Potential role of Fanconi anemia pathway in the pathogenesis of endometrial cancer (Review).

Endometrial cancer (EC) is a common gynecologic malignancy that often exhibits molecular features such as extensive somatic copy number alterations, microsatellite instability and frequent mutations, which considerably affect the physical and mental well‑being of women. The Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway is a DNA damage repair pathway involving multiple FA genes that play crucial roles in DNA damage repair as well as the maintenance of genome stability. Abnormalities in FA, such as deletions or mutations, may lead to defects in DNA damage repair, resulting in increased genomic instability and/or an abnormal cell cycle, ultimately leading to EC.

Expert Consensus on Subxiphoid and Subcostal Arch Thoracoscopic Resection for the Treatment of Thymoma.

Surgery is the primary treatment for thymoma. Although subxiphoid and subcostal arch thoracoscopic thymoma surgery is widely used, there is currently a lack of consensus regarding its use, nor have standards been established. Based on the surgical experience of many domestic thoracic surgery centers, the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Medical University has formulated this expert consensus regarding key clinical issues related to thoracoscopic thymoma surgery, including preoperative evaluation, surgical indications, preoperative preparation, surgical details, perioperative management, postoperative treatment, and follow-up.

Young apple polyphenol extract prevents diabetic cognitive dysfunction by promoting TET2-mediated active DNA demethylation in the brain of diabetic mice.

Introduction: Diabetic cognitive dysfunction (DCD) refers to the impairment of cognitive function resulting from diabetes. The increasing prevalence of diabetes and the aging population have rendered DCD a significant threat to brain health. Young apple polyphenol extract (YAPE) has demonstrated potential in preventing DCD, although its underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood.

Purification, folding, activity analysis and substrate specificity of Pseudomonas diacylglycerol kinase.

The structural and functional investigation of bacterial membrane proteins is crucial to the development of antibiotics. Diacylglycerol kinase (DAGK) from Escherichia coli (E. coli) has been extensively studied as a model membrane protein.

Prospective Comparison of 2D-Shear Wave Elastography and Vibration-Controlled Transient Elastography in Assessing Liver Fibrosis in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.

Rationale And Objectives: This prospective study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of 2D-shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) with vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) for assessing liver fibrosis in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).

Materials And Methods: Ninety-one participants (mean age: 42±13 years; 52 males) suspected of MASLD and scheduled for liver biopsy were enrolled at the Clinical Trial Center of our hospital between June 2024 and December 2024. All participants underwent both VCTE and 2D-SWE examinations on the same day as their liver biopsy, which served as the gold standard for assessing fibrosis.

Comparative genomic analysis of metal-tolerant bacteria reveals significant differences in metal adaptation strategies.

Unlabelled: Metal-tolerant bacteria have been commercially used in wastewater treatment, bio-fertilizer, and soil remediation, etc. However, the mechanisms underlying their actions are not yet fully understood. We isolated metal-tolerant bacteria from the rhizosphere soil samples with metal-enriched media containing Cu, Fe, or Mn, sequenced and compared the genomes, and analyzed their metal adaptation strategies at genomic levels to better understand their action mechanisms.

Embedding polydopamine in keratin-based biohydrogels for efficient dye removal.

Keratin-based hydrogels have shown promise as materials for wastewater remediation, yet their low surface area and poor mechanical performance hindered the practical application. To address these challenges, we developed a bowl-shaped polydopamine-loaded sponge bio-hydrogel (BPSH) with a hierarchical porous structure and high stability. The extruded keratin chains facilitated the formation of three distinct macroporous frameworks, while embedding bowl-shaped polydopamine into the bio-hydrogel significantly enhanced the hierarchical porous structure.

Valley charge-transfer insulator in twisted double bilayer WSe.

In flat-band systems, emergent physics can be substantially modified by the presence of another nearby electronic band. For example, a Mott˘Hubbard insulator can turn into a charge transfer insulator if other electronic states enter between the upper and lower Hubbard bands. Here, we introduce twisted double bilayer (TDB) WSe, with twist angles near 60°, as a controllable platform in which the K-valley band can be tuned to close vicinity of the Γ-valley moiré flat band.

Chemerin attenuates acute kidney injury by inhibiting ferroptosis via the AMPK/NRF2/SLC7A11 axis.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and life-threatening condition associated with cell death, where ferroptosis plays a critical role. Chemerin, primarily produced in white adipose tissue, has multiple biological functions in renal pathophysiology. However, to date, whether and how chemerin regulates the progression of AKI remain unclear.

Inhibition of PKM2 by shikonin impedes TGF-β1 expression by repressing histone lactylation to alleviate renal fibrosis.

Background: Macrophage-myofibroblast transition (MMT) plays a significant role in the progression of renal fibrosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD), making inhibition of MMT a promising therapeutic strategy. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and its metabolite lactate are implicated in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis; however, the mechanisms through which they contribute to this process remain poorly understood.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of PKM2 inhibition by shikonin on renal fibrosis and the underly mechanisms.

Perspectives on Applications of F-NMR in Fragment-Based Drug Discovery.

Fragment-based drug discovery is a powerful approach in drug discovery, applicable to a wide range of targets. This method enables the discovery of potent compounds that can modulate target functions, starting from fragment compounds that bind weakly to the targets. While biochemical, biophysical, and cell-based assays are commonly used to identify fragments, F-NMR spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful tool for exploring interactions between biomolecules and ligands.

H, N and C backbone resonance assignment of the N-terminal region of Zika virus NS4B protein in detergent micelles.

Zika virus has raised global concerns due to its link to microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. One of viral nonstructural proteins-NS4B, an integral membrane protein, plays crucial roles in viral replication by interacting with both viral and host proteins, rendering it an attractive drug target for antiviral development. We purified the N-terminal region of ZIKV NS4B (NS4B NTD) and reconstituted it into detergent micelles.

Unraveling dynamics and interactions of core microorganisms in the biodegradation of keratin-based feather wastes.

Waste feathers, abundant byproducts of the poultry industry, pose significant environmental challenges. Although microbial degradation has been investigated, the core microorganisms and their interactions remain underexplored. This study examined microbial community dynamics during feather degradation, using diverse feather sources and under varying temperatures.

Bioinformatics-aided function exploration of GH29 fucosidases from human gut Parabacteroides.

Gut microbes produce α-l-fucosidases critical for utilizing human milk oligosaccharides, mucosal and dietary glycans. Although gut Parabacteroides have garnered attention for their impact on host health and disease, their CAZymes remain poorly studied. CAZome analysis of eleven gut Parabacteroides type strains revealed their capacity to degrade mucin O-glycans.

Microneedles containing Cucumaria frondosa polysaccharides and 3-acetylaconitine exert analgesic, anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective activity for knee osteoarthritis.

3-Acetylaconitine (AAC) is a commercially analgesic drug for arthritis, however, due to its narrow safety range, its clinical application is limited. The objective of the study was to investigate the combined effect of Cucumaria frondosa polysaccharide (CFP) and AAC in microneedles on knee osteoarthritis (KOA). The characterization of microneedles was conducted and a rat model of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced KOA was established to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity in this study.

Relationship between ferroptosis and mitophagy in acute lung injury: a mini-review.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is one of the most deadly and prevalent diseases in the intensive care unit. Ferroptosis and mitophagy are pathological mechanisms of ALI. Ferroptosis aggravates ALI, whereas mitophagy regulates ALI.

Tunable even- and odd-denominator fractional quantum Hall states in trilayer graphene.

Fractional quantum Hall (FQH) states are exotic quantum many-body phases whose elementary charged excitations are anyons obeying fractional braiding statistics. While most FQH states are believed to have Abelian anyons, the Moore-Read type states with even denominators - appearing at half filling of a Landau level (LL) - are predicted to possess non-Abelian excitations with appealing potential in topological quantum computation. These states, however, depend sensitively on the orbital contents of the single-particle LL wavefunctions and the LL mixing.

Strongly coupled magneto-exciton condensates in large-angle twisted double bilayer graphene.

Excitons, pairs of electrons and holes, undergo a Bose-Einstein condensation at low temperatures. An important platform to study excitons is double-layer two-dimensional electron gases, with two parallel planes of electrons and holes separated by a thin insulating layer. Lowering this separation (d) strengthens the exciton binding energy, however, leads to the undesired interlayer tunneling, resulting in annihilation of excitons.

Platelet membrane biomimetic nanoparticle-targeted delivery of TGF-β1 siRNA attenuates renal inflammation and fibrosis.

The progression of renal fibrosis to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is significantly influenced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signal pathway. This study aimed to develop nanoparticles (PMVs@PLGA complexes) with platelet membrane camouflage, which can transport interfering RNA to target and regulate the TGF-β1 pathway in damaged renal tissues. The aim is to reduce the severity of acute kidney injury and to reduce fibrosis in chronic kidney disease.

Insights into the biosynthesis of palladium nanoparticles for oxygen reduction reaction by genetically engineered bacteria of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1.

Owing to the increasing need for green synthesis and environmental protection, the utilization of biological organism-derived carbons as supports for noble-metal electrocatalysts has garnered public interest. Nevertheless, the mechanism by which microorganisms generate nanometals has not been fully understood yet. In the present study, we used genetically engineered bacteria of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 (∆SO4317, ∆SO4320, ∆SO0618 and ∆SO3745) to explore the effect of surface substances including biofilm-associated protein (bpfA), protein secreted by type I secretion systems (TISS) and type II secretion systems (T2SS), and lipopolysaccharide in microbial synthesis of metal nanoparticles.

Characterization of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PM415 as a potential bio-preserving probiotic.

Animal feed is vulnerable to fungal infections, and the use of bio-preserving probiotics has received increasing attention. In contrast to Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria spp., fewer Bacillus spp.

Linear resistivity at van Hove singularities in twisted bilayer WSe.

Different mechanisms driving a linear temperature dependence of the resistivity ∼ at van Hove singularities (VHSs) or metal-insulator transitions when doping a Mott insulator are being debated intensively with competing theoretical proposals. We experimentally investigate this using the exceptional tunability of twisted bilayer (TB) WSe by tracking the parameter regions where linear-in- resistivity is found in dependency of displacement fields, filling, and magnetic fields. We find that even when the VHSs are tuned rather far away from the half-filling point and the Mott insulating transition is absent, the -linear resistivity persists at the VHSs.