Toward the DNA methylation haplotype map of 11 common solid cancers.

In heterogeneous tumors, adjacent CpG sites form methylation haplotype blocks (MHBs), genomic regions where methylation status reflects local epigenetic concordance. While MHBs have been implicated in gene dysregulation, their pan-cancer dynamics and clinical relevance remain unclear. We profiled 110 primary tumors across 11 common solid cancer types, identifying 81,567 MHBs.

Oxidative potential of atmospheric aerosols: Research progress on pollution characteristics and mechanism.

Aerosol oxidative potential (OP), as a key indicator characterizing its ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), is directly related to the health effects of particulate matter. After a systematic review of global studies, it was found that the sensitivity of major OP measurement assays to chemical components varies significantly, and the regional pollution characteristics show a sharp contrast, which is mainly driven by biomass combustion, industrial emissions, and secondary transformation, etc. The mechanism of OP generation is complex, involving transition metal catalysis, redox of organics, such as Humus-like substances (HULIS), the synergistic effect of metal-organic complexation, and endotoxin (LPS) stimulation of inflammatory response.

Applications of nanomaterials in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: current progress and perspectives.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common malignant tumor that affects the head and neck area. HNSCC typically has complex clinical symptoms and is detected at a late stage. Therefore, it is quite difficult to give patients the best possible care and treatment.

Assessing the robustness and generalizability of machine learning models for predicting selenium content in rice: a case study from the Pearl River Delta and Eastern Guangdong, China.

Crop selenium uptake, influenced by complex factors, has prompted extensive research to predict the Se content in crop grains, leading to the development of various prediction methods. However, the practical application of these models is limited by geographical constraints and variations in independent variables. This study selected two distinct regions in Guangdong Province, China: the Pearl River Delta (PRD), a Quaternary plain region, and Heyuan, a hilly region characterized by outcrops of clastic rocks.

Chloroinconazide inhibits Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci causing tobacco wildfire disease by directly destroying bacteria and inducing oxidative damage.

Tobacco wildfire disease, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci (P. syringae pv.

Unleash the dogs of death: metacaspase 5, microtubules, and hypersensitive response.

Vitis rupestris metacaspase 5, tethered to microtubules, drives grapevine. Hypersensitive response via calcium-dependent auto-processing, linking cytoskeletal dynamics to defence activation by elicitors. Metacaspase 5 is a key player for the hypersensitive response of grapevine against biotrophic pathogens and must be activated rapidly as to prevent colonisation.

Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Tetracycline Antibiotics by BiPO/g-CN: A Novel Heterojunction Nanocomposite with Nanorod/Stacked-like Nanosheets Structure.

The use of semiconductors for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants has garnered considerable attention as a promising solution to environmental challenges. Compared to TiO, BiPO exhibits superior photocatalytic activity. However, its large band gap restricts its light absorption to the UV region.

EndoUSScan: Keyframe detection in transvaginal ultrasound imaging for measuring endometrial thickness.

Background: Accurate measurement of endometrial thickness (ET) using transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) imaging is essential for diagnosing various gynecological conditions. However, manual ET measurement remains challenging, especially for junior physicians, due to variability in image quality and patient characteristics.

Methods: A prospective observational study was performed using a dataset of 976 uterine ultrasound videos (82,063 images) measured in 2014-2019 in Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.

Survival guided adaptive clustering enhances mortality risk stratification and radiotherapy guidance in early stage uterine sarcoma.

Uterine sarcomas are rare and aggressive tumors with heterogeneous outcomes, making accurate risk stratification crucial for personalized treatment. This study introduced a novel semi-supervised clustering approach, survival-guided adaptive Kmeans (SGAKmeans), for enhanced mortality risk stratification in early-stage uterine sarcoma patients. SGAKmeans uniquely integrated clinical characteristics and survival information, leveraging domain knowledge and soft pairwise constraints to adaptively adjust distance calculations.

A deep learning-based computer-aided diagnosis system for detecting atypical endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer through hysteroscopy.

Timely diagnosis of endometrial cancer (EC) and atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) is crucial, yet traditional hysteroscopy faces accuracy challenges. This study introduces ECCADx, a deep learning-based computer-aided diagnosis system utilizing contrastive learning for hysteroscopic identification of AEH and EC. This is the system to integrate contrastive learning for this specific differentiation.

Global, regional, and national burden of interstitial lung diseases and pulmonary sarcoidosis from 2000 to 2021: a systematic analysis of incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years.

Objectives: Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) and pulmonary sarcoidosis represent a group of disorders characterized by diffuse parenchymal lung damage and chronic inflammation, leading to impaired lung function and gas exchange. These conditions may ultimately result in progressive respiratory failure and increased mortality. This study aimed to assess the global, regional, and national burden of ILDs and pulmonary sarcoidosis.

Abnormal Gut Microbiota is Associated with Depressive-like Behavior in the Rat Model of Autoimmune Prostatitis.

Many patients with chronic prostatitis (CP)/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) also experience depression, although the pathogenesis was unclear. Some studies have shown that gut microbiota disorder might be related to both prostatitis and depression. Therefore, we investigated the alteration of the gut microbiota in autoimmune CP/CPPS complicated with depression in a rat model.

High-permeability cellulose nanocrystals mediate systemic zinc redistribution through nsLTP2-dependent immune potentiation in plants.

Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient that regulates plant growth, immunity and antiviral defence mechanisms. However, its limited bioavailability often necessitates excessive application, resulting in inefficiencies in production and environmental stress. In response, we propose an environmentally friendly and sustainable approach to enhance the utilization of Zn.

Exploring the impact of platform leadership on employee innovative behavior: a sequential explanatory mixed method.

This study uses the Ability-Motivation-Opportunity framework to explore the influence mechanism of platform leadership on employees' innovation behavior. This study examines organizational learning, knowledge sharing, coworker support, and psychological empowerment as mediating variables, employee innovation behavior as the dependent variable. This study constructs a multi-mediated model to analyze the impact of platform leadership on employee innovative behavior, which includes 13 hypotheses.

Ethical framework for responsible foundational models in medical imaging.

The emergence of foundational models represents a paradigm shift in medical imaging, offering extraordinary capabilities in disease detection, diagnosis, and treatment planning. These large-scale artificial intelligence systems, trained on extensive multimodal and multi-center datasets, demonstrate remarkable versatility across diverse medical applications. However, their integration into clinical practice presents complex ethical challenges that extend beyond technical performance metrics.

A protein-based classifier for differentiating follicular thyroid adenoma and carcinoma.

Differentiating follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA) from carcinoma (FTC) remains challenging due to similar histological features separate from invasion. This study developed and validated DNA- and/or protein-based classifiers. A total of 2443 thyroid samples from 1568 patients were obtained from 24 centers in China and Singapore.

Photoaged polystyrene nanoplastics induce perturbation of glucose metabolism in HepG2 cells via oxidative stress.

Micro- & nano-plastics (MNPs) have been considered an emerging persistent pollutant in the environment. Most of the works focus on the potential toxicity of pristine, rather than photoaged, MNPs, let alone the underlying mechanisms of toxicity. To address this gap, we exposed human liver cancer cells (HepG2) to polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) with varying degrees of photodegradation, including pristine PS-NPs and photoaged PS-NPs irradiated with UV for 8 days (short-term) and 32 days (long-term).

Single-cell transcriptomes reveal spatiotemporal heat stress response in pearl millet leaves.

With the intensification of global warming, there is an urgent need to develop crops with enhanced heat tolerance. Pearl millet, as a typical C4 heat-tolerant crop, has mechanisms of heat tolerance at the cellular level which remain unclear. Constructed single-cell transcriptomic landscape of pearl millet leaves under heat stress and normal conditions, comprising 20 589 high-quality cells classified into five cell types.

RGD peptide/dextran sulfate-based nanocarriers loaded with triptolide for double-targeted apoptosis of both tumor cells and M2-like TAMs in pancreatic cancer therapy.

Triptolide (TP) is a promising anti-tumor candidate derived from the herb Tripterygium wilfordii, but its poor water solubility and multi-organ toxicity limit its application. Here, we developed novel nanoparticles (TP-SP@NPs) modified with dextran sulfate and RGD peptide for double-targeted delivery of TP to both tumor cells and pro-tumor macrophages in pancreatic cancer treatment. TP-SP@NPs exhibited suitable particle size (about 98 nm), good stability and controlled release performance.

Measurements of molecular size and shape on a chip.

Size and shape are critical discriminators between molecular species and states. We describe a microchip-based high-throughput imaging approach offering rapid and precise determination of molecular properties under native solution conditions. Our method detects differences in molecular weight across at least three orders of magnitude and down to two carbon atoms in small molecules.

Rutaecarpine Attenuates Monosodium Urate Crystal-Induced Gouty Inflammation via Inhibition of TNFR-MAPK/NF-κB and NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling Pathways.

Objective: To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of rutaecarpine (RUT) on monosodium urate crystal (MSU)-induced murine peritonitis in mice and further explored the underlying mechanism of RUT in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/MSU-induced gout model in vitro.

Methods: In MSU-induced mice, 36 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 6 groups of 8 mice each group, including the control group, model group, RUT low-, medium-, and high-doses groups, and prednisone acetate group. The mice in each group were orally administered the corresponding drugs or vehicle once a day for 7 consecutive days.

Identification, evolution, functional characterization and expression pattern of a fatty acyl desaturase (fads1) gene in Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis).

Fatty acyl desaturases (Fads) are known to play critical roles in the biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) in fish species. To date, research on Fads in fish has predominantly focused on Fads2, while studies on Fads1 have been rarely reported. Acipenseriformes, commonly known as Chondrostei, are an ancient fish lineage with unique evolutionary history.