Application of machine learning and deep learning in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) can progress to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and liver fibrosis, contributing to a heavier global health burden. Non-invasive diagnostic tools developed using machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), two representative artificial intelligence algorithms, are increasingly being explored for MASH and its related fibrosis assessment.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of different ML and DL models and identify the top-performing models for diagnosing MASH and associated liver fibrosis.

Is postoperative cognitive dysfunction a disease of microglial inflammatory memory? A state-transition model from metabolic stress to epigenetic lock-in.

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) remains a significant challenge in perioperative medicine, especially among older adults. Despite its prevalence, existing models centered on transient neuroinflammation fail to explain why cognitive deficits often persist long after systemic immune responses resolve. This review proposes a new framework: POCD is driven not by ongoing inflammation, but by a stable shift in microglial identity.

Single solvent molecule effect over S2 and E2 competition in the hydroperoxide anion reaction with ethyl-iodide.

The influence of individual solvent molecules on the dynamics of competing reactions remains largely unexplored for many important chemical systems. Herein, direct dynamics simulations revealed that a single water molecule has multifaceted effects on the reaction between the hydroperoxide anion HOO and CHI. The introduction of one water reduced the overall reaction rate and shifted the preference from elimination (E2) to substitution (S2) reactions because of the differential solvation effect.

Thermal Dilepton Polarization and Dynamics of the QCD Plasma in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions.

We present the first theoretical study of the polarization of lepton pairs produced in sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC, using next-to-leading order (NLO) dilepton emission rates. These calculations employ a multistage framework to simulate the evolution of relativistic heavy-ion collisions, and to explore the sensitivity of polarization to early times.

Adar contributes to genome integrity by regulating R-loop homeostasis in Drosophila.

Background: Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (Adar) is a critical enzyme involved in post-transcriptional epigenetic regulation through adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing. However, the biological role and regulatory mechanisms of Adar remain largely unknown.

Results: Using Drosophila as a model, we found that loss of Adar leads to spontaneous genome instability characterized by DNA damage and mitotic defects.

Phenomenological Model for the Efficient General Regulatory Role of Metabolites.

There is growing awareness of the potential regulatory role of metabolites and their relevance in metabolic therapy. For example, the metabolites ATP and arginine can regulate the stability of a wide spectrum of proteins. Interestingly, their effective concentrations (millimolar scale) coincide with their physiological concentrations, while they are significantly lower than those of the cosolvents required.

Amelioration of Liver Fibrosis via In Situ Hepatic Stellate Cell Conversion Through Co-Inhibition of TGF-β and GSK-3 Signalling.

Background And Aims: Liver fibrosis, a progressive condition driven by chronic liver injury and excessive scar tissue formation, can lead to cirrhosis, a life-threatening disease. Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is central to fibrosis progression, yet current therapies fail to halt or reverse this process. This study evaluated a combination therapy targeting HSCs to ameliorate fibrosis and promote liver repair.

Secure key generation encryption scheme based on index parameter updates.

In this paper, we propose a secure key generation encryption scheme based on index parameter updates. A mutual coupling index parameter database is established at the transmitter and receiver, and different index parameters correspond to different time-varying key. We convert the index parameter into a binary bit stream and put it at the end of the frame header.

Chaos-driven seven-core optical transmission scheme based on DNA full information chained analog-transcription.

This paper proposes a chaos-driven seven-core optical transmission scheme based on DNA full information chained analog-transcription. Unlike traditional deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) coded encryption schemes in the bit dimension, this scheme uses chaotic sequences to generate perturbed bit streams corresponding to the initial bit stream. These two sets of bit streams are encoded from a set of DNA double-stranded sequences, which are then intertwined into a single-stranded DNA containing all the information through the full-information class transcription algorithm proposed in this paper.

Photoaffinity SAM analogues for the identification of SAM-binding proteins.

-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) serves as an important substrate in a variety of biochemical reactions, and it is important to identify unknown SAM-binding proteins to fully understand the biological functions of SAM. Previous studies on SAM-binding proteins used -Adenosylhomocystein (SAH)-analogues, which mainly identified SAM dependent methyltransferases. Here, we developed and validated three SAM photoaffinity probes to label and enrich SAM-binding proteins.

Salt-Tolerant Structure Features of Mussel Adhesive Proteins.

Mussel adhesive proteins have strong salt-tolerant adhesion ability and can assist marine mussels to firmly fix themselves on underwater structures. In our previous study, the adhesion ability of mussel adhesive proteins was largely attributed to the pair structure of Tyr/Dopa with basic residues (i.e.

Unleashing the therapeutic potential of tumor-draining lymph nodes: spotlight on bladder cancer.

Tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) are often involved during the metastasis of bladder cancer (BC), which is associated with a poor prognosis. Recent studies have shown that TDLNs are a major source of host anti-tumor immunity, which can impede tumor progression and favor tumor immunotherapy. However, during tumor progression, various tumor-derived mediators modulate the TDLN microenvironment, impairing their protective function.

Discovery of a Structure Mediated by a Reconstructed Aluminum Atomic Layer at an AlN/AlO Interface.

Interfaces often exhibit a variety of unusual physical phenomena. The highly complex atomic arrangements exist at interfaces that crucially affect the properties of a material; however, atom-by-atom pinpointing the structural features always presents a significant challenge. Herein we employed a combination of electron microscopy, calculations, and simulations to investigate the atomic-level structural characteristic of the well-known Al-O-N interface in a large lattice mismatch system.

Mineralogical characteristics and color genesis of black quartzite jade from Linwu, Hunan, China.

The phanerocrystalline aggregate (single mineral particle size greater than 20 μm), which is mainly composed of α-quartz and has technological value, is called quartzite jade. Black quartzite jade from Linwu, Hunan Province, has gained significant market popularity due to its fine texture and aesthetic appeal. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of this less-explored variety, focusing on its mineral composition, microstructure, spectral characteristics, and chemical properties.

Hierarchical porous anti-spinel FeO nanoparticles anode for ultra-high capacitance storage and ultra-long life with nearly-zero strain via in-situ electrochemical redox.

Iron oxides are widely used for electrochemical energy storage, however, low conductivity and poor reversibility still limit their potential. In this paper, we proposed a simple hydrothermal pore-making and subsequent in-situ electrochemical redox method to synthesize hierarchical porous FeO nanoparticle anodes. Benefiting from the self-supporting electrode design and abundant surface area and pore pathways, the ion transport efficiency and conductivity of the anode are enhanced, and the generation of inert phases induced by excess charge buildup is also greatly mitigated.

Designing small organic molecular NIR-II fluorophores by ring strain modulation.

Developing small molecular organic fluorophores in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) with excellent photophysical properties is an ongoing pursuit for bioimaging and biosensing. Herein, we report a strategy to modulate the optical properties of xanthene-based fluorophores by manipulating their ring strain through fine-tuning the ring size, which strongly influences the rigidity and planarity of the conjugated structure, thereby impacting their optical characteristics. Additionally, the ring strain imparts varying responsiveness to the fluorophores by affecting the p values through spirocyclization.

Neural dynamics of deception: insights from fMRI studies of brain states.

Unlabelled: Deception is a complex behavior that requires greater cognitive effort than truth-telling, with brain states dynamically adapting to external stimuli and cognitive demands. Investigating these brain states provides valuable insights into the brain's temporal and spatial dynamics. In this study, we designed an experiment paradigm to efficiently simulate lying and constructed a temporal network of brain states.

Cancer-associated fungi: An emerging powerful player in cancer immunotherapy.

The role of the human microbiome in cancer has been extensively studied, focusing mainly on bacteria-host interactions and their impact on tumor development and treatment response. However, fungi, an immune-active component of the human microbiome, have received less attention regarding their roles in cancer. Recent studies have identified the widespread and specific colonization and distribution of fungi in multiple sites in patients across various cancer types.

Reinventing the High-rate Energy Storage of Hard Carbon: the Order-degree Governs the Trade-off of Desolvation-Solid Electrolyte Interphase at Interfaces.

In alkali metal-ion battery systems, the electrolyte enables being decomposed on the electrode surface to form a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film. In principle, a thin, uniform SEI film facilitates the enhancement of the performance of the cell. Herein, we successfully distinguish the effects of desolvation behavior and SEI process on the kinetic behavior of hard carbon (HC) electrodes by adopting the strategy of switching the electrolyte interface model to modulate the properties of SEI film.

In Vivo Time-Resolved Single-Cell RNA-Seq Reveals Chemotherapy-Induced Transcriptional Dynamics in Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes.

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) using metabolic RNA labeling enables detailed analysis of dynamic gene expression within single cells. However, most studies are limited to in vitro settings, restricting the exploration of in vivo transcriptomic dynamics. To address this, we developed scDyna-seq, a time-resolved scRNA-seq method for in vivo applications using 4-thiouridine (4sU) labeling.

Single-atom Co-N-C nanozymes with excellent oxidase-like activity for colorimetric detection of l-cysteine.

l-Cysteine (l-Cys) is a significant biomarker for various diseases, including liver disease, skin disorders, and Parkinson's disease, making its detection crucial for diagnostic purposes. In this study, we present a novel colorimetric sensing platform for l-Cys detection. Using ZIF-8 as a precursor, a cobalt-based single-atom catalyst (Co-N-C) was synthesized through pyrolysis, adsorption, and activation processes.

Non-orthogonal multiple access scheme based on color-coded four-dimensional constellation pairing mapping.

This paper proposes a short-range optical access method based on four-dimensional non-orthogonal multiple access (4D-NOMA), utilizing 4D constellation pairing mapping and two-dimensional inverse discrete Fresnel transform (2D-IDFnT) technology, achieving high compatibility with OFDM systems. An innovative color-coded 4D constellation pair mapping scheme was designed, introducing two types of four-dimensional spatial structures with 32 constellation points. By extending the three-dimensional constellation to four dimensions through color coding, the constellation figure of merit (CFM) increased by 22.

Populations of the Invasive Mussel in China Showed Lower Genetic Diversity in Autumn than in Spring.

Native to tropical America, the charru mussel, , has been spreading rapidly in the West Pacific Ocean, including the South China Sea. In order to study the adaptive evolution of and examine the present status of invasion in China, the mitochondrial gene fragment was employed to analyze the genetic variations of seven populations sampled in both spring and autumn 2023. Results showed that all the populations had high haplotype diversity (>0.

High-security physical layer encryption scheme for dual-mode index modulation-aided OFDM in magnetic induction communication.

A high security physical layer encryption scheme for dual-mode orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with index modulation (DM-OFDM-IM) in magnetic induction communication is proposed. The scheme utilizes DM-OFDM-IM, where subcarriers within each subblock are divided into two groups, each modulated by distinct signal constellations. DM-OFDM-IM leverages the sequential information from the modulated constellation to transmit extra information, leading to a substantial enhancement in spectral efficiency.

Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution/Reduction Reactions in Two-Dimensional Metal-Organic Frameworks by a Constant Potential Method.

The evolution of bifunctional catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts that are highly active, stable, and conductive is crucial for advancing metal-air batteries and fuel cells. We have here thoroughly explored the OER and ORR performance for a category of two-dimensional (2D) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) called TM(HADQ), and Rh(HADQ) exhibits a promising bifunctional OER/ORR activity, with an overpotential of 0.31 V for both OER and ORR.