Arabidopsis root defense barriers support beneficial interactions with rhizobacterium Pseudomonas simiae WCS417.

Plant roots interact with pathogenic and beneficial microbes in the soil. While root defense barriers block pathogens, their roles in facilitating beneficial plant-microbe associations are understudied. Here, we examined the impact of specific root defense barriers on the well-known beneficial association between Arabidopsis thaliana and the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Pseudomonas simiae WCS417.

Qifu Decoction Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Myocardial Dysfunction by Inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 Inflammatory Pathway and Activating PPARα/CPT Pathway.

: Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC) is a serious clinical disorder with a high death rate. Qifu decoction (QFD) is a renowned traditional Chinese medicine with documented pharmacological actions, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptosis activities, and it has good therapeutic effects on cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to reveal the cardioprotective effects and underlying mechanisms of QFD against SIC.

Progress in Stereoselective Haloamination of Olefins.

The regio- and stereoselective adjacent bifunctionalization of olefins with amine and halogen groups can be effectively accomplished through catalytic haloamination methods. Stereoselective haloamination has emerged as a pivotal methodology for the introduction of halogen functional groups into chiral amines, demonstrating substantial applications in medicinal chemistry and organic synthesis. Since 1999, significant advancements have been achieved in this field, driven by innovations in catalytic systems and methodologies.

Nanotoroids Self-Assembled from Bottlebrush Copolymers.

Toroids are cyclic, ring-shaped nanostructures with potential applications in topological materials, encapsulation, and separation. While nanotoroids naturally exist in biological systems (e.g.

miR-107-enriched exosomes promote ROS/wnt/autophagy, inhibit intracellular mycobacterial growth and attenuate lung infection.

Exosomes, known as small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin produced by most cell types, exist in a variety of body fluids including plasma. The roles of exosomes in immune responses against () infection remain poorly characterized. Here, we found that miR-107 highly expressed in exosomes from plasma of TB patients but not healthy control (HC) subjects.

Loopsim: enrichment analysis of chromosome conformation capture with fast empirical distribution simulation.

Gene regulation is intricately influenced by the three-dimensional organization of the genome. In particular, chromatin can exist in loop structures that enable long-range regulatory interactions. By utilizing chromosome conformation capture techniques such as Hi-C, valuable information regarding the organization of these loop structures in 3D space can be obtained.

Unlocking efficiency in real-world collaborative studies: a multi-site international study with one-shot lossless GLMM algorithm.

The widespread adoption of real-world data has given rise to numerous healthcare-distributed research networks, but multi-site analyses still face administrative burdens and data privacy challenges. In response, we developed a Collaborative One-shot Lossless Algorithm for Generalized Linear Mixed Models (COLA-GLMM), the first-ever algorithm that achieves both lossless and one-shot properties. COLA-GLMM ensures accuracy against the gold standard of pooled data while requiring only summary statistics and completes within a single communication round, eliminating the usual back-and-forth overhead.

Coconut shell activated carbon engineered for triphasic adsorption and multimechanistic removal of emerging contaminant F-53B.

A novel substitute for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), 6:2 Chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether acid (6:2 Cl-PFAES, F-53B), has been widely used in the electroplating and firefighting industries, raising concerns due to increasing environmental prevalence. This study systematically investigated the adsorption characteristics of F-53B by coconut shell activated carbon (CSAC) and elucidated the underlying mechanisms through adsorption kinetics, isotherm modeling, and multi-scale characterization. Results show that the maximum adsorption capacity of CSAC for F-53B reached 261.

Alterations and correlation between DNA damage and repair response and PD-L1 expression in non-small cell lung cancers.

Background: DNA damage and repair (DDR) is involved in the antitumor immune response, however, the correlation between DNA damage response with immunotherapy in NSCLC remain unclear. We examined the relationship between DDR alterations and expression of PD-L1 in non-small cell lung cancer.

Methods: Tumor tissues, para-carcinoma and normal tissues, were obtained from 54 patients who were surgically resected NSCLC tumors.

COLA-GLM: collaborative one-shot and lossless algorithms of generalized linear models for decentralized observational healthcare data.

Clinical insights from real-world data often require aggregating information from institutions to ensure sufficient sample sizes and generalizability. However, patient privacy concerns only limit the sharing of patient-level data, and traditional federated learning algorithms, relying on extensive back-and-forth communications, can be inefficient to implement. We introduce the Collaborative One-shot Lossless Algorithm for Generalized Linear Models (COLA-GLM), a novel federated learning algorithm that supports diverse outcome types via generalized linear models and achieves results identical to a pooled patient-level data analysis (lossless) with only a single round of aggregated data exchange (one-shot).

Advances and Prospects of Fowl Adenoviruses Vaccine Technologies in the Past Decade.

Over the past decade, diseases associated with fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) have exhibited a new epidemic trend worldwide. The presence of numerous FAdVs serotypes, combined with the virus's broad host range, positions it as a significant pathogen in the poultry industry. In the current context of intensive poultry production and global trade, co-infections involving multiple FAdVs serotypes, as well as co-infections with FAdVs alongside infectious bursal disease or infectious anemia virus, may occur within the same region or even on the same farm.

The role of immunochemotherapy maintenance in metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: insights from a cohort study in an endemic region.

Objectives: Metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (mNPC) following palliative chemotherapy has high incidence and mortality rates. While maintenance therapy shows promising potential, the optimal strategy remains undefined. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of immunochemotherapy maintenance in patients with mNPC.

Radionuclide-Labeled Biomaterials: A Novel Strategy for Tumor-Targeted Therapy.

This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in radionuclide-labeled biomaterials for cancer therapy, with a particular focus on the characteristics, production methods, and labeling techniques of α-particle, β-particle, and Auger electron-based radiotherapy. It explores innovative strategies for targeted delivery systems and highlights the advantages of theranostics and combination therapies. The application of radionuclide-labeled biomaterials in various cancer types, including prostate cancer, breast cancer, neuroendocrine tumors, gliomas, and melanoma, is systematically summarized.

Association of multiple pregnancies with risk of preterm birth in the United States: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: The elevated risks of adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes in multiple pregnancies (MPs) are predominantly driven by complications linked to preterm birth (PTB). However, studies on the association between MPs and PTB are limited. Furthermore, the impact of varying degrees of MPs on the likelihood of PTB is unclear, making it challenging to assess the PTB risk degree associated with different types of MPs.

Trends in short-term outcomes of very low birth weight infants from a single center in Shanghai from 2013 to 2023.

Background: Very low birth weight infants (VLBWI) are vulnerable to serious complications. We aim to describe the short-term outcomes of VLBWI in a single center during 2013-2023, providing the basis for clinical disease management.

Methods: A retrospective study of VLBWI admitted to a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2023 was conducted to analyze trends of mortality and major morbidities over the 11-year period.

Frontier advances in molecular dynamics simulations for the design and optimization of oil-displacement polymers.

This comprehensive review paper delves into the application and recent advancements of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation techniques in the design and optimization of polymers for oil displacement. Initially, the paper outlines the pivotal role of polymers in oil displacement, particularly highlighting the challenges associated with their stability and rheological property optimization under high-temperature and high-salinity conditions. Subsequently, it meticulously introduces the theoretical foundation of MD simulations, the selection of simulation parameters, and the emerging trends in the integration of machine learning with MD simulations.

Evaluating the Immunogenic Potential of ApxI and ApxII from : An Immunoinformatics-Driven Study on mRNA Candidates.

Porcine infectious pleuropneumonia (PCP) caused by (APP) leads to severe economic losses in swine production. Commercial vaccines offer limited cross-protection for the 19 serotypes, while APP mRNA vaccines remain unexplored. This study evaluated eight candidate APP proteins (ApxI-IV, OlmA, TbpB, GalT, and GalU) using immunobioinformatics tools, and their immunogenicity and cross-protection were assessed in a mouse model.

Capecitabine Maintenance Therapy in Patients with Residual Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Single-Arm, Phase II Trial.

Purpose: Patients with residual nasopharyngeal carcinoma after receiving standard-of-care treatment have poor prognoses. In this trial, we aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of capecitabine maintenance therapy in patients with residual nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Patients And Methods: This open-label, single-arm, phase II trial was conducted at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center.

scMINER: a mutual information-based framework for clustering and hidden driver inference from single-cell transcriptomics data.

Single-cell transcriptomics data present challenges due to their inherent stochasticity and sparsity, complicating both cell clustering and cell type-specific network inference. To address these challenges, we introduce scMINER (single-cell Mutual Information-based Network Engineering Ranger), an integrative framework for unsupervised cell clustering, transcription factor and signaling protein network inference, and identification of hidden drivers from single-cell transcriptomic data. scMINER demonstrates superior accuracy in cell clustering, outperforming five state-of-the-art algorithms and excelling in distinguishing closely related cell populations.

Development and Characterization of a Recombinant galT-galU Protein for Broad-Spectrum Immunoprotection Against Porcine Contagious Pleuropneumonia.

Porcine contagious pleuropneumonia (PCP), caused by (APP), is a highly contagious disease that leads to significant economic losses in the swine industry. Current vaccines are ineffective due to the presence of multiple serotypes and the absence of a predominant seasonal serotype, underscoring the need for vaccines with broad-spectrum protection. Previous studies identified galT and galU as promising antigen candidates.

Luteolin and its antidepressant properties: From mechanism of action to potential therapeutic application.

Luteolin is a natural flavonoid compound exists in various fruits and vegetables. Recent studies have indicated that luteolin has variety pharmacological effects, including a wide range of antidepressant properties. Here, we systematically review the preclinical studies and limited clinical evidence on the antidepressant and neuroprotective effects of luteolin to fully explore its antidepressant power.

Interaction of vernodalin with p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and subsequent effects in lung cancer cell model.

The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) is a key regulator of numerous cellular processes relevant to cancer therapy. Apart from reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated activation, the p38 pathway can also be activated through direct interactions between the p38 MAPK protein which stabilize an open conformation of the activation loop, exposing the phosphorylation sites. Therefore, assessing p38 MAPK expression and the direct binding of anticancer agents with p38 MAPK can provide critical insights for advancing the development of innovative anticancer therapies.

Identifying progression subphenotypes of Alzheimer's disease from large-scale electronic health records with machine learning.

Objective: Identification of clinically meaningful subphenotypes of disease progression can enhance the understanding of disease heterogeneity and underlying pathophysiology. In this study, we propose a machine learning framework to identify subphenotypes of Alzheimer's disease progression based on longitudinal real-world patient records.

Methods: The framework, dynaPhenoM, extracts coherent clinical topics across patient visits and employs a time-aware latent class analysis to characterize subphenotypes.

Cyclophilin D knockdown/knockout promotes microglia M2 polarization by inhibiting STAT1 to alleviate neuroinflammation in neonatal white matter injury.

The activation of microglia cells is intimately associated with the pathophysiology of neuroinflammation and neonatal white matter injury (WMI). Cyclophilin D (CypD), a matrix cyclophilin, is known to be one of the important regulators of mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Currently, CypD has been discovered the function of regulating inflammation.

Mechanistic insights into the kidney injury in chickens induced by hypervirulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4.

Unlabelled: Hypervirulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) has emerged as a significant poultry pathogen since 2015, exhibiting clinical multi-organ and multi-tissue tropism post-infection, resulting in substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. However, the molecular mechanism underlying kidney injury caused by FAdV-4 infection remains unclear. Our results indicated that FAdV-4 infection in chickens induces damage to kidney tissues, characterized by the degeneration and necrosis of kidney epithelial cells, glomerular injury, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and the activation of a robust inflammatory response in the kidney cells.