Comparative performance of deep learning architectures for diabetic peripheral neuropathy detection using corneal confocal microscopy: a retrospective single-centre study.

Objectives: This study aims to develop a deep learning algorithm (DLA) using the InceptionV3 architecture for effective diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) screening via corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) images.

Design: Retrospective study.

Setting: Ophthalmology Centre of General Hospital.

LncRNA GTF3C1 promotes diabetic corneal wound healing by regulating GABARAP and PTEN to augment autophagy.

Background: Diabetic keratopathy (DK) is a common ocular complication of diabetes, with its progression closely linked to autophagy regulation. This study aims to explore the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in modulating autophagy during diabetic pathogenesis, focusing on lncRNA general transcription factor IIIC subunit 1 (GTF3C1) and its potential as a therapeutic target for diabetic corneal neuropathy (DCN).

Methods: High-throughput sequencing identified dysregulated lncRNAs in the trigeminal ganglia of diabetic mice.

Simultaneous determination of moisture, 1,2-propanediol, glycerol and menthol in tobacco products using GC-TCD&FID in parallel method.

Moisture, 1,2-propanediol, and glycerol are crucial quality indicators in the production and application of novel tobacco products and reconstituted tobacco leaves. However, accurately measuring these components simultaneously remains a challenge. In this study, a method applying GC-TCD&FID method for the simultaneous determination of moisture, 1,2-propanediol, glycerol and menthol was developed.

Canumycins A-E, Macrocyclic Napyradiomycins from a Marine-Derived .

Five new macrocyclic napyradiomycins with different types of scaffolds were isolated from marine-derived SJ-019. Compounds and are uniquely typified by a spirocyclic core, while , and also contain a unique macrolide structure not known in any other napyradiomycins. Compound is composed of a dearomatized napyradiomycin core and an intramolecular double-arch bridge system.

School Factors Associated With Physical Activity Participation in Children and Adolescents With Disabilities: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review synthesizes quantitative evidence on school factors associated with physical activity (PA) participation in children and adolescents with disabilities (CAD). A comprehensive search was conducted in four databases, and studies were included if they quantitatively measured PA levels and examined school factors associated with PA participation among CAD. Methodological quality was assessed, and a semiquantitative synthesis was performed.

Multi-Omics Approaches to Discover Biomarkers of Thyroid Eye Disease: A Systematic Review.

Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an organ-specific autoimmune disorder that significantly impacts patients' visual function, appearance, and well-being. Despite existing clinical evaluation methods, there remains a need for objective biomarkers to facilitate clinical management and pathogenesis investigation. Rapid advances in multi-omics technologies have enabled the discovery and development of more informative biomarkers for clinical use.

Development of a transformer-based deep learning algorithm for diabetic peripheral neuropathy classification using corneal confocal microscopy images.

Background: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is common and can go unnoticed until it is firmly developed. This study aims to establish a transformer-based deep learning algorithm (DLA) to classify corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) images, identifying DPN in diabetic patients.

Methods: Our classification model differs from traditional convolutional neural networks (CNNs) using a Swin transformer network with a hierarchical architecture backbone.

On the Generalization Ability of Unsupervised Pretraining.

Recent advances in unsupervised learning have shown that unsupervised pre-training, followed by fine-tuning, can improve model generalization. However, a rigorous understanding of how the representation function learned on an unlabeled dataset affects the generalization of the fine-tuned model is lacking. Existing theoretical research does not adequately account for the heterogeneity of the distribution and tasks in pre-training and fine-tuning stage.

School-based factors influencing physical activity participation in children and adolescents with disabilities: A qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis.

Background: Children and adolescents with disabilities (CAD) frequently encounter barriers to participation in physical activity (PA). Schools play a vital role in promoting PA, making it crucial to understand the school-based factors influencing CAD's PA participation.

Objective: This qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis aims to identify and elucidate the school-based factors influencing PA engagement among this population.

Responses of biomarkers, joint effect and drilosphere bacterial communities to antimony (III and/or V) contamination.

Contamination of soils with antimony (Sb) is becoming increasingly severe and widespread, and the associated ecological risks cannot be ignored. To evaluate how different Sb forms affected the earthworm in soil, the biomarker response index (BRI), effect addition index (EAI), and microbial diversity were characterized after single and joint application of Sb(III) and Sb(V). The results showed that Sb(III) was better enriched by earthworms than Sb(V).

Combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveals the toxic effects of antimony on the earthworm.

Antimony (Sb) poses a significant ecological threat. This study combines biochemical, pathological, transcriptome, and metabolome analyses to assess the short-term (14-day) toxic impact of two Sb levels (25 mg/kg and 125 mg/kg) on earthworms (Eisenia fetida). Higher Sb concentration caused severe intestinal damage, elevated metallothionein (MT) levels, and reduced antioxidant capacity.

Direct Extraction and Determination of Free Nicotine in Cigarette Smoke.

The accurate determination of the free nicotine content in cigarette smoke is crucial for assessing cigarette quality, studying harm and addiction, and reducing tar levels. Currently, the determination of free nicotine in tobacco products primarily relies on methods such as pH calculation, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), and traditional solvent extraction. However, these methods have limitations that restrict their widespread application.

Understanding Deep Gradient Leakage via Inversion Influence Functions.

Deep Gradient Leakage (DGL) is a highly effective attack that recovers private training images from gradient vectors. This attack casts significant privacy challenges on distributed learning from clients with sensitive data, where clients are required to share gradients. Defending against such attacks requires but lacks an understanding of , mostly because of the black-box nature of deep networks.

Intracoronary Imaging‒Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Woven Coronary Artery Disease With Chronic Total Occlusion.

Woven coronary artery disease is a relatively rare congenital anomaly with unexplained etiology. Herein we presented the first unusual woven case involving all coronary arteries with chronic total occlusion lesion of the left anterior descending artery; describe intracoronary imaging‒guided percutaneous coronary intervention for woven coronary artery disease with chronic total occlusion lesion of the left anterior descending artery; and discuss the complexities involved in intervening with such lesions.