO) cathode toward stable cycling at high areal mass loadings.

Arctic amplification-induced decline in West and South Asia dust warrants stronger antidesertification toward carbon neutrality.

Dust loading in West and South Asia has been a major environmental issue due to its negative effects on air quality, food security, energy supply and public health, as well as on regional and global weather and climate. Yet a robust understanding of its recent changes and future projection remains unclear. On the basis of several high-quality remote sensing products, we detect a consistently decreasing trend of dust loading in West and South Asia over the last two decades.

Enhancing vegetation formation classification: Integrating coarse-scale traditional mapping knowledge and advanced machine learning.

Mapping vegetation formation types in large areas is crucial for ecological and environmental studies. However, this is still challenging to distinguish similar vegetation formation types using existing predictive vegetation mapping methods, based on commonly used environmental variables and remote sensing spectral data, especially when there are not enough training samples. To solve this issue, we proposed a predictive vegetation mapping method by integrating an advanced machine learning algorithm and knowledge in an early coarse-scale vegetation map (VMK).

The effect of the interaction of sleep onset latency and age on ischemic stroke severity via inflammatory chemokines.

Objective: Prolonged sleep onset latency (PSOL) and age have been linked to ischemic stroke (IS) severity and the production of chemokines and inflammation, both of which contribute to IS development. This study aimed to explore the relationship between chemokines, inflammation, and the interplay between sleep onset latency (SOL) and age in influencing stroke severity.

Methods: A cohort of 281 participants with mild to moderate IS was enrolled.

Fine-Tuned Gene Expression Elements from Hybrid Promoter Libraries in .

As a desirable microbial cell factory, has garnered extensive utilization in metabolic engineering. Nevertheless, the lack of fine-tuned gene expression components has significantly constrained the potential scope of applications. Here, a gradient strength promoter library was constructed by random hybridization and high-throughput screening.