Ultrasonic evaluation of porosity under microstructures-induced coupling effects in LPBF-fabricated alloys.

The designability of Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technology for material microstructure enables the fabrication of high-performance additive manufactured (AM) components. However, challenges remain due to inevitable pores induced by laser shock and parameter fluctuations during manufacturing, which introduce uncertainties in both porosity and microstructures. In this work, ultrasonic bulk wave is employed to evaluate porosity within the context of coupled pore-microstructure effects.

A CDK11-dependent RNA polymerase II pause-checkpoint precedes CDK9-mediated transition to transcriptional elongation.

Controlled gene expression is achieved through the intricate regulation of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) progression through transcription-cycle checkpoints. While the contribution of CDK9 for Pol II pause-release is well established, the requirement for other cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we propose a critical role for CDK11 in the Pol II pausing-to-elongation transition at a checkpoint that precedes and is independent from CDK9.

Bond quality assessment of CFRP lap joints using shear guided waves cutoff frequency.

Ensuring the integrity of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) bonded structures is critical due to their widespread use in aerospace and other high-performance industries. However, inspecting the bondline in these structures remains a significant challenge due to the anisotropic nature of CFRP and the complexity of its bonding interfaces. Conventional guided waves-based inspection techniques, typically developed for isotropic materials, often fail to reliably indicate bond quality.

Assessing the impacts of climate change and human activities on distribution of Lophatherum gracile in China using the maxent model.

The combined effects of climate change and human activities are reshaping species distributions, with many valuable plant species also being affected. This study uses the Maximum Entropy (Maxent) model to assess the current and future distribution of Lophatherum gracile Brongn. in China under different environmental and anthropogenic scenarios.

A novel broad host range phage phiA85 displays a synergistic effect with antibiotics targeting carbapenem-resistant .

Unlabelled: Carbapenem-resistant (CRKP) poses a major public health threat worldwide due to the limited treatment options available. There is an urgent need to explore new treatment strategies. Although phages are considered to be an effective treatment, most characterized phages demonstrate narrow host ranges restricted to specific capsular types (KL types), thereby limiting their clinical applicability.

Switchable Bidirectional Sound Absorption Via Exceptional Point Modulation in Acoustic Metastructures with Interleaved Resonator Coupling.

Physics-driven acoustic metamaterials offer unprecedented capabilities in manipulating sound wave propagation. Among these, sound-absorbing metamaterials emerge as powerful tools for achieving subwavelength control and high-efficiency absorption. However, most existing designs are typically constrained to unidirectional absorption, limiting their applicability in noise-sensitive scenarios requiring bidirectional control.

Chromosome-level genome assembly of the vegetable leafminer Liriomyza sativae (Diptera: Agromyzidae).

So far, the chromosome-level genome assembly of only one species has been known for the family Agromyzidae. The vegetable leafminer, Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, 1938, is a highly polyphagous invasive pest that poses a significant threat to a wide range of vegetable crops. However, genomic resources for this species remain unavailable, impeding our understanding of its invasive traits and extensive adaptability.

Closed-loop cathode recycling of spent lithium batteries via green deep eutectic solvents and oxalic acid.

The eco-friendly recovery of strategic metals from spent lithium-ion batteries is pivotal for realizing circular economy goals. This study introduces a low-viscosity hydrated deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of citric acid (CA) and choline chloride (ChCl) for the efficient extraction of crucial metals from spent LiNiCoMnO (NCM) cathodes. The leaching parameters were optimized within response surface methodology (RSM), and maximum extraction efficiencies of 97.

Comparison of overnight trends in relative power for specific frequency bands, sleep stages, and brain regions between patients with depressive disorder and matched control subjects.

Most EEG studies of MDD examined mean differences in frequency-band-specific power between MDD patients and control subjects; however, a few studies looked for differences in temporal trends in power. We focused on overnight time trends in relative power using polysomnography studies of 544 patients with MDD and 1662 age- and sex-matched controls. We sought to replicate our finding on MDD with an additional 653 patients with depressive disorder (DD) and 1959 age- and sex-matched controls.

Age Trajectories of O Saturation and Levels of Serum Bicarbonate or End-Tidal CO Across the Life Course of Women and Men: Insights from EHR and PSG Data.

To elucidate the changes in gas exchange across the life course, we estimated the age trajectories of O saturation, CO (as either end-tidal or serum bicarbonate), resting heart rate, and resting respiratory rate from age 2 yr onward in female and male patients separately. We utilized two sources' data: electronic health records (EHR) representing ambulatory visits of approximately 53,000 individuals and sleep clinic polysomnogram (PSG) records representing an additional ~21,000. We used linear regression to estimate age-group-specific mean response levels for women and men.

Scaling acoustic vortex traps with topological charge.

Three-dimensional trapping of Mie particles using acoustic vortices has been demonstrated through experimental studies leveraging metasurfaces and transducer arrays. While extensive analytical and numerical studies have explored the properties and dimensions of vortex beams, a comprehensive investigation into the dependence of trap size, stability, and positioning on the focused vortex's topological charge remains lacking. This study presents an analytical, numerical, and experimental analysis of focused vortex particle trapping generated by a plane wave transducer equipped with a phase-modifying metalens.

Higher prevalence of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates with high-risk multidrug resistance in Asia.

Background: The emergence of hypervirulent and antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates poses a significant global public health threat, necessitating stringent prevention and control strategies on an international scale. However, current research efforts are often geographically restricted and lack integration of large-scale data analyses, limiting the understanding of the global prevalence and molecular epidemiology of K. pneumoniae.

A chromosomal-level genome assembly of Araneus marmoreus Schenkel, 1953 (Araneae: Araneidae).

The marbled orb-weaver spider, Araneus marmoreus (Araneae: Araneidae), is distinguished by its unique inflated, pumpkin-like abdomen. Numerous genome studies have been conducted on Araneidae species, providing insights into their unique biological traits. However, studies on A.

Highly Efficient Circularly Polarized Luminescence Based on Center-Chiral Frustrated Lewis Pairs.

Achieving high-efficiency circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) presents a significant challenge, particularly for center-chiral systems, due to the inherent trade-off between high luminescence efficiency and large luminescence dissymmetry factors. In this work, we introduce a center-chiral frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) design to overcome this limitation. By integrating a stereogenic carbon center into a fluorene scaffold, we create a unique interaction between a boron-based multi-resonance (MR) thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) Lewis acid and an arylamine Lewis base.

Imaging the evolution of lithium-solid electrolyte interface using operando scanning electron microscopy.

The quality of Li-solid electrolyte interface is crucial for the performance of solid-state lithium metal batteries, particularly at low stack pressure, but its dynamics during cell operation remain poorly understood due to a lack of reliable operando characterization techniques. Here, we report the evolution of Li-electrolyte interface with high spatial resolution using operando scanning electron microscopy under realistic operating conditions. By tracking the stripping process of both Li and Li-rich Li-Mg alloy anodes, we show that multiple voids coalesce into a single gap and eventually delaminate the interface in Li, whereas the voids split and collapse to partially recover interfacial contact in Li-Mg.

Mechanistic Insights into Maltol-Mediated Reversal of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis via Regulation of CDK14 Ubiquitination in Macrophages.

Maltol, primarily derived from Korean red ginseng, exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by modulating macrophage polarization and has potential therapeutic effects on postmenopausal osteoporosis, a condition linked to inflammation. This study explored the molecular mechanisms underlying maltol's ability to inhibit M1 macrophage polarization and regulate osteoblast differentiation via macrophage-mediated pathways. Using in vitro and in vivo models, we demonstrated that maltol upregulates RNF213, which inhibits the CDK14-Pdgfrβ signaling pathway, suppressing M1 polarization and reducing NFκB phosphorylation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production.

Metabolomics Insights into Gut Microbiota and Functional Constipation.

The composition and metabolic activity of the gut microbiota play a crucial role in various health conditions, including the occurrence and development of chronic constipation. Recent metabolomic advances reveal that gut microbiota-derived metabolites-such as SCFAs, bile acids, neurotransmitters, and microbial gases-play critical roles in regulating intestinal function. We systematically analyzed the current literature on microbial metabolomics in chronic constipation.

Association of the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) with COPD prevalence and all-cause mortality: a population-based study based on NHANES 2007-2016.

Background: The non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) plays a potential role in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. However, its association with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not well-defined. Here, we aim to investigate the potential association of NHHR with both the prevalence of COPD and all-cause mortality among individuals with COPD.

The E3 ligase c-Cbl modulates microglial phenotypes and contributes to Parkinson's disease pathology.

Microglial activation, particularly the polarization between classical (M1 phenotype) and alternative (M2 phenotype) states, plays pivotal roles in the immune pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), with the M1 phenotype exerting neurotoxic effects and the M2 phenotype conferring neuroprotection. Modulating microglial polarization toward the M2 phenotype holds therapeutic potential for PD. This study investigated the role of c-Cbl, an E3 ubiquitin ligase implicated in modulating microglial phenotypes and protecting dopaminergic neurons.

Assessment of recombinant Lactobacillus vector-based expressing IFITM3 protein anti-PRV infection in mice.

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) causes high mortality encephalitis in newborn piglets, abortion and stillbirth in sows, resulting in huge economic losses to the swine industry. Interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) play a crucial role in the innate immune response triggered by viral infection. Lactic acid bacteria (LABs) are good candidates for the development of new oral vaccines and are attractive alternatives to attenuated pathogens.

Desmosome mutations impact the tumor microenvironment to promote melanoma proliferation.

Desmosomes are transmembrane protein complexes that contribute to cell-cell adhesion in epithelia and other tissues. Here, we report the discovery of frequent genetic alterations in the desmosome in human cancers, with the strongest signal seen in cutaneous melanoma, where desmosomes are mutated in more than 70% of cases. In primary but not metastatic melanoma biopsies, the burden of coding mutations in desmosome genes is associated with a strong reduction in desmosome gene expression.

Genomic analysis and therapeutic efficacy evaluation of bacteriophage PK2420 for pneumonia caused by hypervirulent (K20 serotype).

Hypervirulent (hvKp) strains are increasingly recognized for their aggressive nature, which leads to severe clinical outcomes. The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains constitutes a substantial challenge for clinical management. Phage therapy offers a potential solution to the antibiotic resistance crisis.

Parallel comparison of T cell and B cell subpopulations of adenoid hypertrophy and tonsil hypertrophy of children.

The adenoids and tonsils are important immune organs of the nasopharynx that often become hypertrophic in childhood because of recurrent pathogen infection. However, the differences in the immune microenvironment of adenoid hypertrophy (AH) and tonsil hypertrophy (TH) are unclear. Here, we show the epidemiological characteristics and peripheral blood cell indices of 1209 pediatric patients (1-15 years old) diagnosed with AH, and find that AH is often accompanied by TH and characterized by specific changes in immune cell types.

Shenxiong Yixin Decoction polysaccharides exert therapeutic effects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via intestinal exosomal microRNA-21 regulation.

Background And Objective: Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) presents a prevalent global clinical challenge without an optimal treatment strategy. Shenxiong Yixin Decoction exhibits promising cardioprotective effects in clinical scenarios. Polysaccharides, particularly pivotal in cardioprotection, act systemically through the intestine.