Mechanism of atrazine migration and diffusion control in soil by clay matrix composites.

The study investigates the mechanisms of atrazine (ATZ) migration control in cold-zone black soil subjected to freeze-thaw cycles (FC). Current remediation technologies face several challenges, including destabilization of soil structure due to freeze-thaw cycles, unknown environmental effects, insufficient long-term effectiveness, and a lack of multifunctional materials and methods to quantify the migration capacity of ATZ in cold climate zones. In this study, three major problems of soil structure optimization, competitive adsorption enhancement and quantification of migration patterns in FC environments were solved through the preparation of clay-based composites (Sep/BC) combined with soil column simulation tests and isothermal adsorption tests.

Improving Hydrogen Permeation Resistance in Ultrathin ZrO Coating via Y Dopant Tuning.

Ceramic coatings have recently found applications as efficient hydrogen permeation barriers (HPBs) in the development of hydrogen and nuclear energy. Finding a simple method to increase hydrogen permeation resistance is essential for HPB applications. Herein, we fabricated an ultrathin zirconia (ZrO) coating using a facile sol-gel technique and increased its hydrogen permeation resistance via yttrium (Y) dopant tuning.

Effects of ciprofol on hemodynamics and cerebral protection in patients undergoing meningioma resection.

Background: Meningiomas are common intracranial tumors. Surgery remains the primary therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ciprofol on hemodynamics and cerebral protection in patients undergoing meningioma resection.

[Ferroptosis: a potential new therapeutic target for myocardial injury induced by acute carbon monoxide poisoning].

Acute carbon monoxide poisoning (ACMP) is one of the most common gas poisonings in the emergency department, with tens of thousands of people seeking medical attention for carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning each year. The severity of poisoning is dependent upon environmental and human factors, with hypoxia and oxidative stress being important mechanisms of cardiac toxicity induced by CO. Myocardial involvement is common in moderate to severe ACMP, including myocardial injury, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, and sudden death, which are associated with a high risk of death.

Interleaved resistive micro-heater for switching phase-change materials integrated in silicon photonics.

Phase-change material (PCM)-based photonic devices provide non-volatile control over phase and amplitude. This can potentially transform large-scale photonic integrated circuits by enabling ultra-low power, highly reconfigurable, and compact photonic integrated circuits for applications such as photonic switching arrays, RF photonics, and optical information processing. Here, we demonstrate a new approach, to our knowledge, for the electrical switching of PCMs using an interleaved resistive micro-heater structure that provides an efficient switching mechanism by overcoming some of the limitations of existing micro-heater designs and can also potentially increase PCM lifetime by eliminating the electrical current flowing through the PCM.

Canadian considerations on updating the age of initiation for colorectal cancer screening in individuals at average risk.

The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC), defined as CRC occurring in individuals younger than 50 years, is increasing globally. Emerging evidence suggests that the incidence and prevalence of CRC in individuals aged 45-49 years approach those in individuals aged 50-59 years. To address this concerning trend, many health care systems and clinical specialist societies are advocating for lowering the age of initiation for CRC screening in individuals at average risk to 45 years.

Interlayer Confinement Strategy in Two-Dimensional Polyoxometalate-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks for Enhancing Proton Conduction.

Proton exchange membranes are crucial components in electrochemical energy devices. Nevertheless, the development of high-performance proton-conducting materials remains a considerable challenge, primarily due to the inherent difficulty in constructing dense and continuous hydrogen-bonding networks under ambient conditions. To overcome this limitation, the intentional incorporation of short hydrogen bonds has been applied as a critical design strategy and plays a critical role in enabling efficient proton transport.

Exploring absolute sustainability-informed water inequality indicators of Chinese city clusters.

Within a city cluster, central cities rely on imports of water-intensive products from hinterland cities to avoid exceeding domestic planetary boundaries (PB). Yet, the role of PB-informed virtual water trade in redistributing scarce freshwater resources among and within city clusters remains underexplored. This study addresses this gap by analysing city cluster-level PB-exceeded and PB-surplus water footprints of 313 Chinese cities.

Mechanisms of microbial inhibition of freeze-thaw hydraulic alternating erosion in cold black soil region: Reconstructing soil structure with indigenous bacteria.

Soil erosion is a primary driver of land degradation in global black soil regions. Soil microorganisms, as key drivers of ecosystems, have been applied in the field of soil and water conservation. However, current studies on microbial species and erosion types are relatively limited, and the mechanisms by which other soil microorganisms inhibit alternating erosion remain unclear.

Macrophage-derived oncostatin M repairs the lung epithelial barrier during inflammatory damage.

Tissue repair programs must function alongside antiviral immunity to restore the lung epithelial barrier following infection. We found that macrophage-derived oncostatin M (OSM) counteracted the pathological effects of type I interferon (IFN-I) during infection and damage in mice. At baseline, OSM-deficient mice exhibited altered alveolar type II (ATII) epithelial cell states.

Soil moisture and ecosystem vegetation health effects on drought severity.

Introduction: Droughts are expected to become more severe due to climate disturbances, posing a serious risk to ecosystems. Therefore, quantifying the drought severity and the resilience of soil moisture and vegetation greening is essential for studying whether the local ecosystem is approaching an alternative state that may be dangerous for agriculture.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the interactions among vegetation, soil moisture, and drought severity to identify the sensitivity of grid cells to drought under maximum cumulative water deficit critical thresholds and the influence of adaptation factors.

Attenuation of primate aging via systemic infusion of senescence-resistant mesenchymal progenitor cells.

Aging is characterized by progressive functional decline driven by stem cell exhaustion, chronic inflammation, and cellular senescence. Mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs), which play a central role in tissue repair, are particularly vulnerable to age-associated dysfunction. Lei et al.

Progress of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide, ranking among the highest in both incidence and mortality rates. Traditional Chinese medicine, with a history spanning thousands of years, has demonstrated unique efficacy and advantages in the prevention and treatment of CRC, playing a pivotal role at all levels of China's healthcare system. This article provides a comprehensive analysis and summary of traditional Chinese medicine's contributions to CRC prevention, antitumor therapy, palliative care for advanced tumors, perioperative rehabilitation, and postoperative functional recovery.

Discovery of a Novel Silybin Derivative for the Treatment of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis.

MASH has become the leading cause of liver disease worldwide, and the prevalence of MASH is steadily increasing. The development of new drugs for the treatment of MASH is urgent. Silybin has been used for decades in liver protection, but its insufficient antioxidant capacity and poor oral bioavailability have limited its clinical use.

Evidence for In-Plane Electrical Polarization in 3R-β'-InSe Thin Films Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy.

β-InSe has been identified as a potential ferroelectric. This work describes the growth of β-InSe via molecular beam epitaxy along with a description of its properties, including the search for switchable polarization in 3R-β'-InSe. The thin-film morphology, crystal structure, and phase maps of β-InSe on Si(111) and AlO(0001) were evaluated by atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy as a function of the atomic Se/In flux ratio and growth temperature.

Propofol versus sevoflurane anesthesia on postoperative sleep quality in older patients after major abdominal surgery: A randomized clinical trial.

Study Objective: Sleep disturbances are common in older patients following major surgery. Both propofol and sevoflurane are frequently used anesthetics. In this study, we compared the effect of propofol- versus sevoflurane-based anesthesia on postoperative sleep quality in this patient population.

Photoenhanced Field-Emission Nanoscale Air Channel Devices with High Temperature Tolerance for On-Chip Terahertz Generation.

Nanoscale air channel devices (NACDs), characterized by scattering-free ballistic electron transport in a quasi-vacuum channel, provide a transformative platform for vacuum electronics and nanoelectronics. However, enabling NACDs for high-frequency operation is still a great challenge due to the low field-emission current and high impedance. Herein, photoenhanced NACDs are demonstrated as high-temperature-resistant photomixers capable of generating coherent terahertz (THz) signals from 120 to 260 GHz, offering the successful experimental demonstration of NACDs operating beyond 100 GHz.

Interleukin 33 Promotes Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cell Dysfunction and Hepatic Fibrosis in Diabetic Mice.

Background: Interleukin 33 (IL33) drives liver fibrosis, and individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus are more likely advanced to liver fibrosis. However, the role of IL33 in diabetic liver fibrosis remains unclear, prompting our investigation.

Methods: We developed a diabetes model in wild-type, IL33-/-, and suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2-/-, IL33 receptor) mice.

The Immune Microenvironment: New Therapeutic Implications in Organ Fibrosis.

Fibrosis, characterized by abnormal deposition of structural proteins, is a major cause of tissue dysfunction in chronic diseases. The disease burden associated with progressive fibrosis is substantial, and currently approved drugs are unable to effectively reverse it. Immune cells are increasingly recognized as crucial regulators in the pathological process of fibrosis by releasing effector molecules, such as cytokines, chemokines, extracellular vesicles, metabolites, proteases, or intercellular contact.

Optical multi-beam steering and communication using integrated acousto-optics arrays.

Optical beam steering enables optical sensing, imaging, and long-range communication over free space. Despite the inherent speed of light, advanced applications increasingly require simultaneous steering of multiple, independently controlled beams, to enhance imaging throughput, boost communication bandwidth, and control qubit arrays for scalable quantum computing. However, precise multi-beam steering and control remain a significant challenge with current solid-state beam steering technologies, driving the need for integrated and scalable multi-beam steering solutions.

Metallic Glass Nanoparticles Synthesized via Flash Joule Heating.

Metallic glass (MG) nanoparticles have attracted intensive research interest for their promising mechanical and catalytic applications. However, current production methods lack the ability to precisely control phase, composition, and morphology, making it challenging to explicitly study their structure-property relationship. Here, we report a direct one-step synthesis of MG nanoparticles using flash Joule heating (FJH) that allows us to produce nanoparticles with desired phase, composition, and morphology.

Biomimetic Grooved Ribbon Aerogel Inspired by the Structure of Needles for Efficient Air Purification.

Air pollutants, such as particulate matter (PM) and ammonia (NH), generated by intensive animal farming pose considerable threats to human health, animal welfare, and ecological balance. Conventional materials are often ineffective at simultaneously removing multiple pollutants, maintaining a low pressure drop, and ensuring durability in heavily polluted environments. Inspired by the dust-retention properties of (PS) needles, this study developed a biomimetic grooved ribbon fiber using electrospinning technology.

Atomistic Simulation and Micro-Pillar Compression Studies on the Influence of Glass-Glass Interfaces on Plastic Deformation in Co-P Metallic Nano-Glasses.

The glass-glass interfaces (GGIs) play an important role during the plastic deformation of metallic nano-glasses (NGs) such as Sc-Fe NGs. In this work, Co-P nano-glasses are synthesized by pulse electrodeposition. Their mechanical properties are characterized by micro-pillar compression and compared to those obtained by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation.

A battery-free nanofluidic intracellular delivery patch for internal organs.

The targeted delivery of therapeutics to internal organs to, for example, promote healing or apoptosis holds promise in the treatment of numerous diseases. Currently, the prevailing delivery modality relies on the circulation; however, this modality has substantial efficiency, safety and/or controllability limitations. Here we report a battery-free, chipless, soft nanofluidic intracellular delivery (NanoFLUID) patch that provides enhanced and customized delivery of payloads in targeted internal organs.