Immune Responses of Dendritic Cells to Zoonotic DNA and RNA Viruses.

Viral infections persistently challenge global health through immune evasion and zoonotic transmission. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role in antiviral immunity by detecting viral nucleic acids via conserved pattern recognition receptors, triggering interferon-driven innate responses and cross-presentation-mediated activation of cytotoxic CD8 T cells. This study synthesizes DC-centric defense mechanisms against viral subversion, encompassing divergent nucleic acid sensing pathways for zoonotic DNA and RNA viruses, viral counterstrategies targeting DC maturation and interferon signaling, and functional specialization of DC subsets in immune coordination.

Protective Effects of Ginseng Soluble Dietary Fiber and Its Fecal Microbiota Extract on Antibiotic-Induced Gut Dysbiosis Obese Mice.

Prolonged or improper antibiotic use may increase the risk of obesity. Ginseng soluble dietary fiber (G-SDF) has been shown to inhibit obesity and promote the growth of intestinal probiotics. However, its role in antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis obese mice (ADIO) remains unclear, and this study aimed to elucidate this role.

O-Glycosylated RNA Identification and Prediction by Solid-Phase Chemoenzymatic TnORNA Method and PONglyRNA Tool.

Recent studies have shown that the cell surface undergoes post-transcriptional modification by N-linked glycosylation. However, the question of whether RNA can be glycosylated by O-glycans remains to be explored. The presence of O-glycosylation in cells and tissues is indirectly revealed by the presence of O-glycans on RNAs following treatment with O-glycoproteases.

Soil heavy metal pollution trends for intensive vegetable production system in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, China (2000-2024) and human health implications.

Heavy metal pollution poses a serious threat to the intensive vegetable production systems and human health. Therefore, characterizing the long-term pollution trends of heavy metals (HMs) and their land-use driving forces is essential for preventing health risks. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis of 236 studies (2000-2024) to evaluate spatiotemporal patterns, health risks, and drivers of six HMs (Cd, Pb, As, Cr, Cu, Zn) in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei's intensive vegetable systems.

Integrating Inertial Microfluidics with SERS Bioprobe for Efficient Enrichment and Accurate Identification of Tumor Cells in Gastric Fluid and Ascites.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a disease with high mortality rates and remains a central focus in medical research. Efficient enrichment, separation, and precise diagnosis of human gastric cancer (HGC) cells from biological samples are essential for early detection and treatment. However, the similarity in size of white blood cells (WBCs) and HGC cells in gastric fluid has posed vital challenges in the rapid identification and precise diagnosis of GC.

Predicting isolated impaired glucose tolerance without oral glucose tolerance test using machine learning in Chinese Han men.

Background: Isolated Impaired Glucose Tolerance (I-IGT) represents a specific prediabetic state that typically requires a standardized oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for diagnosis. This study aims to predict glucose tolerance status in Chinese Han men at fasting state using machine learning (ML) models with demographic, anthropometric, and laboratory data.

Methods: The study population consisted of 1,117 Chinese Han men aged 50-87 years.

SERS/Fluorescence Dual-Modal Imaging Bioprobe for Accurate Diagnosis of Breast Cancer.

Early diagnosis and precise identification of breast cancer subtypes are vital. However, current detection methods are often hindered by high costs and complexity. This study aims to develop an efficient and noninvasive method to realize efficient breast cancer detection.

Galactose oxidase oxidation and glycosidase digestion for glycoRNA analysis.

Ribonucleic acid (RNA), essential for protein production and immune function, undergoes glycosylation, a process that attaches glycans to RNA, generating unique glycoRNAs. These glycan-coated RNA molecules regulate immune responses and may be related to immune disorders. However, studying them is challenging due to RNA's fragility.

Research on using Aquilaria sinensis callus to evaluate the agarwood-inducing potential of fungi.

Agarwood is a precious resinous heartwood highly valued for its cultural, religious, and medicinal significance. With the increasing market demand, natural agarwood resources are rapidly depleting, making the development of effective artificial induction methods for agarwood highly significant. This study aims to explore the feasibility of using callus tissue to assess the ability of fungi to induce agarwood formation.

H5 subtype avian influenza virus induces Golgi apparatus stress response via TFE3 pathway to promote virus replication.

During infection, avian influenza virus (AIV) triggers endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a well-established phenomenon in previous research. The Golgi apparatus, situated downstream of the ER and crucial for protein trafficking, may be impacted by AIV infection. However, it remains unclear whether this induces Golgi apparatus stress (GAS) and its implications for AIV replication.

Innovative Applications and Perspectives of Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Technology in Biomedicine.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has become a revolutionary technique in the biomedical field, providing unparalleled sensitivity for the detection and characterization of biological samples. In this review, recent SERS innovations are comprehensively discussed, including advanced substrate materials, different SERS detection strategies, and multimodal approaches that combine SERS with other biotechnologies. Among them, the role of SERS in the accurate diagnosis of tumors is highlighted, which has promoted accurate molecular analysis and real-time monitoring of treatment effects.

Machine learning assisted dual-modal SERS detection for circulating tumor cells.

Detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood has become a promising approach for cancer diagnosis. Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) has rapidly developed as a significant detection technology for CTCs, offering high sensitivity and selectivity. Encoded SERS bioprobes have gained attention due to their excellent specificity and ability to identify tumor cells using Raman signals.

Exogenous Mitochondrial Transplantation Facilitates the Recovery of Autologous Nerve Grafting in Repairing Nerve Defects.

Autologous nerve transplantation (ANT) remains the gold standard for treating nerve defects. However, its efficacy in nerve repair still requires improvement. Mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from nerve injury may be a significant factor limiting nerve function restoration.

Neutrophil extracellular traps induce barrier dysfunction in DSS-induced ulcerative colitis via the cGAS-STING pathway.

Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4)-mediated neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). The cGAS-STING intracellular DNA-sensing pathway has been recognized as a pivotal mediator of inflammation. This study aimed to explore how NETs contribute to intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction in UC, focusing on the cGAS-STING pathway.

[Retracted] Liraglutide protects renal mesangial cells against hyperglycemia‑mediated mitochondrial apoptosis by activating the ERK‑Yap signaling pathway and upregulating Sirt3 expression.

Following the publication of this paper, it was drawn to the Editor's attention by a concerned reader that certain of the TUNEL assay data shown in Fig. 1C on p. 2853 and Fig.

Association between serum albumin with geriatric nutritional risk index and osteopenia in Chinese elderly men: a nested case-control study.

Background And Objectives: Malnutrition is associated with a higher risk of osteoporosis. We aim to assess the relationship between serum albumin with geriatric nutritional risk index and osteopenia in Chinese elderly men.

Methods And Study Design: This is a nested case-control study from a prospective cohort enrolled 1109 individuals who were followed for seven years.

Synergistic regulation of d-band center photocatalytic hydrogen evolution at S-scheme heterojunction reduction sites through defect engineering and interface electric field.

The efficiency of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution can be significantly enhanced while maintaining cost-effectiveness through the synergistic effect of defect surface engineering and multi-component heterojunctions. The structure and properties of NiCoO nanorods were modified by inducing oxygen vacancies at different temperatures in this study, resulting in improved optical properties and electron adsorption capacity. The presence of oxygen vacancies leads to a reduction in the band gap of NiCoO, thereby enhancing electron transport efficiency through band gap engineering.

An avian-origin internal backbone effectively increases the H5 subtype avian influenza vaccine candidate yield in both chicken embryonated eggs and MDCK cells.

Inactivated vaccines play an important role in preventing and controlling the epidemic caused by the H5 subtype avian influenza virus. The vaccine strains are updated in response to alterations in surface protein antigens, while an avian-derived vaccine internal backbone with a high replicative capacity in chicken embryonated eggs and MDCK cells is essential for vaccine development. In this study, we constructed recombinant viruses using the clade 2.

The Combination of JLCC513 and Ginseng Soluble Dietary Fiber Attenuates Ulcerative Colitis by Modulating the LPS/TLR4/NF-κB Pathway and Gut Microbiota.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that is currently difficult to treat effectively. Both (BN) and ginseng-soluble dietary fiber (GSDF) are anti-inflammatory and helps sustain the intestinal barrier. In this study, the protective effects and mechanism of the combination of JLCC513 and ginseng-soluble dietary fiber (BG) in DSS-induced UC mice were investigated.

A comparative study on the nutritional composition, protein structure and effects on gut microbiota of 5 fermented soybean products (FSPs).

In this study, we conducted an analysis of the differences in nutrient composition and protein structure among various fermented soybean products and their impacts on the gut microbiota of rats. Conventional physicochemical analysis was employed to analyze the fundamental physicochemical composition of the samples. Additionally, we utilized high-performance liquid chromatography and ELISA techniques to quantify the presence of antinutritional compounds.

The Research of Antagonistic Endophytic Bacterium CSUFT-BV4 for Growth Promotion and Induction of Resistance to Anthracnose in .

() is one of the four main, woody, edible oil tree species in the world, while anthracnose is mainly caused by the fungus (), which severely affects the yield of and the quality of tea oil. () CSUFT-BV4 is an antagonistic endophytic bacterium isolated from healthy leaves. This study aimed to investigate the biocontrol potential of strain CSUFT-BV4 against anthracnose and its possible functional mechanism, and to determine its growth-promoting characteristics in host plants.

Astragalus polysaccharides attenuate rat aortic endothelial senescence via regulation of the SIRT-1/p53 signaling pathway.

Background: Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) have been verified to have antioxidative and antiaging activities in the mouse liver and brain. However, the effect of APS on aortic endothelial senescence in old rats and its underlying mechanism are currently unclear. Here, we aimed to elucidate the effects of APS on rat aortic endothelial oxidative stress and senescence in vitro and in vivo and investigate the potential molecular targets.

Low-Temperature Adaptive Single-Atom Iron Nanozymes against Viruses in the Cold Chain.

Outbreaks of viral infectious diseases, such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza A virus (IAV), pose a great threat to human health. Viral spread is accelerated worldwide by the development of cold chain logistics; Therefore, an effective antiviral approach is required. In this study, it is aimed to develop a distinct antiviral strategy using nanozymes with low-temperature adaptability, suitable for cold chain logistics.