[Advances in target-guided discovery technologies for active components in traditional Chinese medicine].

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), with diverse structural types of active components and remarkable clinical efficacy, holds a significant position in the pharmacological research. As the key substances, active components of TCM are of great importance in revealing the material basis of TCM efficacy and mechanism of action. However, the conventional approaches of discovering active components in TCM are characterized by tedious procedures, lengthy cycles, and unclear mechanisms, which struggle to meet the current demands for drug development.

High-throughput discrimination of chlorogenic acid isomers in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos by U-shaped mobility analyzer-mass spectrometer.

Chlorogenic acids (CGAs), bioactive polyphenols with structural similarities and labile characteristics, pose analytical challenges for isomer differentiation. This study introduces a rapid U-shaped mobility analyzer-mass spectrometry (UMA-MS) method for high-resolution characterization of 13 CGAs, including five isomeric groups. The technique achieved complete separation within 2 s, with a total analysis time of 2 min per sample.

[A new fixed Twin-block appliance in the treatment of adolescent patients with skeletal Class Ⅱ malocclusion].

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical effect of a new fixed Twin-block on adolescent patients with skeletal ClassⅡ malocclusion.

Methods: Twenty-one patients aged 10-13 years with skeletal ClassⅡ malocclusion with mandibular retrusion were chosen for functional treatment using a new fixed Twin-block. Before and after treatment, panoramic and cephalometric films were taken, and the observation indexes were measured and recorded.

Exercise improves aging-induced cardiac dysfunction and prolongs lifespan via Hmgcr.

Since the incidence of cardiovascular disease increases dramatically with age, it is crucial to understand the molecular mechanisms of heart damage in aging and how to reduce the damage caused by aging to the heart. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase (HMGCR) is the rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis and catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate (MVA). Hmgcr not only affects cholesterol synthesis during the development process, but also regulates primordial germ cell migration and affects heart development.

A Review of Strategies to Improve the Electrocatalytic Performance of Tungsten Oxide Nanostructures for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

Hydrogen, as a renewable and clean energy with a high energy density, is of great significance to the realization of carbon neutrality. In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by splitting water, with a focus on developing efficient electrocatalysts that can perform the HER at an overpotential with minimal power consumption. Tungsten oxide (WO), a non-noble-metal-based material, has great potential in hydrogen evolution due to its excellent redox capability, low cost, and high stability.

Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modulate Cytokine Secretion of CD4 T Cell in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Inhibiting HSP90AA1 in the Glucose-Activated PI3K-AKT Pathway.

Objective: Treatment with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) attenuated the clinical manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We investigated the metabolic mechanism whereby hUC-MSCs modify CD4 T cell cytokine secretion in lupus.

Methods: The study enrolled 30 untreated lupus patients and 20 sex, age, and body mass index matched healthy controls (HCs).

Hybrid Cell Membrane-Functionalized Nanoagents Synergistically Enhance Cuproptosis-Mediated Immunotherapy by Dual Modulation of Glycolytic Metabolism and Tumor Microenvironments.

Glycolytic activity of cancer cells not only reduces their vulnerability to cuproptosis but also heightens the immunosuppressive state of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Our study introduces a nanoplatform called dual-remodeling cuproptosis-inducing agent with hybrid cell membrane coating (DREAM), which is crafted to simultaneously modify the metabolic and immunological landscapes of the TME to enhance cuproptosis-driven immunotherapy. This platform exploits cancer-cell-derived membranes for homologous targeting, enhancing tumor specificity, intratumoral penetration, and intracellular copper delivery.

Disrupting Biofilm Tolerance by Ionic Microbubble-Mediated Copper Ion Surge for Infection Clearance.

Bacterial infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria persist due to biofilm-mediated tolerance, which limits the efficacy of both antimicrobial agents and host immune defenses. Here, we develop ionic microbubbles (MB-CuTA) self-assembled by FeO@CuTA nanoparticles to enhance copper ion-mediated antibiofilm therapy. Upon ultrasound activation, MB-CuTA undergoes inertial cavitation, disrupting biofilm integrity and generating a localized surge of copper ions.

Aerobic exercise ameliorates skeletal muscle atrophy in atic knockout zebrafish through the oxidative phosphorylation pathway.

The mechanisms linking purine metabolism disorders to skeletal muscle pathology are unclear. This study constructed a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated zebrafish atic knockout model and a siRNA-interfered C2C12 myoblast cell model. We revealed a novel mechanism by which ATIC (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase) deletion drove the atrophy of skeletal muscle through the downregulation of the oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria (OXPHOS) pathway.

Aberrant glucose metabolism drives dysfunction of CD4 T cells in systemic lupus erythematosus and disease flares.

Introduction: T cell immuno-metabolic regulation plays a key role in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study aimed to analyze the role of CD4 T cell glucose metabolism in SLE development.

Material And Methods: Clinical data and blood samples were collected from 20 untreated SLE patients and healthy controls (HCs) matched for age, sex, and body mass index.

Nebulized MSC exosomes promote the transdifferentiation of transitional state cells against acute lung injury through STAT3/Krt8/AQP5 axis.

The transdifferentiation of alveolar epithelial type II cells (AECIIs) to alveolar epithelial type I cells (AECIs) plays an important role in the epithelial repair in acute lung injury (ALI). Although transitional state cells have been reported to regenerate the alveolar epithelium surface and promote a repair process, the treatment of ALI based on transitional state cells has not been suggested. Here, we demonstrate that nebulized mesenchymal stem cell exosomes (MSC exosomes) can be used for ALI and MSC exosomes have the ability to promote the differentiation of transitional state cells into AECIs by regulating the STAT3/Krt8/AQP5 axis.

Revealing the Electronic Structure of Water Imprinted in the Chiral Molecular Environment.

Water plays a crucial role in determining the functions of biomolecules and nanomaterials. However, the electronic structure of water molecules at the nanoscale remains elusive. In this study, we investigate the electronic structure of water molecules imprinted in chiral Ag(I) thiolate complexes (-SRs) by using cysteine as a probe ligand.

Knotless versus knotted arthroscopic Bankart repairs for anterior shoulder instability: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Arthroscopic Bankart repair can be performed via a more contemporary knotless procedure or a more traditional knotted procedure. Nonetheless, comparisons between these two techniques remain controversial.

Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted.

Prevalence, associated factors, and short-term impact of central sensitization in high-altitude patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.

Purpose: Central sensitization (CS) plays a critical role in prolonged pain and poor outcomes after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), but its prevalence and impact in high-altitude populations remain unexplored. This study aims to examine the prevalence of CS, its associated factors, and short-term postoperative outcomes in high-altitude TKA patients.

Methods: This prospective, single-centre cohort study included high-altitude (above 2,500 m) TKA patients with primary knee osteoarthritis (OA).

SFXN1 promotes bladder cancer metastasis by restraining PINK1-dependent mitophagy.

Sideroflexin 1 (SFXN1), a newly identified mitochondrial serine transporter, exhibits great potential to modulate mitochondrial function and promote tumor development. However, its role in bladder cancer (BLCA) remains unclear. Our study revealed that SFXN1 was enriched in clinical BLCA tissues, and high SFXN1 expression in BLCA was positively associated with the progression and poor prognosis.

Hollow-core fiber made of ultralow expansion glass: Toward the ultimate stability for room-temperature fiber optics.

Optical fibers have revolutionized many fields including communications, sensing, and manufacturing. Better performance and further applications are expected from emerging hollow-core fibers (HCFs) in which light propagates through a central void. Such propagation eliminates most of the light-glass interaction responsible for most of the transmission impairments in current optical fibers.

Acid sphingomyelinase recruits palmitoylated CD36 to membrane rafts and enhances lipid uptake.

CD36 palmitoylation increases its membrane localization and is required for CD36-mediated uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). Acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) is transported to the plasma membrane, where it promotes lipid raft clustering, facilitating membrane protein anchoring for biological functions. We investigated the effects of oxLDL on CD36 palmitoylation and explored the role of ASMase in CD36 membrane translocation.

Association between physical activity and all-cause mortality in patients with depression: a prospective cohort study based on NHANES data.

Objective: This prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the association between physical activity (PA) and all-cause mortality in patients with depression.

Methods: Data from 2,841 subjects were derived from the 2005-2018 U.S.

Clinical value of serum miR-214-3p expression in the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and prediction of its chronic complications.

Background: The majority of diabetes cases fall into type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is prone to chronic complications that have a long-term impact on patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic potential of miR-214-3p in T2DM and its predictive value for chronic complications, providing a novel biomarker for the disease.

Methods: A total of 156 patients with T2DM and 80 non-T2DM individuals were included.

Physical activity and risk of cancer mortality in patients with and without cancer: is there a dose-response relationship?

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine a dose-response association between aerobic physical activity (APA) and muscle-strengthening exercise (MSE) and their combinations with cancer mortality.

Methods: The final 575,439 participants involved in this study were derived from 1997 to 2018 longitudinal follow-up data collected in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). The APA and MSE were requested via self-reported questionnaires.

The N6-methyladenosine reader IGF2BP3 promotes bladder cancer progression through enhancing HSP90AB1 expression.

N-methyladenosine (mA) is the most abundant RNA modification in mammalian cells, and has emerged as an important player in tumour development through post-transcriptional gene regulation. In this study, we found that the mA reader protein IGF2BP3 was the most upregulated mA modifier in bladder cancer through the proteomic analysis of 17 pairs of human bladder cancer tissues and adjacent normal bladder tissues, for which the expression was also positively correlated with higher tumour stage and poorer prognosis. In vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated the powerful oncogenic function of IGF2BP3 in bladder cancer.

A high-efficiency oil/water emulsion separation sponge based on sodium alginate-loofah composite gels.

Nowadays, many reported oil/water (O/W) emulsion filter materials have issues such as susceptibility to fouling, complex processing, high costs, and environmental unfriendliness. Herein, a novel O/W emulsion separation membrane-like sponge (SA/GO-SL) is prepared in this study by utilizing reshaped waste loofah (LF) as skeleton, the in situ formed sodium alginate (SA) gels as binder, and the graphene oxide (GO) added into the gels as functional component. Reshaped LF provides an enough anti-pressure ability and micron-sized pores structure, which guarantees a water flux of 63.

HOXA10-AS Enhances Gastric Cancer Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion via the p38 MAPK/STAT3 Signaling Pathway.

Gastric cancer (GC) represents a major global health concern, with over 1 million new cases diagnosed annually worldwide. Emerging studies have highlighted the significant correlation between long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and the progression of GC. The objective of the current study is to investigate the roles and mechanism of lncRNA homeobox A10 antisense RNA (HOXA10-AS) in modulating malignant properties of GC cells.

Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus via Glucose Metabolism of CD4T Cells.

Background: T cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), with their functions regulated by various metabolic pathways. This study explores SLE pathogenesis and the therapeutic effects of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) via metabolic reprogramming.

Methods: Clinical data and peripheral blood samples were collected from 15 SLE patients and matched healthy controls.