Quercetin boosts gut microbiota-driven production of isovanillic acid to alleviate colitis via enhancing intestinal barrier function.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a severe inflammatory bowel disease marked by intestinal inflammation, compromised barrier function, and gut microbiota imbalance, with a restricted range of therapeutic options currently available. Quercetin, a flavonoid extracted from fruits and vegetables, have been shown significant anti-inflammatory and microbiota-modulating effects. However, the interactions between gut microbes and quercetin in colitis remain insufficiently elucidated.

On-chip near-infrared gas sensing based on slow light mode multiplexing in photonic crystal waveguides.

Photonic crystal slow light waveguides present a breakthrough in the manipulation of optical signals and enhancing the interaction between light and matter. In particular, two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal waveguides (PCWs) on silicon photonic chips hold promise in improving the sensitivity of on-chip gas sensors. However, the development of the gas sensors based on 2D PCWs suffers from a high propagation loss and a narrow slow light bandwidth.

Determining the Dipole Orientation of Second Harmonic Generation in 3R-MoS for Enhanced Nonlinear Susceptibility.

As an efficient two-dimensional nonlinear optical crystal, 3R-MoS exhibits intrinsic bulk second-order nonlinearity with substantial second harmonic generation (SHG) due to the interfacial charge transfer induced interlayer dipole and intralayer intrinsic asymmetric dipole. However, how these dipoles determine the SHG emission dipole orientation and intensity in 3R-MoS has not been clearly resolved. Here, we accurately determine the coexistence of in-plane and out-of-plane SHG emission dipoles in few-layer 3R-MoS through radial-/azimuthal-polarization excitation SHG measurements and back focal plane (BFP) imaging combined with numerical simulations, where the SHG emission dipole orientation () in real space for 3L, 4L, 5L, and 6L 3R-MoS is determined to be ∼8°, ∼16°, ∼20°, and ∼32°, respectively.

Serum Vitamin D Levels and Its Relationship With Keloid, Acne or Hypertrophic Scar: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background: Previous studies reported that patients with keloid, acne, or hypertrophic scar (HS) had lower serum vitamin D levels compared to healthy controls. Whereas, these works failed to verify their causal relationships. Hence, we performed a Mendelian randomization (MR) aimed to investigate the causal relationship between vitamin D and keloid, acne, or HS.

Depression and health outcomes: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies.

Background: Currently, most studies of depression are limited to a single disease endpoint.

Aims: This study aimed to conduct an umbrella review to comprehensively assess the association between depression and health outcomes.

Method: Until December 17, 2024, we conducted a systematic search of systematic reviews and meta-analyses in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science.

Methylation status of PAX1 and SF-1: implications for diagnosis and prognosis in endometrial cancer.

Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is a common malignancy of the female reproductive system, often diagnosed at advanced stages due to the lack of reliable early biomarkers. Gene methylation has emerged as a key epigenetic mechanism in cancer development, offering potential for early detection and prognostic evaluation. This study aimed to explore the methylation status of Paired Box Gene 1 (PAX1) and Steroidogenic Factor 1 (SF-1) as potential biomarkers for EC diagnosis and prognosis.

Green Extraction of Tea Polysaccharides Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvents and an Analysis of Their Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties.

In this study, the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of deep eutectic solvents (UADES) for tea polysaccharides was optimized, and their physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities were analyzed. The optimal DES comprised choline chloride (CC) and ethylene glycol (EG) in a molar ratio of 1:3, with a water content of 40%. The optimized condition was an extraction temperature of 61 °C, an ultrasonic power of 480 W, and an extraction time of 60 min.

Demodulation algorithm for temperature and pressure sensing in side-hole fiber Bragg gratings using a CNN-LSTM network.

The birefringent properties of side-hole fiber Bragg grating(SHFBG) provide an effective solution for the simultaneous measurement of temperature and pressure in confined spaces, such as those encountered in the petroleum and aviation industries. Nevertheless, the combined effects of external pressure and temperature result in the separation and overlap of the reflection spectrum of SHFBG in different polarization directions, posing significant challenges for accurate demodulation using traditional algorithms. In response, we propose a deep learning model based on a CNN-LSTM architecture, specifically crafted to tackle the challenges of high-precision temperature and pressure demodulation in SHFBG.

Hotspots and trends of perianal fistula of Crohn's disease: A bibliometric analysis.

Background: Perianal fistula is a frequent and severe complication of Crohn disease (CD). With the rising incidence of perianal fistulas in CD (pfCD), research activity in this field has grown substantially. Although several reviews have addressed CD and pfCD, comprehensive analyses summarizing research trends and hotspots in pfCD remain limited.

The protein homeostasis of SPATULA coordinates seed thermoinhibition response in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Supraoptimal temperature (SOT) suppresses the completion of seed germination (termed thermoinhibition) to ensure seedling establishment under favorable environmental conditions. SOMNUS (SOM) plays a crucial role in suppressing seed germination completion under SOT, although the underlying regulatory mechanism governing this process remains elusive. In this study, we identified that a bHLH transcription factor SPATULA (SPT) directly binds to the promoter region of SOM, thereby activating its expression.

Ultra-early detection of S100B biomarkers using a nanophotonic biosensor with deep learning quantification: A clinical model based on EDAS patients.

Background: Ultra-early detection of brain injury biomarkers within the critical first hour post-injury remains a major clinical challenge in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) management. Conventional platforms (e.g.

Low Cholinesterase Is a Potential Poor Prognostic Factor in Colorectal Cancer Presenting With Tumor Markers Negative.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant tumor in the world and has the second highest mortality rate. Tumor markers are proteins used to diagnose and monitor cancer. Serum cholinesterase (CHE) is a nutritional indicator indicating the liver''s ability to synthesize proteins and is a predictor of CRC.

APG-115 Induces SLC7A11-Mediated Ferroptosis and Upregulates PD-L1 Expression in Thyroid Cancer.

The murine double minute 2 (MDM2)-p53 interaction inhibitor APG-115 demonstrates therapeutic potential in advanced malignancies. However, its molecular mechanism, especially for programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunotherapy modulation, remains poorly understood in thyroid cancer (TC). Herein, we conducted a series of in vitro and in vivo studies to investigate the therapeutic effect of APG-115 and the underlying molecular mechanisms in TC.

The value of prealbumin in predicting post hepatectomy liver failure for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing major hepatectomy.

Post hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) poses a significant threat to the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), particularly those undergoing major hepatectomy. The present research endeavors to clarify the influence of prealbumin on the development of PHLF in HCC patients who have undergone major hepatectomy. Patients with HCC who have undergone major hepatectomy were included.

The artificial intelligence technology for immersion experience and space design in museum exhibition.

This study proposes an optimization model for museum exhibition space design based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology, aimed at enhancing the flow and interactivity of museum visits. The model integrates reinforcement learning, computer vision (CV), and affective computing to optimize spatial layout and interactive design, thereby improving both visit efficiency and audience experience. Experimental results show that the optimized layout increases spatial fluency by 18.

Luteolin Regulates Mitophagy to Alleviate Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Sirt3/Foxo3a Pathway.

Luteolin (LUT) belongs to a kind of flavonoid, which has protective effects on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Sirt3 is located in mitochondria and interacts with Foxo3a to protect mitochondrial function against stress. Mitophagy is an important form of mitochondrial quality control.

Ganoderma lucidum spore oil alleviates psychological stress-evoked tumor progression by enhancing FcγR-mediated macrophage phagocytosis.

Background: Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum), has been documented as a medicinal herb in classical texts and officially recognized in both Eastern and Western pharmacopeias. G.

Psychological stress-activated NR3C1/NUPR1 axis promotes ovarian tumor metastasis.

Ovarian tumor (OT) is the most lethal form of gynecologic malignancy, with minimal improvements in patient outcomes over the past several decades. Metastasis is the leading cause of ovarian cancer-related deaths, yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Psychological stress is known to activate the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1), a factor associated with poor prognosis in OT patients.

Validation of Taylor's Frozen Hypothesis for DAS-Based Flow.

Accurate measurement of pipeline flow is of great significance for industrial and environmental monitoring. Traditional intrusive methods have the disadvantages of high cost and damage to pipeline structure, while non-intrusive techniques can circumvent such issues. Although Taylor's frozen hypothesis has a theoretical advantage in non-intrusive velocity detection, current research focuses on planar flow fields, and its applicability in turbulent circular pipes remains controversial.

Perioperative administration of CBM588 in colorectal cancer radical surgery: A single-center, randomized controlled trial.

Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588 (CBM588) has been used to treat gastrointestinal disorders and recently found to enhance efficacy of checkpoint inhibitor in solid tumors. However, limited studies spotlight the role of CBM588 in perioperative management of colorectal cancer (CRC) radical surgery. Here, we report a phase 4, open-label, randomized controlled trial (ChiCTR2000033883) to assess the safety and short-term efficacy of CBM588 as a perioperative, adjunctive therapy.

Sex disparity in hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after curative liver resection: a multicenter comprehensive analysis.

Background And Aims: The impact of sex disparity on the patterns of recurrence after curative resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains controversial. The aim of this study was to comprehensively investigate the influence of sex differences in HCC recurrence following curative hepatectomy.

Methods: Patients who underwent curative-intent resection for HCC between July 2015 and June 2020 were identified from a multicenter database and analyzed retrospectively.

Interoceptive regulation of bone homeostasis: The interplay between the nervous and skeletal systems in pathophysiology.

Studies have demonstrated that the nervous system can perceive and respond to signaling from bone tissue, a process termed interoception, which plays a crucial role in the homeostasis of bone tissue. Sensory nerves extensively innervate bone tissue and transmit interoceptive signals to the central nervous system (CNS). The hypothalamus, located within the CNS, is instrumental in processing these interoceptive signals and regulating bone homeostasis through the autonomic nervous system, the release of neuropeptides, and neuroendocrine mechanisms.

Patterns in genomic mutations among patients with early-onset colorectal cancer: an international, multicohort, observational study.

Background: The increasing incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (age <50 years; EOCRC) shows a dramatic growing trend globally, while late-onset colorectal cancer (LOCRC) is gradually decreasing. We aimed to characterise the distinct mutational landscape of EOCRC in an effort to inform age-specific clinical management.

Methods: In this observational study, we analysed whole-exome sequencing and clinical-grade targeted sequencing data from seven cohorts (the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center [MSKCC] cohort [the USA], the Leiden University Medical Center cohort [the Netherlands], the Nigerian African Research Group for Oncology [ARGO] cohort [Nigeria], the Genomics Evidence Neoplasia Information Exchange [GENIE] Project [Canada, France, Spain, and the USA], the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) cohort [China], the Asan Medical Center cohort [South Korea], and the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center-Colorectal Cancer [FUSCC-CRC] cohort [China]) across Canada, China, France, Nigeria, South Korea, Spain, the Netherlands, and the USA.

The effects of anterior spaces on the intrusion of mandibular incisors with clear aligners in extraction cases: a finite-element analysis.

Background: The intrusion of mandibular incisors presents significant challenges for orthodontists utilizing clear aligner therapy, primarily due to issues such as reduced accuracy in achieving intrusion and unexpected tipping movements. This study aims to investigate the biomechanical effects of varying anterior tooth spaces on the intrusion of mandibular incisors in extraction cases, offering insights that may enhance treatment outcomes.

Methods: A finite element model was created, encompassing the mandibular dentition (excluding first premolars), mandible, periodontal ligaments, and clear aligners.

The role of SUMOylation in epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Tumor metastasis remains a leading cause of mortality in cancer patients. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is pivotal for the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells, facilitating the transformation from epithelial to mesenchymal phenotypes and thereby altering cellular morphology and function. SUMOylation, a critical post-translational modification, orchestrates a myriad of cellular physiological responses by binding to lysine residues on target substrates.