Editing a gibberellin receptor gene improves yield and nitrogen fixation in soybean.

Soybean is an important source of oil, protein, and feed. However, its yield is far below that of major cereal crops. The green revolution increased the yield of cereal crops partially through high-density planting of lodging-resistant semi-dwarf varieties, but required more nitrogen fertilizers, posing an environmental threat.

Fast-Charging and Long-Cycle Sodium-Ion Batteries Enabled by an Ultra-Stable Carbon Anode.

The realization of rapid-charging sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) with exceptional power density represents a pivotal challenge for next-generation electric vehicles. Currently, carbonaceous anodes are considered the most technologically mature yet rate-limited candidate approaching commercialization. To address the bottlenecks of slow ion transport and interfacial instability in conventional carbon architectures, a hierarchical anode material has been designed by incorporating g-CN electronic inert layer onto hollow carbon spheres (CN@HCS).

Clinical Stage Prompt Induced Multi-modal Prognosis.

Histology analysis of the tumor micro-environment integrated with genomic assays is widely regarded as the cornerstone for cancer analysis and survival prediction. This paper jointly incorporates genomics and Whole Slide Images (WSIs), and focuses on addressing the primary challenges involved in multi-modality prognosis analysis: 1) the high-order relevance is difficult to be modeled from dimensional imbalanced gigapixel WSIs and tens of thousands of genetic sequences, and 2) the lack of medical expertise and clinical knowledge hampers the effectiveness of prognosis-oriented multi-modal fusion. Due to the nature of the prognosis task, statistical priors and clinical knowledge are essential factors to provide the likelihood of survival over time, which, however, has been under-studied.

Strain heterogeneity in RuO for efficient acidic oxygen evolution reaction in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis.

Developing acid-stable and active ruthenium dioxide (RuO) catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial for facilitating the large-scale applications of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) for hydrogen production. Here, we propose a strain heterogeneity engineering strategy to simultaneously enhance the OER stability and activity of RuO electrocatalysts by introducing single-atom platinum (Pt). In a PEM water electrolyzer, the resultant Pt-RuO catalyst archives 3 A cm at a low voltage of 1.

Co-sustained Release Strategy of Nonflammable Gel Polymer Electrolytes Enables Long-Life Sodium Metal Batteries.

Sodium metal batteries (SMBs) with gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) are considered promising candidates for high energy-density batteries due to their high theoretical capacity and cost effectiveness. However, the intrinsic flammability of GPE poses challenges for their widespread application. Inspired by the concept of the capsules, a triethyl phosphate (TEP)-based GPE with co-sustained release effect has been designed.

Tuning Surface Coordination Environment of NiN by Fluorine Modification for Efficient Methanol Electrooxidation Assisted Hydrogen Evolution.

Replacing the kinetically sluggish oxygen evolution reaction with the thermodynamically favorable methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) represents a promising strategy for energy-efficient hydrogen production. However, optimizing electrocatalytic performance in the coupled hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and MOR requires precise regulation of the electrochemical coordination environment and a fundamental understanding of activity origins, posing a significant challenge. Here, a scalable strategy is developed that harnesses the high electronegativity of fluorine (F) to tailor the coordination environment of NiN, enhancing HER kinetics.

BRAF oncogenic mutants evade autoinhibition through a common mechanism.

Uncontrolled activation of the rat sarcoma (RAS)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway drives tumor growth, often because of oncogenic BRAF mutations. BRAF regulation, involving monomeric autoinhibition and activation by dimerization, has been intensely scrutinized, but mechanisms enabling oncogenic mutants to evade regulation remain unclear. By using cryo-electron microscopy, we solved the three-dimensional structures of the three oncogenic BRAF mutant classes, including the common V600E variant.

Spatial Heterogeneity in Soil Microbial Communities Impacts Their Suitability as Bioindicators for Evaluating Productivity in Agricultural Practices.

Soil microorganisms are increasingly recognized as critical regulators of farmland soil fertility and crop productivity. However, the impacts of spatial heterogeneity in soil microbial communities on bioindicators for evaluating agricultural practices remain poorly understood and warrant further validation. Through field experiments, this study investigated the differential effects of agricultural practice treatments on soil properties and bacterial communities between two main farmland soil compartments: intra-row and inter-row.

Multimodal analyses reveal genes driving electrophysiological maturation of neurons in the primate prefrontal cortex.

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is critical for myriad high-cognitive functions and is associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, using Patch-seq and single-nucleus multiomic analyses, we identified genes and regulatory networks governing the maturation of distinct neuronal populations in the PFC of rhesus macaque. We discovered that specific electrophysiological properties exhibited distinct maturational kinetics and identified key genes underlying these properties.

Concurrent chemotherapy for older patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A randomized clinical trial.

Introduction: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of two different radiotherapy strategies in elderly patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) using geriatric assessment.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a randomized phase 2 trial for older patients (≥ 65 years) with stage III-IVA NPC. Patients were randomized into either intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) alone (RT Arm) or concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT Arm).

Signaling Pathways Involved in Acute Pancreatitis.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common digestive emergency with high morbidity and mortality. Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of AP, including oxidative stress, disruptions in calcium homeostasis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammatory responses, and various forms of cell death. This review provides an overview of the typical signaling pathways involved and proposes the latest clinical translation prospects.

Effects of Antibiotics on First-line Immunotherapy in Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.

Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy has become the first-line treatment for recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (RM-NPC). However, the impact of antibiotic (ATB) use on the efficacy of immunotherapy in RM-NPC remains unclear. A total of 200 patients with RM-NPC who started first-line immunotherapy between October 2021 and September 2023 were included.

[Biological activity and antitumor effect of long-acting recombinant human interleukin-2 drug].

Objective: To investigate the biological activity and antitumor effect of pegylated recombinant human interleukin 2 (PEG-rhIL-2) obtained by site-specific conjugation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) with non-natural amino acids, and to explore its antitumor mechanism.

Methods: The binding activities of PEG-rhIL-2 at three different sites (T41, Y45, and V91) to human interleukin 2 receptors α (IL-2R) and β (IL-2R) and were detected by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology. Western blot was used to detect the levels of the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (JAK-STAT5) signaling pathway activated by different doses of rhIL-2 and PEG-rhIL-2 in CTTL-2 and YT cells.

Genome-Wide Identification of the Gene Family and the Influence of Natural Variations in on Salt and Cold Stress Tolerance in .

Saline-alkali stress and cold damage significantly impact the yield of . G proteins play a crucial role in plant resistance to abiotic stresses, and research on G proteins in (rapeseed) is still in its early stages. In this study, we employed bioinformatics tools to systematically investigate the basic physicochemical properties, phylogenetic relationships, distribution, gene structure, cis-regulatory elements, and expansion patterns of the gene family in .

Effects of information involvement on subjective well-being during public health emergencies: the mediating roles of emotional regulation and social support.

Subjective well-being is an important criterion to measure the quality of individual life. Based on social support theory and emotional regulation theory, this research tests the effects of individual and environmental factors on subjective well-being during public health emergencies. 1,488 valid samples were collected through an online questionnaire survey.

Study on the changes of extracellular matrix morphology and components in COPD animal model by using lung decellularized scaffold.

Airway remodeling is a critical pathological process that influences the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). To better study small airway remodeling in COPD, we employed advanced techniques such as decellularized scaffolds, immunofluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, and proteomics to analyze morphological and compositional changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Our study revealed significant ultrastructural abnormalities in the decellularized scaffolds from the COPD group, including thinning of alveolar septa, enlargement of alveolar spaces, and fusion of multiple alveoli.

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor for newly diagnosed glioblastoma.

Background: There is a clear need to improve the efficiency of therapeutic strategy for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), temozolomide and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) for patients with newly diagnosed GBM.

Methods: Patients were treated with hypofractionated IMRT (15 × 3.

Adjuvant PD-1 Blockade With Camrelizumab for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: The DIPPER Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Approximately 20% to 30% of patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) experience disease relapse despite definitive chemoradiotherapy. The programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) blockade camrelizumab has demonstrated considerable value in recurrent or metastatic NPC, while its role in locoregionally advanced NPC is unclear.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of adjuvant camrelizumab for patients with locoregionally advanced NPC.

The Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Superfamily in L.: Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis Under Low-Temperature Conditions.

The Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) superfamily comprises a group of NAD or NADP-dependent enzymes that play essential roles in responding to abiotic stresses in plants. In L., however, the increasing frequency of extremely low temperatures during winter in recent years has significantly affected both yield and quality.

RNA-Based Therapies in Kidney Diseases.

Kidney diseases are major global health challenges, affecting over 750 million people worldwide. Despite significant efforts, effective treatment strategies are still insufficient. In recent years, RNA therapeutics have made substantial progress, and an increasing number of nucleic acid-based therapies have been approved, showing potential for treating various diseases (including kidney diseases).

Comparative study of peroxymonosulfate activation with HO activation by Cu-N doped biochar derived from peach gum network for rapid antibiotic removal.

The design and development of efficient biochar catalysts is an urgent need for the removal of toxic contaminants from water bodies. Peach gum (PG) is a natural colloid featuring a heteropolysaccharide macromolecule structure. Herein, Cu was anchored to the macromolecule of peach gum with dicyandiamide serving as the auxiliary ligand.

Latitudinal variations in incubation behaviour among uniparental incubating birds.

Uniparental incubating birds must resolve the trade-off between self-maintenance and incubation. This balance manifests through diverse incubation behaviours that vary significantly among species and geographic regions. However, limited research has examined the variability of incubation behaviours across species and regions.

The efficacy and safety of Vonoprazan and Tegoprazan in eradication: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB)-based therapies are emerging as promising alternatives for eradicating infection. However, the comparative efficacy of P-CAB-based therapy versus proton-pump inhibitor (PPI)-based therapy in treating infection remains uncertain.

Objectives: This meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of P-CAB-based therapies, including Vonoprazan (VPZ) and Tegoprazan (TPZ), compared to PPI-based therapies for infection.