Formulation optimization, in vitro and in vivo correlation, and long-acting analgesic efficacy of dezocine-loaded microspheres overcoming the "quick sand" phenomenon.

Polymeric acids and their copolymer-based microspheres constitute a critical platform for extended and controlled-release drug delivery systems. However, the precipitated drug crystals (commonly termed "quick sand" phenomenon) during microsphere fabrication significantly limits their application for specific drug molecules, leading to suboptimal drug loading (DL) and encapsulation efficiency (EE) in final products. In this study, dezocine-loaded microspheres (Dez-Ms) were fabricated using microfluidic reactor technology.

Effects of Virtual Reality Intervention on Motor Function and Activities of Daily Living of Children and Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Objectives: To explore the impact of virtual reality (VR) intervention on motor function (MF) and activities of daily living (ADL) in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP), and to identify effective VR intervention strategies.

Data Sources: Searches were conducted in PubMed, Wiley Online Library, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science (all collections).

Study Selection: All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of VR intervention on MF and ADL in children and adolescents with CP.

SAXO proteins mediate tubulin turnover in axonemal microtubules of Chlamydomonas.

Cilia and eukaryotic flagella are microtubule-based organelles that are crucial for cell motility and signaling. SAXO proteins (denoted for 'stabilizers of axonemal microtubules') are found exclusively in flagellated or ciliated organisms, but their physiological functions remain unclear. We investigated four SAXO proteins (SAXO1-SAXO4) in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, identified via bioinformatics.

Up-conversion emission characteristics and temperature measurement of core-shell structured NaGdF: ErTm/Yb@NaYbF: xYb (x = 25, 50) phosphors.

In this study, the intensity and properties of up-conversion luminescence in core-shell structured NaGdF: Er/Tm/Yb@NaGdF: Yb phosphors were investigated. After coating the NaGdF: 0.5Er/0.

School Factors Associated With Physical Activity Participation in Children and Adolescents With Disabilities: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review synthesizes quantitative evidence on school factors associated with physical activity (PA) participation in children and adolescents with disabilities (CAD). A comprehensive search was conducted in four databases, and studies were included if they quantitatively measured PA levels and examined school factors associated with PA participation among CAD. Methodological quality was assessed, and a semiquantitative synthesis was performed.

Tuning metal-support interactions in MOF-derived CoNi@NC supported Pd catalysts for efficient hydrogenation of bicarbonate using glycerol as a hydrogen donor.

The hydrogenation of bicarbonate, a byproduct of CO captured in alkaline solutions, into formic acid (FA) using glycerol (GLY) as a hydrogen source offers a promising carbon-negative strategy for reducing CO emissions. While Pd-based catalysts are effective in this reaction, they often require high temperatures, leading to low FA yield due to strong hydrogen adsorption on Pd surfaces. In this work, metal-organic framework derived N-doped carbon encapsulated CoNi alloy nanoparticles (CoNi@NC) were prepared, acid-leached, and employed as a support to modulate the electronic structure of Pd-based catalysts.

Anti-thermal quenching and temperature sensing properties of Er/Yb co-doped ScO phosphors.

Up-conversion luminescence from rare earth doped phosphor is a potential candidate as non-contact temperature sensor. In this work, different Er concentration doped ScO: Er/Yb phosphors were prepared through typical sol-gel method. The emission intensity reached the maximum as the doping concentration of Er was 1.

School-based factors influencing physical activity participation in children and adolescents with disabilities: A qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis.

Background: Children and adolescents with disabilities (CAD) frequently encounter barriers to participation in physical activity (PA). Schools play a vital role in promoting PA, making it crucial to understand the school-based factors influencing CAD's PA participation.

Objective: This qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis aims to identify and elucidate the school-based factors influencing PA engagement among this population.

Utilizing codon degeneracy in the design of donor DNA for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing to streamline the screening process for single amino acid mutations.

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a unicellular green alga, has been widely used as a model organism for studies of algal, plant and ciliary biology. The generation of targeted amino acid mutations is often necessary, and this can be achieved using CRISPR/Cas9 induced homology-directed repair to install genomic modifications from exogenous donor DNA. Due to the low gene editing efficiency, the technical challenge lies in identifying the mutant cells.

Potential coupling of microbial methane, nitrogen, and sulphur cycling in the Okinawa Trough cold seep sediments.

The Okinawa Trough (OT) is a back-arc basin with a wide distribution of active cold seep systems. However, our understanding of the metabolic function of microbial communities in the cold seep sediments of the OT remains limited. In this study, we investigated the vertical profiles of functional genes involved in methane, nitrogen, and sulphur cycling in the cold seep sediments of the OT.

Construction of active-inert core-shell structured nanocrystals for broad range multicolor upconversion luminescence.

Rare earth doped up-conversion luminescent nano-materials exhibit abundant emission colors under suitable excitation condition. In this work, NaYF:Er/Ho@NaYF and NaYbF:Tm@NaYF nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation method. The pure red emission can be realized by the designed NaYF:Er/Ho@NaYF nanocrystals and the R/Gs reach 23.

Prevalence of meeting 24-hour movement guidelines and its associations with health indicators in people with disabilities: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Meeting the 24-h movement guidelines (i.e., physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep) could generate health benefits to people with disabilities.

High-resolution mass spectrometry-based non-targeted metabolomics reveals toxicity of naphthalene on tall fescue and intrinsic molecular mechanisms.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous at relatively high concentrations by atmospheric deposition, and they are threatening to the environment. In this study, the toxicity of naphthalene on tall fescue and its potential responding mechanism was first studied by integrating approaches. Tall fescue seedlings were exposed to 0, 20, and 100 mg L naphthalene in a hydroponic environment for 9 days, and toxic effects were observed by the studies of general physiological studies, chlorophyll fluorescence, and root morphology.

Polyvinyl Chloride Microplastics Facilitate Nitrous Oxide Production in Partial Nitritation Systems.

Partial nitritation (PN) is an important partner with anammox in the sidestream line treating high-strength wastewater and primarily contributes to nitrous oxide (NO) emissions in such a hybrid system, which also suffers from ubiquitous microplastics because of the growing usage and disposal levels of plastics. In this study, the influences of polyvinyl chloride microplastics (PVC-MPs) on NO-contributing pathways were experimentally revealed to fill the knowledge gap on NO emission from the PN system under microplastics stress. The long-term results showed that the overall PN performance was hardly affected by the low-dose PVC-MPs (0.

Peracetic acid (PAA)-based pretreatment effectively improves medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) production from sewage sludge.

Peracetic acid (PAA), known for its environmentally friendly properties as a oxidant and bactericide, is gaining prominence in decontamination and disinfection applications. The primary product of PAA oxidation is acetate that can serve as an electron acceptor (EA) for the biosynthesis of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) via chain elongation (CE) reactions. Hence, PAA-based pretreatment is supposed to be beneficial for MCFAs production from anaerobic sludge fermentation, as it could enhance organic matter availability, suppress competing microorganisms and furnish EA by providing acetate.

Celastrol attenuates HFD-induced obesity and improves metabolic function independent of adiponectin signaling.

Backgound: Celastrol, a leptin sensitiser, has been shown to inhibit food intake and reduce body weight in diet-induced obese mice, making it a potential treatment for obesity and metabolic diseases. Adiponectin signalling has been reported to play an important role in the treatment of obesity, inflammation, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Materials And Methods: Wild-type (WT) and AdipoR1 knockout (AdipoR1) mice were placed on a chow diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) and several metabolic parameters were measured.

Genomic basis of selective breeding from the closest wild relative of large-fruited tomato.

The long and intricate domestication history of the tomato () includes selection sweeps that have not been fully explored, and these sweeps show significant evolutionary trajectories of domestication traits. Using three distinct selection strategies, we represented comprehensive selected sweeps from 53 (PIM) and 166 (BIG) accessions, which are defined as pseudo-domestication in this study. We identified 390 potential selection sweeps, some of which had a significant impact on fruit-related traits and were crucial to the pseudo-domestication process.

Unveiling the roles of biofilm in reducing NO emission in a nitrifying integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) system.

Biofilm process such as integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) system has been preliminarily found to produce less nitrous oxide (NO) than suspended sludge system. However, the NO emission behaviors and underlying NO mitigation mechanism in such hybrid system remain unclear. This study therefore aims to fully unveil the roles of biofilm in reducing NO emission in a nitrifying IFAS system with the aid of some advanced technologies such as NO microsensor and site-preference analysis.

A new NASH model in aged mice with rapid progression of steatohepatitis and fibrosis.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a high prevalence worldwide, with a significant proportion of patients progressing into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and further into cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Most of the current animal models of NASH have limitations, such as incompatibility with human pathogenesis characteristics or long induction periods, which severely limit the development of new drugs and preclinical studies for NASH. We investigated the progression of NASH and fibrosis, as well as metabolic indicators, at different time points in aged mice induced by the Gubra Amylin NASH (GAN) diet, a high-fat, high-sugar, high-cholesterol diet, and attempted to establish a rapid and useful mouse model of NASH.

MINet: Multi-scale input network for fundus microvascular segmentation.

Vessel segmentation in fundus images is a key procedure in the diagnosis of ophthalmic diseases, which can play a role in assisting doctors in diagnosis. Although current deep learning-based methods can achieve high accuracy in segmenting fundus vessel images, the results are not satisfactory in segmenting microscopic vessels that are close to the background region. The reason for this problem is that thin blood vessels contain very little information, with the convolution operation of each layer in the deep network, this part of the information will be randomly lost.

Effects of Virtual Reality-Based Exercise on Physical Fitness in People with Intellectual Disability: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

It is unclear whether virtual reality (VR)-based exercise can improve physical fitness in people with intellectual disability (ID). This systematic review therefore aimed to synthesize existing evidence regarding the efficacy of VR-based exercise on physical fitness in people with ID. Eligible articles were searched through six major electronic databases from inception until August 15, 2022.

Structure of a TOC-TIC supercomplex spanning two chloroplast envelope membranes.

The TOC and TIC complexes are essential translocons that facilitate the import of the nuclear genome-encoded preproteins across the two envelope membranes of chloroplast, but their exact molecular identities and assembly remain unclear. Here, we report a cryoelectron microscopy structure of TOC-TIC supercomplex from Chlamydomonas, containing a total of 14 identified components. The preprotein-conducting pore of TOC is a hybrid β-barrel co-assembled by Toc120 and Toc75, while the potential translocation path of TIC is formed by transmembrane helices from Tic20 and YlmG, rather than a classic model of Tic110.