Achieving an Objective Response Following Two Cycles of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Plus Anti-PD-(L)1 Inhibitors Might Predict the Optimal Pathological Response in Resectable Stage II-III Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus anti-programmed death (ligand)-1 (anti-PD-(L)1) inhibitors (chemoimmunotherapy) for early-stage nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is under investigation, but differences in pathological response rates between patients who achieved objective responses after 2 versus 3-6 cycles remain unclear.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 481 stage II-III NSCLC patients who had 2-6 cycles of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy followed by surgery (June 2018-February 2024). The primary outcomes compared the pathological response (pathological complete response [pCR] and major pathological response [MPR]) between the 2-cycle (n = 99) and 3-6-cycle (n = 382) groups in patients who achieved objective response as well as between objective response rate (ORR) and non-ORR groups.

Three-Year Follow-Up of the Phase II Trial for Resectable Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Perioperative Sintilimab and Neoadjuvant Anlotinib Plus Chemotherapy: TD-NeoFOUR Trial.

Background: Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Perioperative therapies, including neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy, have improved outcomes, but combining them with antiangiogenic drugs may offer further benefits. This study evaluated the 3-year efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant sintilimab, anlotinib, and chemotherapy in resectable NSCLC patients from the TD-NeoFOUR trial.

Four-year follow-up from the phase 2 study TD-NICE: neoadjuvant treatment of tislelizumab combined with chemotherapy in resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: The efficacy and safety of tislelizumab combined with chemotherapy as neoadjuvant therapy have been presented and evaluated in previously published TD-NICE study. However, the long-term impacts of patients who received tislelizumab plus chemotherapy followed by surgery were not observed in the study.

Methods: From September 2020 to March 2021, a total of 45 patients were enrolled in the TD-NICE trial.

Physiological and psychological symptom management based on electronic patient-reported outcomes: the TD-WELLBEING randomized clinical trial.

Background: One-third of all lung cancer cases globally are reported in China. This study evaluated the symptom management efficacy of an electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePRO)-based intervention for postoperative symptoms like pain and psychological distress after lung cancer surgery.

Methods: We included lung cancer surgery patients (April 2022-October 2023; age, 18-75 years) with ECOG scores of 0-2 and expected survival of >6 months and randomized them into control and intervention groups.

Deciphering the role of signal regulatory protein α in immunotherapy for solid tumors.

Therapies targeting immune checkpoints like programmed death receptor-1 and programmed death ligand-1 have demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in combating cancer. However, a subset of patients fails to respond to these therapies, underscoring the complexity of tumor immune evasion mechanisms. Exploring innovative immune regulatory targets represents a crucial research priority in this field.

Expert Consensus on Subxiphoid and Subcostal Arch Thoracoscopic Resection for the Treatment of Thymoma.

Surgery is the primary treatment for thymoma. Although subxiphoid and subcostal arch thoracoscopic thymoma surgery is widely used, there is currently a lack of consensus regarding its use, nor have standards been established. Based on the surgical experience of many domestic thoracic surgery centers, the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Medical University has formulated this expert consensus regarding key clinical issues related to thoracoscopic thymoma surgery, including preoperative evaluation, surgical indications, preoperative preparation, surgical details, perioperative management, postoperative treatment, and follow-up.

Synthesis and Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of Novel Potent SDHI Fungicides Featuring a Conjugated Alkyne Structural Motif.

The productivity and quality of agricultural commodities are significantly affected by plant pathogenic fungi, thereby necessitating the urgent development of new fungicides with specific structures, high efficacy, and low toxicity. In this study, a series of novel conjugated alkynes as succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors were synthesized, and their antifungal properties were evaluated. The bioassay results demonstrated that most synthesized compounds exhibited greater potency against than other fungal species.

Revealing the Underlying Role of LiCO in Enhancing Performance of Oxyhalide-Based Solid-State Batteries.

Residual lithium compounds (RLCs) in all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) employing Ni-rich cathode materials (LiNiCoMnO, NCM) are traditionally viewed either as ionically and electronically insulating layers hindering electrochemical performance or as protective buffer layers enhancing cycling stability. In this study, a beneficial role of LiCO in ASSBs featuring an oxyhalide-based AlOCl-2LiCl (LAOC) solid-state electrolyte (SSE) is revealed. ASSBs containing NCM with residual LiCO demonstrate superior electrochemical performance compared to those treated with a washing pretreatment to remove LiCO.

Multidisciplinary international expert consensus on perioperative airway management.

Background: Perioperative airway management is critical for patient safety and optimal surgical outcomes. Effective airway management reduces postoperative pulmonary complications and accelerates recovery. This expert consensus aims to update the earlier consensus based on the latest research and emphasize aspects that were previously overlooked.

Development and application of patient-reported experience measures for cancer patients: a scoping review.

Objective: This study examines the currently available Patient-Reported Experience Measures for cancer patients and provides a scoping overview of their definitions, evaluation frameworks, assessment tools, and current applications. The findings aim to inform and guide the development of a patient-centered care model.

Methods: Using a combination of subject terms and free-text keywords, studies published by national and international initiatives were reviewed across three online databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and MEDLINE) following the PRISMA guidelines.

Effects of Long-Term Air Pollution Exposure on Disease Outcomes and Hybrid Immune Responses in SARS-CoV-2 Breakthrough Infections: A Study of the Yichang COVID-19 Antibody Longitudinal Survey (YC-CALS) in China.

Background: As immunity wanes and viral mutations continue, the risk of endemic SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections (BTIs) remains. Air pollution is considered a risk factor for respiratory infection, but evidence of its association with SARS-CoV-2 BTIs is limited.

Objectives: We aimed to examine the effects of long-term exposure to air pollution on disease outcomes, immune responses, and antibody dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 BTIs.

Uniform and controllable surface nano-structure on polyetheretherketone implants can regulate mechanical property to enhance soft tissue integration through Piezo1/TGF-β1 signaling axis.

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has potential to repair the orbital floor bone defects following craniofacial trauma and orbital surgery. However, the inertness of the material impedes the soft tissue integration of implants, leading to complications such as implant migration and infection. Surface patterning modification on PEEK can promote the surface hydrophily to enhance better soft tissue integration, but it is difficult to obtain the uniform and controllable nano-structure.

Ultrasonic Signal Processing Method for Dynamic Burning Rate Measurement Based on Improved Wavelet Thresholding and Extreme Value Feature Fitting.

Ultrasonic measurement techniques are increasingly used to measure the burning rates of solid rocket fuel, but challenges arise due to noise and signal attenuation caused by the motor's multi-layered structure. This paper proposes an adaptive thresholding method combined with a wavelet threshold function for effective ultrasonic signal denoising. Additionally, an extreme value feature fitting algorithm is introduced for accurate echo signal localization, even in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions.

Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy vs Chemoimmunotherapy for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Importance: The association of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy (NCIT) vs chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) with tumor downstaging and survival in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear because of limited evidence.

Objective: To compare the associations of NCIT and NCRT with tumor regression and long-term survival in patients with locally advanced ESCC.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this comparative effectiveness research study, from January 2016 to March 2023, patients with locally advanced ESCC who underwent esophagectomy following NCRT or NCIT were identified from a prospective database of 8 high-volume esophageal surgery centers in China.

Partial pressure of oxygen control versus modified inflation-deflation method in identifying intersegmental plane during anatomical sublobectomy: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial.

Background: With increasing early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) diagnoses, sublobar resections including segmentectomy and wedge resection have become commonly used in clinical settings. The success of lung segment surgery hinges on the accurate identification of intersegmental planes (ISPs), which is typically achieved by the modified inflation-deflation method; however, this technique is associated with a prolonged duration for identifying ISP. The "partial pressure of oxygen control method" represents an optimization of the inflation-deflation technique, designed to facilitate rapid identification of ISP during surgical procedures.

Clinical outcomes and short-term survival of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy for resectable esophageal cancer: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Objective: The present retrospective cohort study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy for resectable esophageal cancer and report the preliminary short-term survival.

Methods: A multicenter, retrospective study was conducted concerning patients who received neoadjuvant PD-1 agents plus platinum-based chemotherapy between January 2019 and January 2022. The primary endpoint was the tumor pathologic complete response (pCR) rate.

DNMT3a promotes LUAD cell proliferation and metastasis by activating the HDAC7 signalling pathway.

Changes in DNA methylation patterns, in which DNA methyltransferases such as DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha (DNMT3a) play important roles, are closely related to the occurrence and development of tumours. However, the role and mechanism of DNMT3a in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effect of DNMT3a on LUAD cell proliferation and metastasis and explore the underlying molecular mechanism.

Learning curve for double micro-portal video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy.

Background: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy serves as a standard surgical approach for the management of resectable lung cancer. The double micro-portal VATS lobectomy technique, a viable surgical procedure, has gained widespread acceptance in clinical settings within our center. In this study, we present a retrospective analysis of our institutional experience with the double micro-portal VATS lobectomy, including an assessment of the learning curve.

Plant-based dietary patterns, genetic risk, proteome, and lung cancer risk: a large prospective cohort study.

Purpose: We aimed to examine the associations between plant-based dietary patterns, genetic risk, proteins, and lung cancer risk.

Methods: 189,541 participants of the UK Biobank were included. The Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic splines were performed to assess the associations between overall plant-based diet index(PDI), healthy PDI (hPDI), and unhealthy PDI (uPDI) and lung cancer risk.

The strategy to control the outbreak of an emerging respiratory infectious disease in a simulated Chinese megacity.

Objectives: The emergence of respiratory infectious diseases (ERID) poses a significant threat to global public health. However, effectively managing ERID outbreaks in large cities remains a challenge.

Methods: An age-structured Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Removed (SEIR) model was developed to predict the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in controlling ERID outbreaks.

Itaconate transporter SLC13A3 confers immunotherapy resistance via alkylation-mediated stabilization of PD-L1.

Itaconate is a metabolite catalyzed by cis-aconitate decarboxylase (ACOD1), which is mainly produced by activated macrophages and secreted into the extracellular environment to exert complex bioactivity. In the tumor microenvironment, itaconate is concentrated and induces an immunosuppressive response. However, whether itaconate can be taken up by tumor cells and its mechanism of action remain largely unclear.

An innovative and safe method to manage the inter-segmental plane using the "Inserted Multilateral Cutting Method" in pulmonary segmentectomy.

Background: Management of the intersegmental plane (ISP) remains a challenge in lung segmentectomy to minimize intra- or postoperative complications and damage to the lungs. The purpose of this study was to assess the novel method's clinical feasibility and safety for segmentectomy.

Methods: A total of 205 patients who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) segmentectomy from May 2018 to January 2020 were retrospectively reviewed.

Cross-Linked Polyamide-Integrated Argyrodite LiPSCl for All-Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries.

Lithium dendrite growth has become a significant barrier to realizing high-performance all-solid-state lithium metal batteries. Herein, an effective approach is presented to address this challenge through interphase engineering by using a cross-linked polyamide (negative electrostatic potential) that is chemically anchored to the surface of LiPSCl (positive electrostatic potential). This method improves contact between electrolyte particles and strategically modifies the local electronic structure at the grain boundary.

[Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Complex Tracheobronchial Surgery: A Series Case Reports and Systematic Review].

Airway management in complex tracheobronchial surgery (TBS) remains a challenge in thoracic surgery. The use of extracorporeal membrane pulmonary oxygenation (ECMO) in thoracic surgery is rather rare, except for lung transplantation. To report the safety and efficacy of ECMO in complex TBS, a total of 5 patients with tracheobronchial and bronchial reconstructive surgery supported by ECMO in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University from May 2019 to June 2024 were collected.