Perfluorohexyloctane Eye Drops in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women with Dry Eye Disease Associated with Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Post Hoc Analysis of a Phase 3 Trial.

Purpose: Sex hormone changes, often occurring during menopause, are implicated in meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and evaporative dry eye disease (DED). This study aimed to evaluate whether menopausal status affects the treatment outcomes of perfluorohexyloctane eye drops.

Methods: This post hoc analysis used data from a phase 3 trial (NCT05515471) of perfluorohexyloctane eye drops in patients with DED associated with MGD.

Do Prognostic Differences Exist Among High-Risk Mutations? A Comparison of Outcomes Between the C634R and Other C634 Mutations in Hereditary Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma.

The American Thyroid Association has stratified C634 mutations as high risk. The association between C634R mutation and a more aggressive medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) behavior compared with other C634 mutations remains inconclusive, possibly due to the lack of large cohorts and long-term outcome data. This study aimed to evaluate the aggressiveness and long-term outcomes of hereditary MTC in patients with different codon 634 mutations.

Akkermansia muciniphila-derived SCFAs improve the depression-like behaviors of mice by inhibiting neuroinflammation.

This study was conducted to explore the effects of Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) on depression and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Using data from our previous work, we found that the relative abundance of A.

Approach to the Patient with Primary Hyperparathyroidism in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1.

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a rare autosomal dominant hereditary disorder in which patients develop multiple endocrine tumors simultaneously. Among these, primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is the most common and often the earliest manifestation. All patients with MEN1 and hypercalcemia should have surgery, with most patients requiring surgical treatment before the age of 50.

EP300/CREBBP induces osteogenic differentiation of valve interstitial cells by promoting the SPP1 expression in calcific aortic valve disease.

Secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) has been identified as a driver of fibrosis and inflammation, while its contribution to calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) has not been clarified. In this research, we explored the possible role of SPP1 and the underlying molecular mechanism in CAVD. C57BL/6J mice were subjected to a high-fat diet (HFD), and human valve interstitial cells (VICs) were induced with the osteogenic medium (OM) for modeling.

The role of CXCL10 in cartilage development and diseases.

CXC motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), also known as interferon γ-induced protein 10 kDa, is a pleiotropic member of the CXC chemokine family and plays a potent role in cellular functions and pathophysiological processes, which include but are not limited to recruitment of immune cells, induction of cellular apoptosis, regulation of cell growth and proliferation, and inhibition of angiogenesis. The CXCL10/CXCR3 axis has been shown to initiate and promote a wide variety of cartilage diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA), and thus been considered as a potential biomarker for clinical prediction and monitoring. Moreover, with a strong ability to recruit mesenchymal stem cells to repair cartilage defects in joint lesions, CXCL10 is a promising candidate for cartilage tissue engineering.

Non-targeted metabolomic analysis of Xueshuantong injection in patients with STEMI.

Xueshuantong injection (XST) is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, particularly in the context of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). This study aimed to explore the therapeutic mechanism of XST on STEMI by conducting a metabolomics analysis of plasma samples from 23 patients with STEMI. The patients were divided into a control group (13 patients) and an experimental group (10 patients), both undergoing emergency coronary intervention (PCI) and standardized drug therapy.

Global, regional, and national epidemiology of type 1 diabetes in children from 1990 to 2021: trend and health inequality analyses based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a significant health challenge for children. Assessing the epidemiological patterns and health inequalities associated with T1D at the global, regional, and national levels, along with future projections, is essential for informing equitable public health policies.

Methods: Based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database, this study examined trends in the incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality of T1D in children aged 0-14 years.

Stripe Rust Effector Pst4121 Targets and Suppresses TaSnRK1.3 Protein Kinase Activity to Promote Infection in Wheat.

Pathogens secrete a variety of effectors to compromise host immunity and promote nutrient absorption. The molecular mechanisms by which effectors interfere with plant resistance need to be continuously explored to develop effective strategies for disease prevention and control. In this study, we characterized an effector protein Pst4121 from Puccinia striiformis f.

Anti-Toxoplasma gondii studies of the venom peptide XYP4 from the Lycosa coelestis.

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an intracellular parasite with multiple routes of infection that poses a serious health risk to pregnant women, fetuses, and immunocompromised populations. Currently, clinical drugs in the treatment of toxoplasmosis continue to face challenges such as drug resistance.

Regular Tandem Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes with over 51% External Quantum Efficiency for Next-Generation Displays.

Despite excellent efficiency and stability achieved in regular single-unit quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs), regular tandem QLEDs still suffer from limited device performance, lagging far behind the inverted tandem QLEDs. Here, novel regular tandem QLEDs are demonstrated with an ultrathin (≈4 nm) indium tin oxide (ITO) charge generation layer (CGL). Through systematic optimization of charge injection balance and light out-coupling efficiency, the resulting tandem QLEDs can exhibit a record-breaking EQE of 51.

Effects of Different Packaging on the Purine Content and Key Enzymes of Refrigerated Yellow Croaker ().

In this study, we investigated the effects of air packaging, vacuum packaging and modified atmosphere packaging (CO/N: 80/20) on the purine metabolism and enzyme activities of refrigerated large yellow croakers. The results showed that modified atmosphere packaging significantly inhibited microbial growth, delayed adenosine triphosphate degradation and maintained higher IMP content (1.93 μmol/g on day 21) compared to the air packaging group (2.

Caveolin-1/PPARα axis suppresses T follicular helper cell response in primary Sjögren disease.

T follicular helper (Tfh) cells play a central role in humoral autoimmunity, including primary Sjögren disease (SjD). However, targeting Tfh cells in clinical management is challenging. Previous studies suggest that inducible T cell co-stimulator (ICOS) directs Tfh cell motility in engaging bystander B cells and promoting plasma cell differentiation.

Ulcerative Colitis Aggravates Periodontitis via Inducing Myelopoiesis.

Objectives: The intercorrelations between periodontitis and inflammatory bowel disease have been recognized for years. Accumulating evidence has shown that patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) have a higher prevalence and severity of periodontitis. However, the underlying mechanisms by which UC aggravates periodontal destruction are still unclear.

Influence of Retinal Venous Pressure on Visual and Structural Outcomes in Eyes with Central Retinal Vein Occlusion Undergoing Anti-VEGF Treatment.

Purpose: This study investigates the role of retinal venous pressure (RVP) in determining visual and anatomical outcomes in eyes affected by macular edema (ME) secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy.

Methods: A retrospective observational study analyzed data from 31 eyes of 31 patients with CRVO-induced ME. RVP was quantified using an ophthalmodynamometer, and participants were divided into two cohorts: low RVP (19 eyes) and high RVP (12 eyes).

Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 Disrupts Cartilage Development Via the FGFR4/β-catenin Axis.

Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) has received increasing attention in metabolic disorders of the skeletal system, but its role in cartilage development is poorly understood. In the present study, we used metatarsal organ model for nascent cartilage and an AAV-FGF19 overexpression model for adolescent growth plates to demonstrate the influence of FGF19 on cartilage development. We found that FGF19 could impair chondrocyte maturation at the neonatal stage and decrease growth plate thickness at the adolescent stage.

Frontline brentuximab vedotin-based therapy for newly diagnosed classical Hodgkin lymphoma: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Brentuximab vedotin (BV), an anti-CD30 antibody-drug conjugate, has established efficacy in relapsed/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), yet its role as frontline therapy for newly diagnosed classical HL requires systematic evaluation.

Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) compared BV-based versus conventional non-BV-containing regimens (namely, classical chemotherapeutic regimens) in previously untreated classical HL patients, assessing progression-free survival (PFS), PET metabolic responses (interim PET-2 negativity and end-of-treatment complete response), and safety profiles (grade ≥3 adverse events [AEs], including febrile neutropenia, peripheral neuropathy, and secondary malignancies).

Results: Pooled data from four RCTs (N = 3591 patients) demonstrated significant PFS improvement with BV-based regimens (HR: 0.

Relationship between gut microbiota dysbiosis and bile acid in patients with hepatitis B-induced cirrhosis.

Background: Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is a significant factor influencing the progression of hepatitis B-related cirrhosis (HBC). Bile acid (BA) metabolism is increasingly recognized as a key participant in the liver-gut microbiota axis.

Methods: A total of 46 patients with HBC and 33 healthy adults were enrolled in this study.

Single solvent molecule effect over S2 and E2 competition in the hydroperoxide anion reaction with ethyl-iodide.

The influence of individual solvent molecules on the dynamics of competing reactions remains largely unexplored for many important chemical systems. Herein, direct dynamics simulations revealed that a single water molecule has multifaceted effects on the reaction between the hydroperoxide anion HOO and CHI. The introduction of one water reduced the overall reaction rate and shifted the preference from elimination (E2) to substitution (S2) reactions because of the differential solvation effect.

Potassium-Promoted Formic Acid Dehydrogenation on Cu(111): Visualizing HCOO‑K Intermediates.

Alkali metals play an important role in formic acid (FA) decomposition. However, the atomic-scale mechanism of how alkali metals modify FA dehydrogenation and interact with formate ions remains unclear. Here, we observed the promoting effect of potassium (K) in FA decomposition on Cu(111), using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), noncontact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM), and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD).

On-chip direct synthesis of boron nitride memristors.

Two-dimensional materials hold promise for advanced complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) and beyond-CMOS electronics, including neuromorphic and in-memory computing. Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is particularly attractive for non-volatile resistive-switching devices (that is, memristors) due to its outstanding electronic, mechanical and chemical stability. However, integrating hBN memristors with Si-CMOS electronics faces challenges as it requires either high-temperature synthesis (exceeding thermal budgets) or transfer methods that introduce defects, impacting device performance and reliability.

Caspase-3 mediates protein degradation in large yellow croaker inoculated with Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter haemolyticus via apoptosis pathway.

The effect of caspase-3 on apoptosis-induced protein degradation in large yellow croaker inoculated with Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter haemolyticus (A. haemolyticus) was investigated. Pseudomonas samples had higher caspase-3 activity than Control Check (CK) at 0, 6, and 72 h and A.

Impact of prosthesis position on hearing outcomes in otosclerosis patients based on ultra-high-resolution CT.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the impact of prosthesis position on hearing outcomes in otosclerosis patients based on Ultra-High-Resolution CT (U-HRCT).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 142 patients (182 ears) who underwent stapedotomy. We compared preoperative with postoperative hearing results.

Combined Antiviral and Cytoprotective Action of Rosmarinic Acid Against EV-A71 Infection: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy.

Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), a major etiological agent of hand-foot-mouth disease, can cause severe neurological complications. However, the mechanisms underlying EV-A71-induced cell damage and potential therapeutic strategies remain inadequately understood. Here, we investigated EV-A71 replication dynamics and associated cytopathic effects in nine distinct cell lines, including epithelial, neuronal, immune, and other cell types.

Guilu erxian glue improves sperm quality in oligasthenospermia mice by promoting TDRP methylation and regulating the cAMP/PKA pathway.

Oligoasthenozoospermia (OAS) is a common cause of male infertility, and Guilu Erxian Glue (GLEXG) is a traditional Chinese medicine known to improve male reproductive function. The role of GLEXG in OAS and its mechanism of action are not well understood. After the OAS model was established with Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside (GTW)-induced mice, the mice were orally administered GLEXG.