Histopathologic discrepancies between endoscopic forceps biopsy and resection specimens in duodenal papillary lesions: a retrospective study.

Background: Endoscopic papillectomy (EP) has been used for the treatment of duodenal papillectomy, and the results of preoperative endoscopic biopsy are important for the selection of treatment plans for the patients. However, some lesions cannot be precisely diagnosed based solely on biopsy results. In the study, we attempted to assess the accuracy of histopathological diagnosis of endoscopic forceps biopsy and to avoid over - or under-treatment.

[Traditional Chinese medicine to treat oligoasthenozoospermia by regulating cellular autophagy].

Oligoasthenozoospermia (OAS) is the main factor for male infertility, and the cause and pathogenesis of the disease remain unknown. Emerging data indicate that cellular autophagy is closely correlated with male reproduction, especially the biosynthetic and catabolic processes of spermatogenesis and sperm maturation. Nonetheless, it is not yet clear whether autophagy plays a protective or a harmful role in these processes.

Noise and artifact suppression in SQUID and wearable OPM-MEG: A systematic review of background, physiological, and Technical interference.

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a non-invasive imaging technique that captures neural activity with high spatio-temporal resolution. In recent years, novel wearable devices based on Optically Pumped Magnetometer (OPM) have emerged as a new driving force for advancing MEG due to their cost-effectiveness, portability, and mobility. In practical applications, MEG signals are frequently influenced by various interference sources, resulting in degradation of signal quality.

Electrical alternans of the Q-T interval and fatal arrhythmias caused by neonatal cardiac tumor: a case report.

Primary cardiac tumors in the fetal and neonatal populations are rare. In neonates, these tumors may present with a range of clinical manifestations, from asymptomatic cases to severe arrhythmias, valvular obstruction, and cardiac dysfunction. This report describes a case of fatal malignant arrhythmia caused by a cardiac tumor in an 8-day-old neonate.

DEPTOR alleviates LPS-induced inflammation and ER stress in WI-38 cells.

Background: Pediatric pneumonia is a severe inflammatory condition frequently precipitated by bacterial endotoxins, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which can elicit oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and apoptotic cell death. DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein (DEPTOR), an endogenous inhibitor of mTOR signaling, has been implicated in the regulation of inflammation and ER homeostasis. However, its specific function in the pathogenesis of pneumonia remains poorly defined.

Gut microbiota derived butyrate enhances ferroptosis sensitivity in endometriosis through FFAR2/PPAR-γ/PINK1/Parkin mediated mitophagy.

Endometriosis (EMs) is a chronic, estrogen-dependent disease defined by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity. Gut microbiota has emerged as potent inducer for chronic inflammatory disease, yet whether its mechanism in EMs remains elusive. In vivo EMs models were established using both microbiota-depleted (MD) and control mice to explore the role of gut microbiota in EMs.

Oral Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonists in the Treatment of Endometriosis: Advances in Research.

Non-peptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor antagonists exhibit remarkable potency and specificity in inhibiting GnRH receptor activity. The orally administered versions of these drugs, notably elagolix and relugolix, have obtained official clearance in various countries for treating moderate-to-severe endometriosis-related pain. Concurrently, linzagolix and opigolix (ASP1707) continue to advance through late-stage clinical trials.

P300-dependent acetylation of the FOXQ1 complex activates super-enhancers to promote colorectal cancer proliferation and metastasis.

The FOX transcription factor family plays a pivotal role in the malignant progression of tumors. We propose a hypothesis that FOXQ1 recruits p300 and BRD4 to super-enhancer regions. Our findings indicate that p300 acetylates Lys190 of FOXQ1, resulting in its recognition and binding by BRD4.

A type 1 diabetes genetic risk score discriminates between type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population.

Aims/hypothesis: We aimed to generate a population-specific type 1 diabetes genetic risk score (GRS) and assess whether it could improve discrimination between type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population.

Methods: We performed a genome-wide association analysis on 1303 individuals with type 1 diabetes and 2236 control individuals. An independent replication cohort of 501 individuals with type 1 diabetes and 853 control individuals was used to validate the top common variant associations.

Vedolizumab: Beyond Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Vedolizumab (VDZ) is a key therapeutic option for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, not responding to conventional treatments. An α4β7 integrin antagonist, VDZ, primarily prevents T-cell migration to the gut by inhibiting the binding of integrins to mucosal vascular address in cellular adhesion molecule. Its gut-selective mechanism of action and safety profile makes it a valuable intervention for treating non-IBD-related diseases, which are difficult to treat and lack standardized guidelines.

Protocol for purification, crystallization, and structure determination of the mpox virus mRNA cap N7 methyltransferase complex.

The mpox virus (MPXV) mRNA cap N7 methyltransferase (RNMT) methylates guanosine at mRNA 5'-cap N7 positions to enable immune evasion. Here, we present a protocol for E1-E12 complex purification and crystallization. We describe steps for rational sequence design of the complex, co-expression in E.

The Roles of CBX4 in Gastrointestinal Cancer.

Chromobox 4 (CBX4) is a polycomb group protein involved in epigenetic regulation via the polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) and its small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) ligase activity. It has been reported that CBX4 plays several oncogenic functions, contributing to tumor growth, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Elevated CBX4 expression is also correlated with poor patient prognosis and advanced tumor stages in multiple gastrointestinal cancers.

DNA methylation and its impact on ovarian steroidogenesis in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: insights from human and animal models.

Purpose: To review how DNA methylation affects ovarian steroidogenesis in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), with evidence from human and animal studies.

Recent Findings: Women with PCOS show global DNA hypomethylation and altered methylation of ovarian steroidogenic genes, contributing to hyperandrogenism. Animal models of PCOS mirror these epigenetic changes and support a causal role, highlighting DNA methylation signatures as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Construction of [Zr]Zr-Labeled Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Noninvasive Detection of Tumors.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) act as carriers that transfer molecules between donor and recipient cells, thereby altering the phenotype and function of the latter. EVs derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) inherit the homing ability of their parent cells to tumor sites. We speculate that MSC-derived EVs labeled with the isotope zirconium-89 ([Zr]Zr) will accumulate within tumors and have the potential for tumor location via positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.

Hypoxia-responsive core-cross-linked supramolecular nanoprodrug based on dendritic drug-drug conjugates for synergetic anticancer therapy.

Background: Recently, the strategy of self-assembling dendritic drug-drug conjugates into supramolecular nanoprodrug was widely explored in biomedical applications. Herein, we construct a hypoxia-responsive core-cross-linked supramolecular nanoprodrug (CSN-IR806/CB) based on a dendritic drug-drug conjugate.

Methods: We prepared a hypoxia-responsive dendritic drug-drug conjugates IR806-(Azo-CB), which was combined with β-cyclodextrin-pendant poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(glutamic acid) block copolymer (PEG-PGlu-CD) to construct the core-cross-linked supramolecular nanoprodrug (CSN-IR806/CB) with enhanced physiological stability through the synergy of π-π stacking interaction, host-guest complexation, hydrogen bonds, and hydrophobic interaction.

Ginsenoside Rb1 combined with Lycium barbarum polysaccharide alleviate the Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside-induced oligoasthenozoospermia in mice by inhibiting ZnT3-mediated oxidative stress response.

Background: Oligoasthenozoospermia (OAS) is one of the main causes of male infertility. Studies have shown that ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) and Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) have great potential in treating OAS. This study aims to investigate the effects of combined GRb1 and LBP treatment on OAS and the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Signaling Pathways Involved in Acute Pancreatitis.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common digestive emergency with high morbidity and mortality. Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of AP, including oxidative stress, disruptions in calcium homeostasis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammatory responses, and various forms of cell death. This review provides an overview of the typical signaling pathways involved and proposes the latest clinical translation prospects.

Construction of Bispecific T-Cell Engager Radiotracer and Its Micro-PET Evaluation in Pancreatic Cancer.

Mucin 17 (MUC17), a transmembrane mucin, is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer and is associated with tumor proliferation and metastasis. CD3 is an indispensable molecule on the surface of T lymphocytes, which is associated with T cell activation and participates in immune responses. Here, we developed a bispecific T-cell engager radiotracer, Zr-M17C3, targeting MUC17 and CD3, to enable noninvasive PET imaging of both tumor cells and T-cell infiltration in pancreatic cancer.

Comparative efficacy and safety of vedolizumab and antitumor necrosis factor alfa in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: A meta‑analysis.

This meta-analysis directly compares the efficacy and safety of vedolizumab and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitors for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), contrary to the previous one which provided an indirect comparison. In this meta-analysis, only the studies that directly compared two treatments (vedolizumab and TNF-α inhibitors) to each other (head-to-head approach) were considered. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the following databases: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science.

RNA-Based Therapies in Kidney Diseases.

Kidney diseases are major global health challenges, affecting over 750 million people worldwide. Despite significant efforts, effective treatment strategies are still insufficient. In recent years, RNA therapeutics have made substantial progress, and an increasing number of nucleic acid-based therapies have been approved, showing potential for treating various diseases (including kidney diseases).

The gut microbiota: an emerging modulator of drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Liver cancer is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and is the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In addition to the lack of effective treatment options, resistance to therapeutic drugs is a major clinical challenge. The gut microbiota has recently been recognized as one of the key factors regulating host health.

MHKD: Multi-Step Hybrid Knowledge Distillation for Low-Resolution Whole Slide Images Glomerulus Detection.

Glomerulus detection is a critical component of renal histopathology assessment, essential for diagnosing glomerulonephritis. To mitigate the increasing workload on pathologists, AI-assisted diagnostic methods based on high-resolution digital pathology whole slide images have been developed. However, these current AI-assisted approaches are limited to high-resolution whole slide images, necessitating expensive digital scanner equipment, high image storage costs, and significant computational complexity.

Phosphoproteomics delineates hepatocellular carcinoma subtypes and pinpoints therapeutic targets.

Background And Aims: Only a minority of patients could benefit from systemic therapy owing to the high heterogeneity of HCC. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of HCC is essential for precision therapy. Genomic and proteomic studies of HCC have enhanced our understanding of HCC.