Timing of surgery for symptomatic choledochal cysts with hyperamylasemia in children: a retrospective analysis.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the optimal surgical timing for symptomatic choledochal cyst (CDC) with hyperamylasemia in children.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 61 symptomatic CDC patients with hyperamylasemia who underwent cyst excision and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy between July 2020 and November 2021. Patients were either in symptomatic phase or in remission at the time of surgery.

PARP7 inhibition stabilizes STAT1/STAT2 and relieves experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice.

The regulation of type I interferon signaling is crucial for precisely tuning the innate immune response to combat pathogen invasions, fight cancer, and prevent autoimmune diseases. PARP7, a mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase also called TiPARP (tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin [TCDD]-inducible PARP), is reported to inhibit the production of type I interferons. Here, we find that PARP7 suppresses type I interferon signaling instead of interferon production.

HER2-targeted agents and interstitial lung disease: A real-world pharmacovigilance analysis using FAERS data.

IntroductionThere has been a growing concern regarding the interstitial lung disease (ILD) associated with HER2-targeted agents. This study aimed to elucidate the risk and characteristics of ILD associated with anti-HER2 agents using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).MethodsData from 2004 Q1 to 2024 Q2 were extracted from the FAERS.

[Imaging changes of the intervertebral disc after posterior cervical single door enlarged laminoplasty for cervical spinal stenosis with disc herniation].

Objective: To explore prevalence, incidence and possible factors of immediate herniated discs after posterior cervical expansive open-door laminoplasty (EODL).

Methods: Totally 29 patients with cervical spinal stenosis and intervertebral disc herniation who underwent EODL from October 2020 to December 2021 were collected, including 24 males and 5 females, aged from 43 to 81 years old with an average of (61.3±9.

Deciphering the Thiolactonization Mechanism in Thiolactomycin Biosynthesis.

Thiolactomycin (), which features a unique γ-thiolactone ring, is a promising antibiotic candidate that specifically targets bacterial type II fatty acid synthase. Despite extensive studies on its pharmacological activities, modes of action, and chemical synthesis, the enzymatic processes responsible for forming the activity-determining γ-thiolactone ring have remained largely unknown. Here, we resolve this problem by revealing that the condensation and heterocyclization (Cy) domain of the nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) TlnC (TlnC), along with the cytochrome P450 enzyme TlnA, cooperatively enable the γ-thiolactone assembly.

Developing Dual-State Emission Berberine Derivatives as Theranostic Agents by Reducing Nonradiative Transition Pathways.

Berberine, an antibacterial natural product, shows promise as a theranostic agent. However, berberine exhibits moderate antibacterial efficacy and limited water solubility, restricting its clinical application. In this study, we discovered that a berberine derivative B-12 exhibits dual-state emission (DSE) characteristics, and its photodynamic antibacterial activity is significantly higher than that of berberine and methylene blue.

Identification of Tumor-Specific Surface Proteins Enables Quantification of Extracellular Vesicle Subtypes for Early Detection of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, largely due to late-stage diagnosis. Reliable early detection methods are critically needed. PDAC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry molecules that reflect their parental tumor cells and are detectable in early disease stages, offering a promising noninvasive diagnostic approach.

Prenatal Valproic Acid Exposure Impairs Offspring Cognition Through Disturbing Interneuron Development.

Aims: Valproic acid (VPA) exposure during the gestational period has been found to impair the cognition of the offspring. The study aimed to investigate whether VPA leads to offspring cognitive impairment through disturbing interneuron development.

Methods: Pregnant mice were injected with VPA peritoneally to establish the prenatal VPA exposure model.

Inhibition of osteocyte apoptosis does not prevent iron overload-induced bone resorption and bone loss.

Iron overload leads to apoptosis and increased expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) in osteocytes, which in turn accelerates osteoclastogenesis. Since osteocytes are the main RANKL producers, we hypothesized that apoptotic osteocytes increase RANKL expression in osteocytes, which in turn stimulates osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. In this study, alendronate or IG9402, a bisphosphonate (BP) analog which does not inhibit bone resorption, inhibited iron overload-induced osteocyte apoptosis and increased RANKL expression.

Effects of grassland degradation on soil ecological stoichiometry and soil microbial community on the South of the Greater Khingan Mountains.

Grassland which covers 40% of terrestrial land is an important ecosystem having a multitude of functions, which has suffered various degrees of degradation with the interaction between global climate change and unreasonable human utilization (e.g., grazing and reclamation).

Bi-Plane Multicolor Scanning Illumination Microscopy with Multispot Excitation and a Distorted Diffraction Grating.

Multifocus microscopy has previously been demonstrated to provide volumetric information from a single shot. However, the practical application of this method is challenging due to its weak optical sectioning and limited spatial resolution. Here, we report on the combination of a distorted diffraction grating and multifocal scanning illumination microscopy to improve spatial resolution and contrast.

Comprehensive Mapping of Cyclotides from by Using Mass Spectrometry-Based Strategy.

Cyclotides are plant cyclic peptides with exceptional stability and diverse bioactivity, making them promising candidates for biomedical applications. Therefore, the study of cyclotides has attracted increasing attention in recent years. However, the existing cyclotide detection methods face limitations in sensitivity, accuracy, and reliability.

Cost-effectiveness of aumolertinib as first-line treatment for EGFR-mutated advanced nonsmall-cell lung cancer.

To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of aumolertinib as the epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated advanced nonsmall-cell lung cancer first-line treatment from the Chinese healthcare system perspective. A Markov model was developed based on the AENEAS trial. Only direct medical costs were considered in the model.

Local TSH/TSHR signaling promotes CD8 T cell exhaustion and immune evasion in colorectal carcinoma.

Background: Dysfunction of CD8 T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) contributes to tumor immune escape and immunotherapy tolerance. The effects of hormones such as leptin, steroid hormones, and glucocorticoids on T cell function have been reported previously. However, the mechanism underlying thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)/thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) signaling in CD8 T cell exhaustion and tumor immune evasion remain poorly understood.

An RNA Helicase DHX33 Inhibitor Shows Broad Anticancer Activity via Inducing Ferroptosis in Cancer Cells.

RNA helicase DHX33 has been identified as a critical factor promoting cancer development. In the present study, a previously developed small molecule inhibitor for DHX33, KY386, was found to robustly kill cancer cells via a new path, the ferroptosis pathway. Mechanistically, DHX33 promotes the expression of critical players in lipid metabolism including FADS1, FADS2, and SCD1 genes, thereby sensitizing cancer cells to ferroptosis mediated cell death.

Exogenous iron caused osteocyte apoptosis, increased RANKL production, and stimulated bone resorption through oxidative stress in a murine model.

Iron overload is a risk factor for osteoporosis due to its oxidative toxicity. Previous studies have demonstrated that an excessive amount of iron increases osteocyte apoptosis and receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand (RANKL) production, which stimulates osteoclast differentiation in vitro. However, the effects of exogenous iron supplementation-induced iron overload on osteocytes in vivo and its role in iron overload-induced bone loss are unknown.

Lead Optimization of Butyrolactone I as an Orally Bioavailable Antiallergic Agent Targeting FcγRIIB.

Food allergy (FA) poses a growing global food safety concern, yet no effective cure exists in clinics. Previously, we discovered a potent antifood allergy compound, butyrolactone I (BTL-I, ), from the deep sea. Unfortunately, it has a very low exposure and poor pharmacokinetic (PK) profile in rats.

Development and clinical validation of a dual ddPCR assay for detecting carbapenem-resistant in bloodstream infections.

Objective: (, AB) represents a major species of Gram-negative bacteria involved in bloodstream infections (BSIs) and shows a high capability of developing antibiotic resistance. Especially, carbapenem-resistant (CRAB) becomes more and more prevalent in BSIs. Hence, a rapid and sensitive CRAB detection method is of urgent need to reduce the morbidity and mortality due to CRAB-associated BSIs.

Preparation, characterization, antioxidant, and antifungal activity of phenyl/indolyl-acyl chitooligosaccharides.

In this study, carboxylic acids compounds were grafted onto chitooligosaccharides to prepare seven phenyl/indolyl-acyl chitooligosaccharides derivatives. The structures of the derivatives were characterized by IR spectroscopy, C NMR and elemental analysis. Meanwhile, antioxidant activities in vitro of the novel derivatives were analyzed.

A new AI-based approach for automatic identification of tea leaf disease using deep neural network based on hybrid pooling.

The degree of production efficiency and the quality of the commodities produced may both be directly impacted by the presence of illnesses in tea leaves. These days, this procedure may be automated with the use of artificial intelligence tools, and a number of approaches have been put out to satisfy these needs. Nonetheless, current research efforts have focused on improving diagnosis accuracy and expanding the variety of illnesses that might affect tea leaves.

Iron-Catalyzed C(sp)-C(sp) Coupling to Construct Quaternary Carbon Centers.

The construction of quaternary carbon centers via C-C coupling protocols remains challenging. The coupling of tertiary C(sp) with secondary or tertiary C(sp) counterparts has been hindered by pronounced steric clashes and many side reactions. Herein, we have successfully developed a type of bisphosphine ligand iron complex-catalyzed coupling reactions of tertiary alkyl halides with secondary alkyl zinc reagents and efficiently realized the coupling reaction between tertiary C(sp) and secondary C(sp) with high selectivity for the initial instance, which provided an efficient method for the construction of quaternary carbon centers with high steric hindrance.

Poly-β-cyclodextrin strengthen PrO porous oxidase mimic for dual-channel visual recognition of bioactive cysteine and Fe.

To conveniently monitor bioactive cysteine (Cys) and Fe in practice, a kind of poly-β-cyclodextrin strengthen praseodymium oxide (PrO) porous oxidase mimic (p-β-CD@PrO) was constructed by virtue of the strong coordination between nano PrO and poly-β-cyclodextrin substrate. After its microstructure and physicochemical property were characterized in detail, it was noted that porous p-β-CD@PrO exhibited excellent enzyme-like catalytic activity to accelerate the oxidation of 3,3',5,5,'-tetramethylbanzidine (TMB) and 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) ammonium salt (ABTS) with significant color-enhancement effect in the air. Based on the signal amplification, trace Cys could exclusively deteriorate the UV-vis absorbance at 653 nm of p-β-CD@PrO-TMB and Fe alter the one at 729 nm of p-β-CD@PrO-ABTS with visual color changes.

Preparation, characterization, antioxidant and antifungal activities of benzoic acid compounds grafted onto chitosan.

The current study created three novel chitosan derivatives named BACS, PIBACS, and MHBACS by grafting benzoic acid (BA), p-isopropyl benzoic acid (PIBA), and m-hydroxybenzoic acid (MHBA) onto chitosan (CS). The structures of the derivatives were investigated using infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (C NMR). The derivatives were discovered to be 45.