Proteomic insights into lipid degradation and volatile compound changes during foxtail millet storage.

Foxtail millet quality deteriorates during storage, but the mechanisms behind aging-related changes are not fully understood. This study investigated lipid degradation and volatile compound changes in stored foxtail millets, employing proteomics to uncover underlying quality decline mechanisms. After 30 days, fatty acid contents increased, accompanied by a general coarser grain surface texture.

[A new fixed Twin-block appliance in the treatment of adolescent patients with skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion].

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical effect of a new fixed Twin-block on adolescent patients with skeletal ClassⅡ malocclusion.

Methods: Twenty-one patients aged 10-13 years with skeletal ClassⅡ malocclusion with mandibular retrusion were chosen for functional treatment using a new fixed Twin-block. Before and after treatment, panoramic and cephalometric films were taken, and the observation indexes were measured and recorded.

Effects of water migration and grain structural evolution on substance dissolution and consistency variation during cooking of different foxtail millet varieties porridge.

Different millet varieties exhibit distinct porridge consistency, influencing consumer preferences. This study investigated water migration and grain structural evolution influencing solids leaching and consistency in five commercial foxtail millet varieties during cooking. Using texture analysis, low-field NMR, stereomicroscopy, and leaching assays, we quantified dynamic changes over a 40-min cooking period.

Possible role of polysaccharide in modulating digestion of potato starch digesta.

The effect of deproteinized Tremella olysaccharide (DTP) on the digestion of potato starch (PS) was investigated. DTP reduced the hydrolysis rate of PS in a concentration-dependent manner, with digestion rates of 76.99 %, 72.

Mechanistic insight into the inhibition of α-glucosidase by millet Prolamin K3ZAN2: An integrated experimental and molecular simulation study.

Dietary proteins with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity are gaining interest for their role in supporting glycemic control. Here, we report that millet-derived prolamin K3ZAN2 modulates α-glucosidase activity through a flexible-region-mediated mechanism. K3ZAN2 exhibited an IC₅₀ of 4.

Nanozyme-Activated PLLA Microspheres for Effective Tissue Detection, Treatment, and Restoration.

Due to the complex pathological characteristics and poor healing properties of tissue injury, current methods are unable to integrate diagnosis, treatment, and repair effectively. To address this challenge, the team is the first to combine PLLA microspheres with self-powered technology, designing and fabricating self-powered enzyme-linked PLLA microspheres, which are composed of an anode and cathode dual-array. These microspheres load glycerol oxidase (Pd@Pt NPs) and horseradish peroxidase (AuAg-Fe MOF), with the latter exhibiting a hydrogen peroxide enzyme activity (K/K) of 1.

Comparison of glutelins characteristics among foxtail millet varieties: Functional, physico-chemical, and structural modifications induced by hydrothermal treatment.

This research evaluated the functional, physico-chemical and structural characteristics of glutelin, a major storage protein, extracted from four Chinese foxtail millet (Setaria italica) varieties (ZZ10, Y18, CH8 and CH6) under raw (GR) and hydrothermally treated (GB) (boiled at 95-100 °C for 15 min) conditions. The purity of glutelin fractions ranged from 76.01 % to 77.

DPP-IV inhibitory peptides from highland barley via machine learning and multi-scale validation.

Highland barley has shown potential in regulating blood glucose and may serve as a natural source of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors. In this study, machine learning (Gradient Boosting Decision Trees) and virtual screening were employed to identify DPP-IV inhibitory peptides from highland barley protein. Three candidate peptides (FPQPQ, FPRPF, and YGGWN) had IC of 675.

Co-Assembled Cryptotanshinone Derivative and Glycyrrhizic Acid Carrier-Free Hydrogel: A Synergistic Approach to Acne Treatment.

Traditional anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial drugs often fail to address all aspects of acne vulgaris and are prone to causing adverse effects such as skin irritation, dryness, and allergic reactions. Consequently, there is a growing preference for the exploration of natural and safer therapeutic agents from plant sources. In this study, we developed a coassembled CU-GA hydrogel formed by cross-linking small active molecules─glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and a cryptotanshinone-peptide conjugate (CTS-G-GLU, CU).

Unveiling the differences between vitexin and isovitexin: From the perspective of sources, green advanced extraction technologies, biological activities, and safety.

Vitexin and isovitexin, as the two of representative flavonoid C-glycosides, are naturally occurring bioactive compounds predominantly found in food plants. Their multiple pharmacological activities have generated a lot of interest in their application in disease management. However, as isomers, vitexin and isovitexin show differences between them in various aspects.

Zein and Trimethyl Chitosan-Based Core-Shell Nanoparticles for Quercetin Oral Delivery to Enhance Absorption by Paracellular Pathway in Obesity Mice.

Quercetin as a flavonoid polyphenol in nature has shown great anti-obesity effects. Due to its poor stability in chemical structure and low intestinal absorption, the in vivo bioavailability of quercetin is considered to be the main challenge for applications. To achieve the oral quercetin administration, chitosan was successfully trimethylated (TMC) to coat the quercetin-loaded zein nanoparticles (Zein-Q), which were designed as the core-shell structure for enhancing the intestinal absorption in this study.

New insights into cold plasma-induced starch modification: A comparative analysis of microstructure and physicochemical properties in A-type and B-type starches.

With the growing demand for clean labeling in food products, cold plasma (CP) has gained attention as an eco-friendly method for starch modification. This study evaluated various effects of CP treatment on A- and B-type starches by comparing their microstructure and physicochemical properties. CP treatment caused the deposition of precipitates on the starch surfaces.

[Prognostic Value of Plasma Fibrinogen Levels in Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma].

Objective: To assess the prognostic significance of plasma fibrinogen（FIB） levels in patients of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 203 newly diagnosed with DLBCL patients who met the study requirements from November 2016 to May 2024. Based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of plasma FIB levels during diagnosis, the critical value of FIB was determined, and patients were divided into high FIB and low FIB groups.

Moderate Highland Barley Intake Affects Anti-Fatigue Capacity in Mice via Metabolism, Anti-Oxidative Effects and Gut Microbiota.

Objectives: this study aimed to explore the effects of different intake levels (20-80%) of highland barley on the anti-fatigue capacity of ICR mice, focusing on energy metabolism, metabolite accumulation, oxidative stress, and changes in the gut microbiota.

Methods: male ICR mice were assigned to five groups: control (normal diet) and four experimental groups with highland barley supplementation at 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% of total dietary energy. Anti-fatigue performance was assessed by behavioral experiments (rotarod, running, and exhaustive swimming tests), biochemical markers, and gut microbiota analysis.

Machine learning discovery of novel antihypertensive peptides from highland barley protein inhibiting angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE).

Hypertension is a major global health concern, and there is a need for new antihypertensive agents derived from natural sources. This study aims to identify novel angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors from bioactive peptides derived from food sources, particularly highland barley proteins, addressing the gap in effective natural ACE inhibitors. This research employs a machine learning-based pipeline combined with peptidomics to screen for ACE-inhibitory peptides, Gradient Boosted Decision Trees (GBDT) with the best performance among four tested models was used to predict the ACE-inhibitory capacity of peptides derived from papain-hydrolyzed highland barley protein.

Refined highland barley ameliorates obesity-associated insulin resistance in high-fat diet-fed mice by targeting the gut microbiota and liver transcriptomics.

Purpose: It is generally believed that refined grains lack nutritional value compared to whole grains. The objective of this study was to investigate whether refined highland barley (RHB) holds the potential to combat obesity-associated insulin resistance.

Methods: Thirty-two male 6-week-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups fed with a normal chow diet, a high-fat diet (HFD), a 30% RHB supplemented HFD diet, and a 30% whole-grain highland barley (WGHB) supplemented HFD diet.

The Effects of Adding Extruded Highland Barley Flour on the Thermomechanical Properties of Wheat Flour Dough and the Overall Quality of Fresh Wet Noodles.

This study examined how adding extruded highland barley flour (EHBF) affects the thermomechanical properties of wheat flour dough and the overall quality of fresh wet noodles. EHBF increased the gel strength and pasting temperature of wheat flour compared to regular highland barley flour. Moreover, higher EHBF levels reduced dough development time and stability time.

Mechanistic understanding of changes in physicochemical properties of different rice starches under high hydrostatic pressure treatment based on molecular and supramolecular structures.

The molecular and supramolecular structures of japonica and waxy rice starches under high hydrostatic pressure treatment (450 MPa) were studied and the changes in physicochemical properties were analyzed based on these structures. The molecular structures of japonica and waxy rice starch cause differences in the lamellar structure and physicochemical properties. The thickness of amorphous lamella of japonica rice starch increased at 5 min (2.

Exploration of the Family in the Gut Microbiota: Diversity, Metabolism, and Function.

The gut microbiota are mainly composed of and and are crucial for metabolism and immunity. are a family of bacteria within the order . produce short-chain fatty acids via endogenous (mucin glycans) and exogenous polysaccharides (dietary fibres).

Raw and heat-treated quinoa protein protects against glucose metabolism disorders in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mice by reshaping gut microbiota and fecal metabolic profiles.

Plant-based proteins have received considerable global attention due to their nutritional value and potential health effects. As a high-quality plant protein, the hypoglycemic effect of quinoa protein and its potential mechanism have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we compared the hypoglycemic effects of raw quinoa protein (RP-quinoa) and heat-treated quinoa protein (HP-quinoa) and further explored their potential mechanisms using multi-omics analysis based on gut microbiota and fecal metabolic profiles in HFD-fed mice.

Valorization of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) brans from the sustainable perspective: A comprehensive review of bioactive compounds and health benefits with emphasis on their potential applications.

Barley is an important source of sustainable diets for humans, while its brans is commonly disposed as wastes. The recycling of barley brans has become a key for facilitating the valorization of barley as a whole to achieve its sustainable development. This review summarized the value of barley brans as an excellent source of multiple functional components (phenolic compounds, β-glucan, and arabinoxylan), which conferred extensive health benefits to barley brans mainly including antioxidant, anti-obesity and lipid-lowering, anti-diabetic, and hepatoprotective properties.