Developing a Novel Fermented Milk with Anti-Aging and Anti-Oxidative Properties Using HL1 and APL015.

HL1, isolated from kefir, exhibits antioxidant and anti-aging activities, defined here as improved cognitive function and reductions in oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. However, its poor milk viability limits application. This study developed a novel fermented milk by co-culturing HL1 with subsp.

Unravelling Plant-Virus Warfare: Pattern-Triggered Immunity-Mediated Antiviral Defence and Viral Evasion Strategies.

Pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) is a fundamental defence mechanism in plants, primarily aimed at eliminating pathogens and limiting their spread. Its role in plant-virus interactions, however, has long been debated due to the unique nature of viruses, including their noncellular structure, obligate intracellular parasitism and distinct strategies for entry and movement within hosts. Recent research, though, is offering new insights into the potential involvement of PTI in combating viral infections.

Metal-nitrogen-carbon catalysts for electrochemical CO reduction: from design to industrial applications.

The electrochemical CO reduction reaction (eCORR) offers a promising route for converting CO into value-added chemicals and fuels using renewable electricity. Developing efficient, stable, and scalable catalysts is key to advancing this technology for commercialization. As non-precious metal catalysts, transition metal-nitrogen-doped carbon (M-N-C) materials have demonstrated excellent catalytic performance due to their tunable electronic structure, high activity, and structural stability.

+RNA Viruses Enhance Plant Drought Tolerance Through Modulation of Phospholipase Dα1 (PLDα1)-Derived Phosphatidic Acid (PA).

Numerous studies suggest that virus infections can improve drought resistance in host plants, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we used Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), Potato virus Y (PVY), Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) and the host Nicotiana benthamiana as model systems to investigate these mechanisms. Our findings reveal that the abscisic acid (ABA) signalling pathway is strongly and durably induced by +RNA virus infection and is essential for virus-induced drought tolerance.

The Novel Dual GIP and GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Tirzepatide Attenuates Colon Cancer Development by Regulating Glucose Metabolism.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality while diabetes is a recognized risk factor for CRC. Here we report that tirzepatide (TZP), a novel polypeptide/glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GIPR/GLP-1R) agonist for the treatment of diabetes, has a role in attenuating CRC growth. TZP significantly inhibited colon cancer cell proliferation promoted apoptosis in vitro and induced durable tumor regression in vivo under hyperglycemic and nonhyperglycemic conditions across multiple murine cancer models.

Integrating photochemical and photothermal effects for selective oxidative coupling of methane into C hydrocarbons with multiple active sites.

The direct photocatalytic oxidation of methane to value-added chemicals has garnered considerable interest in recent years. However, achieving high productivity while maintaining high selectivity at an appreciable methane conversion rate remains a formidable challenge. Here, we present photochemically-triggered and photothermally-enhanced oxidative coupling of methane to multi-carbon C alkanes over an Au and CeO nanoparticle-decorated ZnO photocatalyst, which exhibits a record-breaking C production rate of 17,260 μmol g h with ~90% C selectivity under wide-spectrum light irradiation without a secondary source of heating.

Elucidating the mechanisms of Shenwu Capsule in improving the cognitive decline in aging based on the UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, network pharmacology, and experimental validation.

Given the growing incidence of dementia-related disorders in the aging population, identifying effective treatments for age-related cognitive decline (ARCD) is crucial. Shenwu Capsule (SWC), shown to have therapeutic efficacy in phase III clinical trials for senile dementia, has unclear mechanisms and active ingredients. Aged mice were administered SWC orally for three months, and behavioral tests, including the Morris water maze, Y maze, and novel object recognition, assessed learning and memory.

Exploring the Potential of Duck Egg White Jelly: Enhancing Texture, Reducing Phosphate, and Innovating Emulsified Meat Snacks.

Duck egg white jelly, a protein-rich, alkali-induced gel, mirrors preserved duck egg white in appearance and properties, offering easier storage and utility, especially when excess egg white is available. This research focuses on incorporating duck egg white jelly into emulsified meat snacks to enhance texture while reducing the phosphate content. This study suggests that adding phosphate and duck egg white jelly increases raw meat paste pH, affecting its viscosity.

Optimizing the gelation, structure, and thermal stability of alkali-induced duck egg white gels with calcium chloride.

Alkali treatment is a proven method for producing transparent elastic protein gels and could provide a practical way to utilize surplus duck egg whites that are generated during processing. However, this method often leads to gel liquefaction and structural instability. The addition of metal cations at appropriate concentrations can enhance the stability and strength of the gels and prevent liquefaction.

Utilization of edible poultry slaughter residues: A chicken-liver hydrolysate with glucose-lowering ability and upregulating glycogenesis in type II diabetes.

Approximately 10,000 metric tons of broiler livers are yielded every year in Taiwan. However, due to unpleasant odor and health concern, these livers are typically discarded as waste in the slaughtering stream in most developed or developed countries. In alignment with global agrocycle policies, a biofunctional chicken-liver hydrolysate (CLH) has been developed.

DOT1L protects against podocyte injury in diabetic kidney disease through phospholipase C-like 1.

Background: Podocyte injury causes proteinuria and accelerates glomerular sclerosis during diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Disruptor of telomeric silencing 1-like (DOT1L), an evolutionarily conserved histone methyltransferase, has been reported in preventing kidney fibrosis in chronic kidney disease models. However, whether DOT1L exerts beneficial effects in diabetes induced podocyte injury and the underlying molecular mechanisms need further exploration.

Tertiary lymphoid structures in diseases: immune mechanisms and therapeutic advances.

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are defined as lymphoid aggregates formed in non-hematopoietic organs under pathological conditions. Similar to secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs), the formation of TLSs relies on the interaction between lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells and lymphoid tissue organizer (LTo) cells, involving multiple cytokines. Heterogeneity is a distinguishing feature of TLSs, which may lead to differences in their functions.

Automatic mapping of winter wheat planting structure and phenological phases using time-series sentinel data.

The precise extraction of winter wheat planting structure holds significant importance for food security risk assessment, agricultural resource management, and governmental decision-making. This study proposed a method for extracting the winter wheat planting structure by taking into account the growth phenology of winter wheat. Utilizing the fitting effect index, the optimal Savitzky-Golay (S-G) filtering parameter combination was determined automatically to achieve automated filtering and reconstruction of NDVI time series data.

Surface-Integrating Oxygen Vacancy and CuO Nanodots Enabling Synergistic Electric Field and Dual Catalytic Sites Boosting CO Photoreduction.

High carrier separation efficiency and rapid surface catalytic reaction are crucial for enhancing catalytic CO photoreduction reaction. Herein, integrated surface decoration strategy with oxygen vacancies (Ov) and anchoring CuO (1 < x < 2) nanodots below 10 nm is realized on BiMoO for promoting CO photoreduction performance. The charge interaction between Ov and anchored CuO enables the formation of enhanced internal electric field, which provides a strong driving force for accelerating the separation of photocharge carriers on the surface of BiMoO (η ≈71%).

Bipolaronic Motifs Induced Spatially Separated Catalytic Sites for Tunable Syngas Photosynthesis From CO.

Photocatalytic reduction of CO into syngas is a promising way to tackle the energy and environmental challenges; however, it remains a challenge to achieve reaction decoupling of CO reduction and water splitting. Therefore, efficient production of syngas with a suitable CO/H ratio for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis can hardly be achieved. Herein, bipolaronic motifs including Co(II)-pyridine N motifs and Co(II)-imine N motifs are rationally designed into a crystalline imine-linked 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione-based covalent organic framework (bp-Co-COF) with a triazine core.

Novel Angiogenesis Role of GLP-1(32-36) to Rescue Diabetic Ischemic Lower Limbs via GLP-1R-Dependent Glycolysis in Mice.

Background: Restoring the capacity of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to promote angiogenesis is the major therapeutic strategy of diabetic peripheral artery disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide 1; 32-36)-an end product of GLP-1-on angiogenesis of EPCs and T1DM (type 1 diabetes) mice, as well as its interaction with the classical GLP-1R (GLP-1 receptor) pathway and its effect on mitochondrial metabolism.

Methods: In in vivo experiments, we conducted streptozocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice as a murine model of unilateral hind limb ischemia to examine the therapeutic potential of GLP-1(32-36) on angiogenesis.

Increasing the Accessibility of Internal Catalytic Sites in Covalent Organic Frameworks by Introducing a Bicontinuous Mesostructure.

Introducing continuous mesochannels into covalent organic frameworks (COFs) to increase the accessibility of their inner active sites has remained a major challenge. Here, we report the synthesis of COFs with an ordered bicontinuous mesostructure, via a block copolymer self-assembly-guided nanocasting strategy. Three different mesostructured COFs are synthesized, including two covalent triazine frameworks and one vinylene-linked COF.

Photocatalytic aerobic oxidation of C(sp)-H bonds.

In modern industries, the aerobic oxidation of C(sp)-H bonds to achieve the value-added conversion of hydrocarbons requires high temperatures and pressures, which significantly increases energy consumption and capital investment. The development of a light-driven strategy, even under natural sunlight and ambient air, is therefore of great significance. Here we develop a series of hetero-motif molecular junction photocatalysts containing two bifunctional motifs.

A highly proton conductive perfluorinated covalent triazine framework via low-temperature synthesis.

Proton-conducting materials are essential to the emerging hydrogen economy. Covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) are promising proton-conducting materials at high temperatures but need more effective sites to strengthen interaction for proton carriers. However, their construction and design in a concise condition are still challenges.

Photo-Driven Quasi-Topological Transformation Exposing Highly Active Nitrogen Cation Sites for Enhanced Photocatalytic H O Production.

Herein, the exposure of highly-active nitrogen cation sites has been accomplished by photo-driven quasi-topological transformation of a 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione-based covalent organic framework (COF), which contributes to hydrogen peroxide (H O ) synthesis during the 2-electron O photoreduction. The exposed nitrogen cation sites with photo-enhanced Lewis acidity not only act as the electron-transfer motor to adjust the inherent charge distribution, powering continuous and stable charge separation, and broadening visible-light adsorption, but also providing a large number of active sites for O adsorption. The optimal catalyst shows a high H O production rate of 11965 μmol g  h under visible light irradiation and a remarkable apparent quantum yield of 12.

Lipidomics Profiling Reveals Serum Phospholipids Associated with Albuminuria in Early Type 2 Diabetic Kidney Disease.

Early screening and administration of DKD are beneficial for renal outcomes of type 2 diabetic patients. However, the current early diagnosis using the albuminuria/creatine ratio (ACR) contains limitations. This study aimed to compare serum lipidome variation between type 2 diabetes and early DKD patients with increased albuminuria through an untargeted lipidomics method to explore the potential lipid biomarkers for DKD identification.

Charge Density Modulation of Pyrene-Related Small Molecules by Nitrogen Heteroatoms Precisely Regulates Photocatalytic Generation of Hydrogen.

Organic semiconductor materials hold promising applications in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution due to their high modifiability and wide range of light absorption capability. In this study, we present an effective strategy for promoting the separation of photoexcited electrons from organic conjugated centers to active sites by modifying different nitrogen-containing groups on pyrene molecules. Building on this foundation, the well-designed catalyst Py-m-2N has demonstrated good performance by achieving a photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of 48.

INITIATION TIMING OF VASOPRESSOR IN PATIENTS WITH SEPTIC SHOCK: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS.

Background: Vasopressor plays a crucial role in septic shock. However, the time for vasopressor initiation remains controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore its initiation timing for septic shock patients.