Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Synthesis of Amide-Containing 3,4-Dihydroisoquinolin-1(2)-ones from -Propargylamides.

A palladium-catalyzed cyclization and carbonylation of -propargylamides with amines has been developed, which incorporates an amide unit into 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2)-one scaffolds. By using benzene-1,3,5-triyl triformate (TFBen) as the safe and convenient CO source, the reaction proceeded smoothly to afford a variety of amide-containing 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2)-one derivatives in high yields.

[Research progress in natural products for regulating intestinal microecology and treating liver diseases].

Liver diseases have become a major challenge threating the global health, posing a heavy burden on both social and personal well-being. In recent years, the development of the gut-liver axis theory has provided new research perspectives and intervention strategies for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases. Natural products, recognized as biological molecules with diverse sources, rich activities, and minimal side effects, demonstrate great potential in regulating intestinal flora and improving liver health.

A new individually designed 3D printing guide plate-assisted internal fixator (INFIX) surgery for the treatment of pelvic fractures.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of 3D-printed guide plate-assisted descending INFIX technology in the management of unstable pelvic ring injuries.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed the clinical data of 51 patients who underwent INFIX surgery for pelvic ring fractures at the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University between January 2023 and December 2024. Based on the use of 3D-printed guide plates, the patients were divided into two groups: conventional group ( = 28) and guide plate group ( = 23).

Leveraging machine learning to predict Parkinson's disease using pre-symptomatic proteomics data.

In Parkinson's disease, non-motor symptoms precede the characteristic motor manifestations by up to 20 years. However, predicting the disease risk remains challenging. We analyzed 2,937 plasma proteins assayed in UK Biobank participants with Parkinson's disease, and applied machine learning (ML) to predict disease outcome up to 14 years before diagnosis.

piR-61298 promotes colorectal cancer progression through destabilizing p53 by interacting with USP10.

PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs primarily found in germ cells. While piRNAs are known to be involved in various cancers, their specific roles in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. To elucidate the role of piRNAs in CRC, we first analyzed their expression characteristics by sequencing 10 pairs of tumor and adjacent normal tissues.

RNA-seq analysis identifies key genes and signaling pathways involved in androgen promotion of sebaceous gland proliferation in Hetian sheep.

Sebaceous glands (SGs), essential elements of the skin barrier in sheep, are tightly regulated by the androgen signaling pathway. This study investigated how androgens influence SGs hyperplasia in sheep by combining morphological assessments with transcriptomic analysis. Histological examination revealed a significant increase (P < 0.

Kupffer Cells Regulate iNKT Cells Through Il-12 to Mitigate the Extent of APAP-Induced Damage in the Liver.

To explore the innate immune response in the occurrence and development of APAP-induced drug-induced liver injury and the biological effect caused by the interaction between immune cells through real-time, in vivo analysis. We used conventional molecular biology technology and multi-photon confocal live imaging to explore the effect of the interactive dialogue between iNKT and Kupffer cells on neutrophil recruitment in the occurrence and development of APAP-induced liver injury. iNKT cell deficient mice were more prone to liver injury induced by excessive APAP, and the degree of liver injury was more severe.

Asymmetric Dual-Atomic Catalyst with Axial Chloride Coordination for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

Low-platinum-group metal (low-PGM) catalysts play a crucial role in reducing the cost of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Dual-atomic catalysts offer valuable solutions due to their exceptional performance. This work explores the application of axial Cl-coordinated Pt─Co dual atoms on N-doped graphitic carbon (PtCo/NC─Cl) catalysts utilizing PtCo dual-atomic catalysts, demonstrating their ability to significantly enhance the acidic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalytic performance of conventional PtCo catalysts.

Dietary addition of fraxetin improved intestinal structure and growth performance in juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): As a potential novel phytogenic feed additive.

The well-being and development of fish are affected to varying degrees under the intensive aquaculture model, and the use of Chinese herbs for aquaculture disease control and feed additives has received increasing attention. This study examined fraxetin supplementation in juvenile grass carp to investigate its effects on growth and intestinal structure. There were 1080 grass carp (11.

Nanoplastics disrupt hepatic lipid metabolism via the inhibition of PPARγ: a study based on digestive system exposure.

Nanoplastics (NPs) are emerging environmental contaminants capable of crossing biological barriers and accumulating in organs such as the liver, raising growing concerns about their potential contribution to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Notably, bottled water has been recognised as a major daily source of NP exposure. However, the associations between NP exposure and NAFLD onset, as well as the mechanistic basis, remain unclear.

Superior gastrointestinal visualization and safety of detachable string magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy in patients on antithrombotic agents.

Background: Wireless magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy (WMCCE) offers a non-invasive alternative for patients on antithrombotic therapy, but it has limitations in esophageal visualization and carries risks of capsule retention. We aim to explore the safety and feasibility of detachable string magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy (ds-MCE) for patients on antithrombotic agents.

Methods: This single-center, retrospective study included 387 patients on antithrombotic therapy who underwent magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy between October 2023 and October 2024: 86 with ds-MCE and 301 with WMCCE.

Design and synthesis of thiolutin derived PSMD14/HDAC dual-target inhibitors against esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Esophageal cancer is one of the most migratory, invasive, and lethal malignancies and has a poor prognosis, highlighting the urgent need to develop more effective drugs for its treatment. Given that PSMD14 and HDAC play an important role in the treatment of esophageal cancer, thiolutin is used as a lead compound to design and synthesize a series of dual-target PSMD14/HDAC small molecule inhibitors, aiming to discover more effective anti-esophageal cancer drugs. Through the in vitro screening of PSMD14/HDAC enzyme inhibitory activities of a series of thiolutin derivatives, it was found that compound 8b, with a linker length of 8 and a Zn-chelating group of 1,2-phenylenediamine, exhibited the most balanced inhibitory activity against PSMD14/HDAC.

A genotype-first approach identifies high incidence of NF1 pathogenic variants with distinct disease associations.

Loss of function variants in the NF1 gene cause neurofibromatosis type 1, a genetic disorder characterized by complete penetrance, characteristic physical exam findings, and a substantially increased risk for malignancy. However, our understanding of the disorder is based on patients ascertained through phenotype-first approaches, which estimate prevalence at 1 in 3000. Leveraging a genotype-first approach in multiple large patient cohorts including over one million individuals, we demonstrate an unexpectedly high prevalence (1 in 1,286) of NF1 pathogenic variants.

Interface Preconstruction Enables Robust Passivation of the Ah-Level Aqueous Li-ion Batteries.

The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) offers effective passivation on the anode for aqueous lithium-ion batteries (ALIBs). Conventional passivation in ALIBs mainly relies on the LiF-contained SEI originating from anion reduction in the electrolyte. However, such SEI formation is a competitive reaction negatively impacted by the parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), resulting in high Li irreversible consumption and imperfect bare flaws.

inhibits invasion of human ovarian cancer cells by affecting cytoskeletal structure and the number of focal adhesion.

Background: Ovarian cancer (OV) is associated with the highest mortality rate among gynecological cancers, largely due to late diagnosis and chemoresistance. The identification of novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets is crucial. Caldesmon 1 (), a cytoskeleton-regulating protein, has been implicated in various cancers.

Direct Electrooxidation of Ethylene to Ethylene Glycol over 90% Faradaic Efficiency Enabled by Cl Modification of the Pd Surface.

Direct electrochemical ethylene-to-ethylene glycol (CH-to-EG) conversion can potentially reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and the emission of carbon dioxide (CO) compared with the traditional thermo-catalytic approach. Palladium (Pd) prepared by electrodeposition is represented as a promising electrocatalyst; however, it exhibits low Ethylene glycol (EG) current density (<4 mA cm), Faradaic efficiency (<60%), and productivity (<10 μmol h), hindering practical applications. Herein, we report a nanodendrite palladium catalyst supported on a large-area gas diffusion electrode.

Integrative genome-wide aberrant DNA methylation and transcriptome analysis identifies diagnostic markers for colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer remains a major cause of cancer mortality, with limited sensitivity in current diagnostics. Aberrant DNA methylation in expression-regulating sites shows biomarker potential, though few studies explore such methylation-based diagnostic tools for colorectal cancer. We conducted genome-wide DNA methylation and RNA sequencing on matched colorectal cancer and normal tissues to identify expression-related differentially methylated CpG sites (DMCs).

One-Step Hydrothermal Method Realizing Oxygen Vacancy Construction and P Doping of MnO to Optimize Its Oxygen Evolution Performance.

MnO is considered one of the most potential catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction, but its activity, which is determined by its electronic structure, crystal phase, and morphology, needs to be improved further. However, it is difficult to realize these multiscale structural regulations of MnO simultaneously during the preparation. In this study, α-MnO nanomaterial with a lot of oxygen vacancies (Os) and Mn is prepared by a one-step hydrothermal method, during which the protons of HCl can take the oxygen atom away from MnO to form a lot of Os.

Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Porcine Parvovirus 2 in Southwest China During 2020-2023.

Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is a non-enveloped, single-stranded linear DNA virus that induces reproductive disorders in sows, particularly abortions in primiparous sows. This study investigated the prevalence of PPV in the southwestern region and conducted molecular characterization of PPV strains. An epidemiological survey was conducted on 1534 aborted fetuses from the southwestern region between 2020 and 2023, revealing an abortion rate of 3.

Mass Spectrometry-based Solutions for Single-cell Proteomics.

Mass spectrometry-based single-cell proteomics (MS-SCP) is attracting tremendous attention because it is now technically feasible to quantify thousands of proteins in minute samples. Since protein amplification is still not possible, technological improvements in MS-SCP focus on minimizing sample loss while increasing throughput, resolution, and sensitivity, as well as achieving measurement depth, accuracy, and stability comparable to bulk samples. Major advances in MS-SCP have facilitated its application in biological and even medical research.

Palladium-catalyzed domino cyclization and C-H amination of 1,7-enynes toward N-containing fused quinolin-2(1)-ones.

A palladium-catalyzed domino radical cyclization and C-H amination of 1,7-enynes has been developed for the rapid establishment of N-containing fused quinolin-2(1)-one scaffolds. The reaction of 1,7-enynes with perfluoroalkyl iodides and di--butyldiaziridinone worked well to give a wide range of N-containing fused quinolin-2(1)-one derivatives in high yields. Notably, this method could be used in the late-stage modifications of various drugs.

Observation of Copropagating Chiral Zero Modes in Magnetic Photonic Crystals.

Topological singularities, such as Weyl points (WPs) and Dirac points, can give rise to unidirectional propagation channels known as chiral zero modes (CZMs) when subject to a magnetic field. CZMs, as distinct zeroth Landau levels (bulk modes) with high degeneracy, are responsible for intriguing phenomena like the chiral anomaly in quantum systems. The propagation direction of each CZM is determined by both the applied magnetic field and the topological charge of the singularity point.

Galactose oxidase oxidation and glycosidase digestion for glycoRNA analysis.

Ribonucleic acid (RNA), essential for protein production and immune function, undergoes glycosylation, a process that attaches glycans to RNA, generating unique glycoRNAs. These glycan-coated RNA molecules regulate immune responses and may be related to immune disorders. However, studying them is challenging due to RNA's fragility.

Investigating the Role of Aniline Structure in Improving Proton Exchange Membranes for High Conductivity.

Polybenzothiazole exhibits high proton conductivity; however, its rigid backbone limits its applicability, necessitating processes such as modification or doping. The aniline structure can participate in various reactions, including nucleophilic or electrophilic substitution reactions, salt formation, and acylation reactions. In this experiment, an aniline structure is integrated into the main chain of sulfonated polybenzothiazole to investigate the potential of aniline for enhancing proton exchange membranes.

Giant Photogalvanic Effect-Induced Terahertz Wave Emission in Wafer-Scale Type-II Dirac Semimetal PtTe.

Terahertz (THz) emission arising from the second-order nonlinear photocurrent effects in two-dimensional quantum materials has attracted significant attention due to its high efficiency and ease of polarization manipulation. However, in centrosymmetric quantum materials, the terahertz emission is typically suppressed, caused by the directional symmetry of the photocurrent generated under femtosecond laser excitation. In this work, we report that wafer-scale type-II Dirac semimetal PtTe with lattice centrosymmetry exhibits remarkably high THz emission efficiency (2 orders of magnitude greater than that of a ZnTe nonlinear crystal with equivalent thickness) and pronounced polarization sensitivity at room temperature.