A Pure Spin Current in Organic Materials with Ratchet Mechanism.

The magnetic ratchet experiment demonstrates that directional spin diffusion can occur even in the absence of a net driving field. Inspired by these experiments, we utilize the Marcus theory to simulate spin-dependent charge hopping within a magnetic ratchet potential. Our results show that directional spin diffusion occurs only when both spatial and temporal conditions are satisfied simultaneously.

Ibrutinib inhibits the replication of multiple poxviruses by targeting the Bruton tyrosine kinase.

The recent surge in global monkeypox (mpox) outbreaks highlights the critical need for developing antiviral agents targeting orthopoxvirus infections. Ibrutinib, a selective Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor initially approved by the FDA in 2013 for treating chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), has emerged as a potential antiviral candidate based on a high-throughput screening for its efficacy against vaccinia virus (VACV). This study evaluated the antiviral capability of ibrutinib against VACV, mpox virus (MPXV), and lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), demonstrating its strong antiviral activity against multiple poxviruses.

Risk Factor Analysis of Transient Ischaemic Attack for Moyamoya Disease after a First Combined Revascularization Surgery.

Objective: This study aims to elucidate the characteristics and risk factors for transient ischaemic attack (TIA) after the combined revascularization surgical procedure for first diagnosed Moyamoya disease (MMD) patients.

Methods: This retrospective study involved 129 patients with MMD who underwent their first combined revascularization with the FLOW 800 system at multiple centers from April 2019 to July 2023. Patients were divided into TIA and non-TIA groups according to whether TIA occurred within 6 months post-revascularization.

Seneca Valley virus 3C protease targets TRIM32 for cleavage to antagonize its antiviral effects.

Unlabelled: The Seneca Valley virus (SVV), a newly emerged virus within the family, causes porcine idiopathic vesicular disease, imposing substantial economic costs to the global pork industry. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified TRIM32 as a novel antiviral factor against SVV and found that SVV infection led to the cleavage and degradation of TRIM32.

Air-Level Oxygen Enables 100% Selectivity in Urea Synthesis via Photocatalytic C─N Coupling of CO and Ammonia.

The clean-energy-driven synthesis of urea from carbon- and nitrogen-containing small molecules has garnered significant interest but remained great challenges to achieve with high selectivity. Herein, we present a photocatalytic pathway for the selective urea synthesis through the oxidative coupling between CO and NH. The key factor in this process is the atmospheric O level, which plays a crucial role in controlling both the urea production rate and its selectivity.

Spin polaron in a chiral molecule with an all quantum model.

Recently, the chiral induced spin selectivity (CISS) has been demonstrated in different systems such as DNA, proteins, bacteriorhodopsin, helicene and other chiral molecules. In this phenomenon, the spin of the carriers will couple with the chirality of the system and exhibit special transport properties. The explanation of the mechanisms of CISS is still under debating, but it generally accepted that the chirality-induced spin-orbit coupling and the environment play pivotal roles.

A poxvirus ankyrin protein LSDV012 inhibits IFIT1 in a host-species-specific manner by compromising its RNA binding ability.

Poxviruses are large DNA viruses with an arsenal of immune-modulatory genes, many of which remain uncharacterized. Proteins with ankyrin repeats are distinct features of poxviruses, although the biological functions of ankyrin proteins are not fully understood. Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) encodes five proteins with ankyrin repeats.

The Seneca Valley virus 3C protease cleaves DCP1A to attenuate its antiviral effects.

Seneca Valley virus (SVV), a new member of Picornaviridae, causes idiopathic vesicular symptoms in pregnant sows and acute death in neonatal piglets, considerably damaging the swine industry. The viral protease 3C (3C) cleaves host immune-related molecules to create a favorable environment for viral replication. In this study, we found that mRNA decapping enzyme 1A (DCP1A) is a novel antiviral effector against SVV infection that targets 3D viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase for OPTN-mediated autophagic degradation.

Seneca Valley virus 3C protease cleaves HDAC4 to antagonize type I interferon signaling.

Unlabelled: Seneca Valley virus (SVV) is a newly identified pathogen that poses a notable threat to the global pig industry. SVV has evolved multiple strategies to evade host antiviral innate immune responses. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated.

Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Selectively Targets Human Cancer Cells With Low Expression of the Zinc-Finger Antiviral Protein.

Oncolytic viruses are emerging as promising cancer therapeutic agents, with several poxviruses, including vaccinia virus (VACV) and myxoma virus, showing significant potential in preclinical and clinical trials. Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), a laboratory-derived VACV strain approved by the FDA for mpox and smallpox vaccination, has been shown to be incapable of replicating in human cells unless zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP) is repressed. Notably, ZAP deficiency is prevalent in various cancer types.

Isolation and Identification of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus.

Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), a member of the capripoxvirus genus, induces lumpy skin disease (LSD) in cattle and buffalo populations. The initial documentation of LSD dates back to 1929 in Zambia, with subsequent rapid dissemination within the cattle community in Africa and Asia. Described as the "smallpox" equivalent in cattle, LSD manifests through clinical features such as fever, extensive cutaneous nodules, body wasting, lymph node enlargement, and skin edema.

The mechanisms underlying Li/Mg separation in ZIF-8 under an electric field from atomistic simulations.

In this study, we explore the mass transfer and separation mechanism of Li and Mg confined within the flexible nanoporous zeolite imidazolate framework ZIF-8 under the influence of an electric field, employing molecular dynamics simulation. Our results highlight that the electric field accelerates the dehydration process of ions and underscore the critical importance of ZIF-8 framework flexibility in determining the separation selectivity of the ZIF-8 membrane. The electric field is shown to diminish ion hydration in the confined space of ZIF-8, notably disrupting the orientation of water molecules in the first hydration shells of ions, leading to an asymmetrical ionic hydration structure characterized by the uniform alignment of water dipoles.

The role of plume-lithosphere interaction in Hawaii-Emperor chain formation.

Paleolatitudes of volcanic rocks reveal that prominent changes in volcanic trend of the Hawaii-Emperor hotspot chain represent meridional migration of the magma source. However, models assuming latitudinal plume migration fail to explain the observed age distribution, rock composition, and erratic paleolatitude changes of the oldest Emperor seamounts. Here we use data-assimilation models to better reproduce the Hawaii-Emperor hotspot track by systematically considering plate reconstruction, plume-lithosphere interaction, and simplified melt generation and migration.

Halogen atom regulation of acceptor-donor-acceptor type conjugated molecules for photothermal antibacterial and antibiofilm therapy.

Drug-resistant bacteria and biofilm have caused serious public health problems. It is necessary to develop a treatment that is highly effective against drug-resistant bacteria without inducing drug resistance. Herein, we prepare a series of nanoparticles based on three conjugated molecules (BTP-BrCl, BTP-ClBr, and BTP-ClmBr) with acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) structure.

Trimerized S expressed by modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) confers superior protection against lethal SARS-CoV-2 challenge in mice.

Unlabelled: The reoccurrence of successive waves of SARS-CoV-2 variants suggests the exploration of more vaccine alternatives is imperative. Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is a virus vector exhibiting excellent safety as well as efficacy for vaccine development. Here, a series of recombinant MVAs (rMVAs) expressing monomerized or trimerized S proteins from different SARS-CoV-2 variants are engineered.

Regulating Spin Density using TEMPOL Molecules for Enhanced CO-to-Ethylene Conversion by HKUST-1 Framework Derived Electrocatalysts.

The selectivity of multicarbon products in the CO reduction reaction (CORR) depends on the spin alignment of neighboring active sites, which requires a spin catalyst that facilitates electron transfer with antiparallel spins for enhanced C-C coupling. Here, we design a radical-contained spin catalyst (TEMPOL@HKUST-1) to enhance CO-to-ethylene conversion, in which spin-disordered (SDO) and spin-ordered (SO) phases co-exist to construct an asymmetric spin configuration of neighboring active sites. The replacement of axially coordinated HO molecules with TEMPOL radicals introduces spin-spin interactions among the Cu(II) centers to form localized SO phases within the original HO-mediated SDO phases.

Phosphorus stoichiometric homeostasis of submerged macrophytes and associations with interspecific interactions and community stability in Erhai Lake, China.

According to stoichiometric homeostasis theory, eutrophication is expected to increase the dominance of submerged macrophytes with low homeostatic regulation coefficients (H) relative to those with high H values, ultimately reducing macrophyte community stability. However, empirical evidence supporting this hypothesis is limited. In this study, we conducted a three-year tracking survey (seven sampling events) at 81 locations across three regions of Erhai Lake.

The Tandem Nitrate and CO Reduction for Urea Electrosynthesis: Role of Surface N-Intermediates in CO Capture and Activation.

Electrochemical reduction of CO and nitrate offers a promising avenue to produce valuable chemicals through the using of greenhouse gas and nitrogen-containing wastewater. However, the generally proposed reaction pathway of concurrent CO and nitrate reduction for urea synthesis requires the catalysts to be both efficient in both CO and nitrate reduction, thus narrowing the selection range of suitable catalysts. Herein, we demonstrate a distinct mechanism in urea synthesis, a tandem NO and CO reduction, in which the surface amino species generated by nitrate reduction play the role to capture free CO and subsequent initiate its activation.

Genomic analysis of lumpy skin disease virus asian variants and evaluation of its cellular tropism.

Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) is a poxvirus that mainly affects cattle and can lead to symptoms such as severe reduction in milk production as well as infertility and mortality, which has resulted in dramatic economic loss in affected countries in Africa, Europe, and Asia. In this study, we successfully isolated two strains of LSDV from different geographical regions in China. Comparative genomic analyses were performed by incorporating additional LSDV whole genome sequences reported in other areas of Asia.

Identification and characterization of the TetR family transcriptional regulator NffT in .

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) by rhizobia is not only the main natural bionitrogen-source for organisms but also a green process leveraged to increase the fertility of soil for agricultural production. However, an insufficient understanding of the regulatory mechanism of SNF hinders its practical application. During SNF, signaling is essential for the biosynthesis of nitrogenases and electron transfer chain proteins.

Ethanol Extract of Ameliorates Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury via Upregulating Sirt1 and Subsequent Potentiation of LKB1/AMPK/Nrf2 Cascade in Hepatocytes.

Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury is a common hepatic disease resulting from drug abuse. Few targeted treatments are available clinically nowadays. The flower bud of has a wide range of biological activities.

Hybrid Machine-Learning-Based Prediction Model for the Peak Dilation Angle of Rock Discontinuities.

The peak dilation angle is an important mechanical feature of rock discontinuities, which is significant in assessing the mechanical behaviour of rock masses. Previous studies have shown that the efficiency and accuracy of traditional experimental methods and analytical models in determining the shear dilation angle are not completely satisfactory. Machine learning methods are popular due to their efficient prediction of outcomes for multiple influencing factors.

Surface hopping simulations on charge separation in an organic donor-acceptor system.

Charge separation in organic solar cells is a long-lasting and heavily debated issue. Here, we use the surface hopping method based on the Pariser-Parr-Pople (PPP) Hamiltonian and configuration interaction singles (CIS) approximation to simulate the charge separation process in an organic donor-acceptor system. The system is composed of one donor polymer chain and four acceptor polymer chains, and they are all stacked face-to-face.

Human FAM111A inhibits vaccinia virus replication by degrading viral protein I3 and is antagonized by poxvirus host range factor SPI-1.

Zoonotic poxviruses such as mpox virus (MPXV) continue to threaten public health safety since the eradication of smallpox. Vaccinia virus (VACV), the prototypic poxvirus used as the vaccine strain for smallpox eradication, is the best-characterized member of the poxvirus family. VACV encodes a serine protease inhibitor 1 (SPI-1) conserved in all orthopoxviruses, which has been recognized as a host range factor for modified VACV Ankara (MVA), an approved smallpox vaccine and a promising vaccine vector.

The influence of force fields on the structure and dynamics of water confined in ZIF-8 from atomistic simulations.

The complexity of modeling flexible crystals, such as ZIF-8, mainly stems from the handling of intramolecular interactions. Numerous force fields have been proposed in the literature to describe the interactions between atoms in ZIF-8. We employ seven force fields to examine the structure and dynamic behavior of water molecules confined in ZIF-8, with the aim of investigating the impact of force fields on simulation results.