Achieving an Objective Response Following Two Cycles of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Plus Anti-PD-(L)1 Inhibitors Might Predict the Optimal Pathological Response in Resectable Stage II-III Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus anti-programmed death (ligand)-1 (anti-PD-(L)1) inhibitors (chemoimmunotherapy) for early-stage nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is under investigation, but differences in pathological response rates between patients who achieved objective responses after 2 versus 3-6 cycles remain unclear.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 481 stage II-III NSCLC patients who had 2-6 cycles of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy followed by surgery (June 2018-February 2024). The primary outcomes compared the pathological response (pathological complete response [pCR] and major pathological response [MPR]) between the 2-cycle (n = 99) and 3-6-cycle (n = 382) groups in patients who achieved objective response as well as between objective response rate (ORR) and non-ORR groups.

Three-Year Follow-Up of the Phase II Trial for Resectable Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Perioperative Sintilimab and Neoadjuvant Anlotinib Plus Chemotherapy: TD-NeoFOUR Trial.

Background: Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Perioperative therapies, including neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy, have improved outcomes, but combining them with antiangiogenic drugs may offer further benefits. This study evaluated the 3-year efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant sintilimab, anlotinib, and chemotherapy in resectable NSCLC patients from the TD-NeoFOUR trial.

Four-year follow-up from the phase 2 study TD-NICE: neoadjuvant treatment of tislelizumab combined with chemotherapy in resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: The efficacy and safety of tislelizumab combined with chemotherapy as neoadjuvant therapy have been presented and evaluated in previously published TD-NICE study. However, the long-term impacts of patients who received tislelizumab plus chemotherapy followed by surgery were not observed in the study.

Methods: From September 2020 to March 2021, a total of 45 patients were enrolled in the TD-NICE trial.

Revealing two decades of chlorophyll-a dynamics in arid oligotrophic lakes of Xinjiang, China using a deep recurrent approach.

Oligotrophic lakes in arid and semi-arid regions are vital to local livelihoods and ecosystems, yet research has primarily focused on water levels and volumes in these areas, with limited attention to water quality. As a sensitive indicator of ecological change, chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), which is detectable via remote sensing, can provide valuable insights into subtle variations in water quality. To address this research gap, we investigated Chl-a concentrations in lakes larger than 100 km across the expansive Xinjiang region of China using two decades (2002-2023) of MODIS imagery.

Expert Consensus on Subxiphoid and Subcostal Arch Thoracoscopic Resection for the Treatment of Thymoma.

Surgery is the primary treatment for thymoma. Although subxiphoid and subcostal arch thoracoscopic thymoma surgery is widely used, there is currently a lack of consensus regarding its use, nor have standards been established. Based on the surgical experience of many domestic thoracic surgery centers, the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Medical University has formulated this expert consensus regarding key clinical issues related to thoracoscopic thymoma surgery, including preoperative evaluation, surgical indications, preoperative preparation, surgical details, perioperative management, postoperative treatment, and follow-up.

Discovery of anti-MRSA carpatamides' congeners by heterologous expression along with their mechanism investigation targeting FabI and biofilm formation.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains a significant clinical challenge, necessitating the discovery of novel anti-MRSA agents. Previous bioinformatic analysis identified a candidate biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) of ctd for carpatamides in Streptomyces parvus 1268. Through heterologous expression of ctd and subsequent fermentation and isolation, we have identified five novel carpatamide derivatives of carpatamides N - R (1-5), and a known compound of daryamide A (6).

Nicotinamide mononucleotide ameliorates hypertriglyceridemia pancreatitis via NAD/SIRT1-mediated TXNIP suppression and NOTCH pathway for accelerated repair-associated processes.

Background & Aims: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a life-threatening condition, and hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is recognized as a factor exacerbating AP and impeding pancreatic regeneration. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a precursor in the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), is extensively utilized to restore NAD levels. However, the impact of NMN on HTG-AP has not been previously addressed, which prompted our investigation into its effects and underlying mechanisms in this study.

Choosing the right strategies: An analysis of crisis response strategies in Chinese universities.

Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT) provides a theoretical framework for crisis response strategies in different crisis situations. Based on the theoretical framework of SCCT, a qualitative thematic analysis is conducted to examine the crisis response strategies used in 182 response documents officially released by Chinese universities, and a content analysis is further employed to classify 147 crises in 125 universities into three clusters to examine the use of strategies in addressing different types of crises. The findings revealed that Chinese universities have adopted 17 new strategies beyond the strategies proposed by SCCT, highlighting a discrepancy between the theoretical ground of the theory and the application of strategies in real-life crisis response of Chinese universities.

High Resolution Water Quality Dataset of Chinese Lakes and Reservoirs from 2000 to 2023.

Water quality parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), total nitrogen (TN, includes both organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen), total phosphorus (TP), permanganate index (COD), turbidity (Tur), electrical conductivity (EC), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC)) are important to evaluate the ecological health of lakes and reservoirs. In this research, we developed a monthly dataset of these key water quality parameters from 2000 to 2023 for nearly 180,000 lakes and reservoirs across China, using the random forest (RF) models. These RF models took into account the impacts of climate, soil properties, and anthropogenic activities within basins of studied lakes and reservoirs, and effectively captured the spatial and temporal variations of their water quality parameters with correlation coefficients (R) ranging from 0.

China's greenhouse gas budget during 2000-2023.

National greenhouse gas (GHG) budget, including CO, CH and NO has increasingly become a topic of concern in international climate governance. China is paying increasing attention to reducing GHG emissions and increasing land sinks to effectively mitigate climate change. Accurate estimates of GHG fluxes are crucial for monitoring progress toward mitigating GHG emissions in China.

Global trends and regime state shifts of lacustrine aquatic vegetation.

Aquatic vegetation (AV) is vital for maintaining the health of lake ecosystems, with submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) and floating/emergent aquatic vegetation (FEAV) representing clear and shaded states, respectively. However, global SAV and FEAV dynamics are poorly understood due to data scarcity. To address this gap, we developed an innovative AV mapping algorithm and workflow using satellite imagery (1.

Partial pressure of oxygen control versus modified inflation-deflation method in identifying intersegmental plane during anatomical sublobectomy: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial.

Background: With increasing early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) diagnoses, sublobar resections including segmentectomy and wedge resection have become commonly used in clinical settings. The success of lung segment surgery hinges on the accurate identification of intersegmental planes (ISPs), which is typically achieved by the modified inflation-deflation method; however, this technique is associated with a prolonged duration for identifying ISP. The "partial pressure of oxygen control method" represents an optimization of the inflation-deflation technique, designed to facilitate rapid identification of ISP during surgical procedures.

Discovery and characterization of the first hyperthermophilic 3-quinuclidinone reductase from hot-spring metagenomes.

Extremozymes play an essential part in the biosynthesis of pharmaceuticals (intermediates). In this study, a mixed assembly was performed for five metagenomes from hot springs. Via a series of procedures, including homology analysis, heterologous expression, and catalytic property characterization, the first hyperthermophilic 3-quinuclidinone reductase (SbQR) was successfully identified.

Molecular dynamics simulation-driven focused virtual screening and experimental validation of Fisetin as an inhibitor of Helicobacter pylori HtrA protease.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori, Hp) is a primary contributor to various stomach diseases, including gastritis and gastric cancer. This bacterium can colonize gastric epithelial cells, compromising their integrity and leading to the development of these conditions.

Learning curve for double micro-portal video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy.

Background: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy serves as a standard surgical approach for the management of resectable lung cancer. The double micro-portal VATS lobectomy technique, a viable surgical procedure, has gained widespread acceptance in clinical settings within our center. In this study, we present a retrospective analysis of our institutional experience with the double micro-portal VATS lobectomy, including an assessment of the learning curve.

Near-infrared fluorogenic RNA for in vivo imaging and sensing.

Fluorogenic RNA aptamers have various applications, including use as fluorescent tags for imaging RNA trafficking and as indicators of RNA-based sensors that exhibit fluorescence upon binding small-molecule fluorophores in living cells. Current fluorogenic RNA:fluorophore complexes typically emit visible fluorescence. However, it is challenging to develop fluorogenic RNA with near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence for in vivo imaging and sensing studies.

An innovative and safe method to manage the inter-segmental plane using the "Inserted Multilateral Cutting Method" in pulmonary segmentectomy.

Background: Management of the intersegmental plane (ISP) remains a challenge in lung segmentectomy to minimize intra- or postoperative complications and damage to the lungs. The purpose of this study was to assess the novel method's clinical feasibility and safety for segmentectomy.

Methods: A total of 205 patients who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) segmentectomy from May 2018 to January 2020 were retrospectively reviewed.

Seamless observations of chlorophyll-a from OLCI and VIIRS measurements in inland lakes.

The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) and Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) are two main instruments for the ocean color community to observe the global lake environment in the following decades. Despite their applications to retrieve various water optical parameters, the spatial and temporal resolutions of individual sensors cannot meet the requirements for lake monitoring effectively. To date, the possibility of complementary observations through the OLCI-VIIRS data to lake aquatic environments remains unclear.

Eutrophication exacerbated organic pollution in lakes across China during the 1980s-2010s.

Lakes are vital sources of drinking water and essential habitats for humans and various other living organisms. However, many lakes face organic pollution due to anthropogenic disturbance and climatic influence, and the spatiotemporal changes of organic pollution in lakes over a large area are still unclear. Based on three monitoring datasets of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in 390 lakes, this study demonstrated the apparent spatiotemporal differences of organic pollution in lakes during the 1980s-2010s and the effects of water eutrophication and salinization.

Perioperative sintilimab and neoadjuvant anlotinib plus chemotherapy for resectable non-small-cell lung cancer: a multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 2 trial (TD-NeoFOUR trial).

This open-label, single-arm, phase 2 trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant sintilimab combined with anlotinib and chemotherapy, followed by adjuvant sintilimab, for resectable NSCLC. Forty-five patients received anlotinib (10 mg, QD, PO, days 1-14), sintilimab (200 mg, day 1), and platinum-based chemotherapy of each three-week cycle for 3 cycles, followed by surgery within 4-6 weeks. Adjuvant sintilimab (200 mg) was administered every 3 weeks.