ScisTree2 enables large-scale inference of cell lineage trees and genotype calling using efficient local search.

In a multicellular organism, cell lineages share a common evolutionary history. Knowing this history can facilitate the study of development, aging, and cancer. Cell lineage trees represent the evolutionary history of cells sampled from an organism.

A Pure Spin Current in Organic Materials with Ratchet Mechanism.

The magnetic ratchet experiment demonstrates that directional spin diffusion can occur even in the absence of a net driving field. Inspired by these experiments, we utilize the Marcus theory to simulate spin-dependent charge hopping within a magnetic ratchet potential. Our results show that directional spin diffusion occurs only when both spatial and temporal conditions are satisfied simultaneously.

Unveiling causal relationship between white matter tracts and psychiatric disorders.

White matter tracts (WMTs), which mediate information transmission in the brain, are closely associated with the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders, yet the causality of their associations remain unclear. Thus, we employed two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization to explore the causality between WMTs and 10 psychiatric disorders. We found that one standard deviation changes of WMTs metrics modified risks for 8 psychiatric disorders by 2·2% to 71·4%.

Symptom-specific gut microbial and metabolic profiles in ADHD reveal SCFA deficiency as a Key pathogenic mechanism.

Previous evidence links gut microbiota to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) through the gut-brain axis. However, the specific microbiota contributing to symptoms remain unclear. To characterize the gut microbial profile related to different symptoms and explore the mediation mechanism between microbiota alterations and the core ADHD symptoms, we conducted shotgun metagenomic sequencing and fecal metabolomics analysis on 94 ADHD patients and 94 age- and gender-matched controls.

Germline genetic variation impacts clonal hematopoiesis landscape and progression to malignancy.

With age, clonal expansions occur pervasively across normal tissues yet only in rare instances lead to cancer, despite being driven by well-established cancer drivers. Characterization of the factors that influence clonal progression is needed to inform interventional approaches. Germline genetic variation influences cancer risk and shapes tumor mutational profile, but its influence on the mutational landscape of normal tissues is not well known.

Genome-wide identification and characterisation of Toll-like receptors in Chinese spiny frog ().

Introduction: Toll-like receptors (s) are pattern recognition receptors essential for immune defense against pathogens, activating the host's immune response by recognizing conserved pathogen structures. The Chinese spiny frog (), an amphibian native to southern China and northern Vietnam, has been severely impacted by recent infectious disease outbreaks caused by bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections, which threaten the sustainable development of the farming industry. However, the roles of () in combating these exogenous pathogens have not yet been explored.

Oral tranexamic acid, low-fluence intense pulsed light, and glycolic acid for the treatment of mixed melasma: An observational study.

This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of triple therapy with oral tranexamic acid (TA), low-fluence intense pulsed light (IPL), and glycolic acid (GA) peels versus the same regimen without GA for treating mixed melasma. Patients with mixed melasma were randomly divided into 2 groups, with 20 patients in each group. The treatment duration was 4 months.

Development and Initial Validation of the Multi-dimensional Attention Rating Scale in Highly Educated Adults.

Objectives: To report the development, validation, and findings of the Multi-dimensional Attention Rating Scale (MARS), a self-report tool crafted to evaluate six-dimension attention levels.

Methods: The MARS was developed based on Classical Test Theory (CTT) , with initial item selection and content validation conducted by six experts in psychiatry and psychology using the Delphi method. Healthy adult participants were recruited to complete the MARS and related scales, along with on-site measures.

Antianxiety effects of dexmedetomidine: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Despite numerous studies of the anxiolytic effects of dexmedetomidine compared with those of other drugs or saline, the results have been inconsistent. Here we report a systematic review and meta-analysis to comprehensively evaluate the evidence of the anxiolytic effects of dexmedetomidine.

Methods: This research has been registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews.

The application value of HRCT quantitative analysis in early pneumoconiosis and concomitant diseases.

This study aims to investigate the differential capabilities of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and digital radiography (DR) in detecting small opacity characteristics and distribution patterns in pneumoconiosis, while evaluating HRCT's potential for early diagnosis of disease-associated complications. A retrospective evaluation was conducted on the HRCT and DR imaging findings of 206 dust-exposed workers. Quantitative CT assessment was carried out for emphysema and diffuse coniofibrosis.

Transcriptome analysis reveals defense responses of alfalfa seedling roots to .

Introduction: is a major pathogen responsible for root rot in various plants, including alfalfa (). Additionally, this pathogen can also cause root diseases in alfalfa relatives, such as , soybean (), and mung bean (). This study aims to explore the interaction mechanisms between alfalfa and S.

Toward Graphene Field-Effect Transistor Array with Uniform Sensing Characteristics via a Clean Graphene Transfer Process.

The synthesis of uniform, low-defect graphene on copper foil is approaching an industrial scale. However, its practical application remains challenging due to the lack of an appropriate method for its clean transfer to a device substrate. In this study, we demonstrate the use of a lift-off resist (LOR) photoresist as a transfer-supporting layer, resulting in a truly clean transfer of graphene.

Time-restricted feeding reduced blood pressure and improved cardiac structure and function by regulating both circulating and local renin-angiotensin systems in spontaneously hypertensive rat model.

Objective: To investigate whether time-restricted feeding (TRF) can reduce blood pressure (BP) and improve cardiac structure and function in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) by regulating the renin-angiotensin system (RAS).

Methods: Wistar Kyoto rats and SHR underwent 16 weeks of TRF intervention, with daily feeding restricted to 9 am-5 pm. The effects of TRF on systolic BP, diastolic BP, mean BP, body weight (BW), heart weight (HW), HW/BW ratio, cardiac structure and function, and RAS activity in the circulating and left ventricular (LV) tissues were investigated.

Osteoporosis risk and its association with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among the elderly: a 16-year nationwide cohort study.

Background: Aged osteoporosis poses a significant threat to the well-being and longevity of older individuals, yet evidence regarding the relationship between osteoporosis risk and mortality among the elderly population in Asia remains unknown.

Aims: Our study aimed to investigate associations between osteoporosis risk and all-cause mortality, as well as cause-specific mortality, among the Chinese elderly population.

Methods: Pooled data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) conducted between 2002 and 2018 were utilized to analyze the associations between osteoporosis risk and all-cause, heart disease, cardiovascular disease (CVD), respiratory disease, and cancer mortality.

Glymphatic function decline as a mediator of core memory-related brain structures atrophy in aging.

Background And Objectives: This study aimed to elucidate the role of the glymphatic system-a crucial pathway for clearing waste in the brain-in the aging process and its contribution to cognitive decline. We specifically focused on the diffusion tensor imaging analysis along the perivascular space (ALPS) index as a noninvasive biomarker of glymphatic function.

Methods: Data were drawn from the Alzheimers Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database and a separate validation cohort to analyze the ALPS index in cognitively normal older adults.

Suppression of Nonradiative Decay in TADF Emitters via a Macrocyclic Strategy: An Experimental Study.

To experimentally investigate the impact of macrocyclic structures on the nonradiative decay rate constants () of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), a macrocyclic molecule L-ring and its analogue NL-ring were designed and synthesized. The photophysical measurements reveal their TADF characteristics, and the of the L-ring (4.19 × 10 s) is slower than that of the NL-ring (1.

The First Case of Serogroup Y and An Expanded Investigation of Healthy Carriers - Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China, 2023.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: (Nm) is a bacterial pathogen that causes meningococcal disease. Serogroups A, B, C, W, X, and Y account for the vast majority of cases. However, invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) caused by NmY is rare in China and has been reported only in Tianjin, Guangdong, Shanghai, and Hunan provinces and cities.

Mechanism and Performance Evaluation of a Strain Sensor Made from a Composite Hydrogel Containing Conductive Fibers of Thermoplastic Polyurethane and Polyvinyl Alcohol.

Monitoring human physiological conditions using flexible, stretchable strain sensors is an effective approach to prevent and treat critical illnesses, emergencies, and infectious diseases. However, achieving ultralow detection limits, high sensitivity, and a wide detection range in a cost-effective manner is challenging. In this study, a strain sensor was developed by embedding an adhesive hydrogel composed of polyvinyl alcohol, starch, and glutaraldehyde into conductive fibers made from thermoplastic polyurethane.

Effect of glucose-insulin-potassium on lactate levels at the end of surgery in patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Cytoreductive surgery combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) has been established as an effective treatment for peritoneal cancer (PC). However, this kind of combination therapy is associated with a high lactate level. Moreover, studies have suggested that the rate of complications early after surgery directly increased with elevated lactate levels.

Construction of Ternary Ce Metal-Organic Framework/Bi/BiOCl Heterojunction towards Optimized Photocatalytic Performance.

Photocatalysis is the most promising green approach to solve antibiotic pollution in water, but the actual treatment effect is limited by photocatalytic activity. Herein, Bi and BiOCl were loaded onto the surface of Ce-MOF (metal-organic framework) using an electrostatic adsorption method, and a special ternary heterojunction of Ce/Bi/BiOCl was successfully prepared as a photocatalyst for the degradation of tetracycline (TC). FTIR demonstrated that the obtained photocatalyst contains functional groups such as -COOH belonging to Ce-MOF and characteristic crystal planes of Bi and BiOCl, indicating the successful construction of a ternary photocatalyst.

Neonicotinoids as emerging contaminants in China's environment: a review of current data.

Neonicotinoids (NEOs), the most widely used class of insecticides, are pervasive in the environment, eliciting concerns due to their hydrophilicity, persistence, and potential ecological risks. As the leading pesticide consumer, China shows significant regional disparities in NEO contamination. This review explores NEO distribution, sources, and toxic risks across China.