Vaccarin ameliorates osteoarthritis by suppressing the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-serum amyloid A2 (SAA2) pathway mediating chondrocyte senescence.

Background: Osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative joint disease marked by chondrocyte senescence and extracellular matrix degradation. Vaccarin, a flavonoid with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, has not been previously investigated for its therapeutic potential in osteoarthritis.

Purpose: To evaluate the therapeutic potential of Vaccarin in osteoarthritis and elucidate its underlying mechanisms.

Integrated bioinformatics analysis to develop diagnostic models for malignant transformation of chronic proliferative diseases.

The combined analysis of dual diseases can provide new insights into pathogenic mechanisms, identify novel biomarkers, and develop targeted therapeutic strategies. Polycythemia vera (PV) is a chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm associated with a risk of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) transformation. However, the chronic nature of disease transformation complicates longitudinal high-throughput sequencing studies of patients with PV before and after AML transformation.

Injectable Polydopamine Nanoparticle-Incorporated Hydrogels for Antiangiogenesis and Stimulating Tumoricidal Immunity to Inhibit Metastasis and Recurrence Postresection.

Surgical resection is still the main means for clinical treatments of breast cancer, but the postoperative immunosuppressive microenvironment and neoangiogenesis of the residual tumors easily lead to tumor metastasis and recurrence, which will further endanger patients' lives. The combination of antiangiogenic therapy and immunotherapy may promote the mutually reinforced cycle of immune reprogramming and vascular normalization to avoid tumor metastasis and recurrence. Herein, we prepared polydopamine nanoparticles for improving tissue adhesion and enriching tumor-associated antigens.

Nitrogen isotopic characteristics of aerosol ammonium in a Chinese megacity indicate the reduction from vehicle emissions during the lockdown period.

The role of agricultural versus vehicle emissions in urban atmospheric ammonia (NH) remains unclear. The lockdown due to the outbreak of COVID-19 provided an opportunity to assess the role of source emissions on urban NH. Concentrations and δN of aerosol ammonium (NH) were measured before (autumn in 2017) and during the lockdown (summer, autumn, and winter in 2020), and source contributions were quantified using SIAR.

Biomimetic Responsive Nanoconverters with Immune Checkpoint Blockade Plus Antiangiogenesis for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment.

The first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) combines immune checkpoint inhibitors and antiangiogenesis agents to prolong patient survival. Nonetheless, this approach has several limitations, including stringent inclusion criteria and suboptimal response rates that stem from the severe off-tumor side effects and the unfavorable pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of different drugs delivered systemically. Herein, we propose a single-agent smart nanomedicine-based approach that mimics the therapeutic schedule in a targeted and biocompatible manner to elicit robust antitumor immunity in advanced HCC.

Arthritis caused by infection: A case report.

Cryptococcal infections are uncommon in individuals with normal immune functions. These infections commonly affect the lungs and central nervous system; however, there are a few reports of infection in the bone and joint areas. The current study reported a case of knee joint infection caused by in China.

Application an internet facilitation in a community-based cervical cancer screening project.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of an internet-facilitated community model for cervical cancer screening using self-collected HPV testing as primary screening.

Method: A population-based cervical cancer screening program was conducted in the suburb of Shenzhen, China, from September 2014 to July 2017. Women with 25-60 years of age and no pregnancy were eligible for participation.

Beneficial effect of GABA-rich fermented milk whey on nervous system and intestinal microenvironment of aging mice induced by D-galactose.

This study aims to investigate the protective effect of a freeze-dried powder prepared from a fermentation milk whey containing a high-yield GABA strain (FDH-GABA) against D-galactose-induced brain injury and gut microbiota imbalances in mice by probing changes to the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. A prematurely aged mouse model was established by performing the subcutaneous injection of D-galactose. Subsequently, the effects of FDH-GABA on the nervous system and intestinal microenvironment of the mice were explored by measuring their antioxidant activities, anti-inflammatory state, autophagy, pathway-related target protein expression levels, and intestinal microorganisms.

SARS-CoV-2 infection induces testicular injury in Rhesus macaque.

• The infection of SARS-CoV-2 lead to varying degrees of testicular pathological damage. • The NP antigen of SARS-CoV-2 was not found in male reproductive system of rhesus macaque. • Infection-associated inflammatory insult and sex hormone fluctuations may account for the testicular pathophysiology.

Self-assembled traditional Chinese nanomedicine modulating tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment for colorectal cancer immunotherapy.

Colorectal cancer (CRC), mostly categorized as a low immunogenic microsatellite-stable phenotype bearing complex immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), is highly resistant to immunotherapy. Seeking safe and efficient alternatives aimed at modulating tumor immunosuppressive TME to improve outcome of CRC is highly anticipated yet remains challenging. Enlightened from the drug complementary art in traditional Chinese medicine, we designed a self-assembled nanomedicine (termed LNT-UA) by the natural active ingredients of ursolic acid (UA) and lentinan (LNT) through a simple nano-precipitation method, without any extra carriers, for CRC immunotherapy.

Single-Cell Landscape of Lungs Reveals Key Role of Neutrophil-Mediated Immunopathology during Lethal SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Due to the limitation of human studies with respect to individual difference or the accessibility of fresh tissue samples, how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection results in pathological complications in lung, the main site of infection, is still incompletely understood. Therefore, physiologically relevant animal models under realistic SARS-CoV-2 infection conditions would be helpful to our understanding of dysregulated inflammation response in lung in the context of targeted therapeutics. Here, we characterized the single-cell landscape in lung and spleen upon SARS-CoV-2 infection in an acute severe disease mouse model that replicates human symptoms, including severe lung pathology and lymphopenia.

ACE2-independent infection of T lymphocytes by SARS-CoV-2.

SARS-CoV-2 induced marked lymphopenia in severe patients with COVID-19. However, whether lymphocytes are targets of viral infection is yet to be determined, although SARS-CoV-2 RNA or antigen has been identified in T cells from patients. Here, we confirmed that SARS-CoV-2 viral antigen could be detected in patient peripheral blood cells (PBCs) or postmortem lung T cells, and the infectious virus could also be detected from viral antigen-positive PBCs.

SARS-CoV-2 Membrane Glycoprotein M Triggers Apoptosis With the Assistance of Nucleocapsid Protein N in Cells.

The pandemic of COVID-19 by SARS-CoV-2 has become a global disaster. However, we still don't know how specific SARS-CoV-2-encoded proteins contribute to viral pathogenicity. We found that SARS-CoV-2-encoded membrane glycoprotein M could induce caspase-dependent apoptosis interacting with PDK1 and inhibiting the activation of PDK1-PKB/Akt signaling.

A human antibody of potent efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques showed strong blocking activity to B.1.351.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), interacts with the host cell receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) via its spike 1 protein during infection. After the virus sequence was published, we identified two potent antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) from antibody libraries using a phage-to-yeast (PtY) display platform in only 10 days. Our lead antibody JMB2002, now in a Phase 1 clinical trial (ChiCTR2100042150), showed broad-spectrum blocking activity against hACE2 binding to the RBD of multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants, including B.

A SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody with extensive Spike binding coverage and modified for optimal therapeutic outcomes.

COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 constitutes a global public health crisis with enormous economic consequences. Monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 can provide an important treatment option to fight COVID-19, especially for the most vulnerable populations. In this work, potent antibodies binding to SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein were identified from COVID-19 convalescent patients.

Protective Efficacy of Inactivated Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Mice and Non-Human Primates.

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused more than 96 million infections and over 2 million deaths worldwide so far. However, there is no approved vaccine available for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the disease causative agent. Vaccine is the most effective approach to eradicate a pathogen.

Characterization of neutralizing antibody with prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus monkeys.

Efficacious interventions are urgently needed for the treatment of COVID-19. Here, we report a monoclonal antibody (mAb), MW05, with SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing activity by disrupting the interaction of receptor binding domain (RBD) with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Crosslinking of Fc with FcγRIIB mediates antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) activity by MW05.

Infection with novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causes pneumonia in Rhesus macaques.

The 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak is a major challenge for public health. SARS-CoV-2 infection in human has a broad clinical spectrum ranging from mild to severe cases, with a mortality rate of ~6.4% worldwide (based on World Health Organization daily situation report).

Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 in Transgenic Mice Expressing Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2.

COVID-19 has spread worldwide since 2019 and is now a severe threat to public health. We previously identified the causative agent as a novel SARS-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that uses human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) as the entry receptor. Here, we successfully developed a SARS-CoV-2 hACE2 transgenic mouse (HFH4-hACE2 in C3B6 mice) infection model.

Correction: Vehicle-saving theranostic probes based on hydrophobic iron oxide nanoclusters using doxorubicin as a phase transfer agent for MRI and chemotherapy.

Correction for 'Vehicle-saving theranostic probes based on hydrophobic iron oxide nanoclusters using doxorubicin as a phase transfer agent for MRI and chemotherapy' by Yanbing Cao et al., Chem. Commun.

Vehicle-saving theranostic probes based on hydrophobic iron oxide nanoclusters using doxorubicin as a phase transfer agent for MRI and chemotherapy.

A simple approach for constructing theranostic nanobeads is developed by using doxorubicin as a phase transfer agent to solubilize small iron oxide nanoclusters. The nanobeads can be specifically internalized into cancer cells with the guidance of an external magnetic field, resulting in good MRI and chemotherapy.

Reduction of the histamine content and immunoreactivity of parvalbumin in Decapterus maruadsi by a Maillard reaction combined with pressure treatment.

The aim of this study was to develop an effective method for decreasing the content of histamine and the immunoreactivity of parvalbumin in Decapterus maruadsi. As demonstrated by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography, no effect on histamine content was found when fish were treated by boiling (100 °C), ultrasonication, ultraviolet irradiation, pressure treatment (121 °C, 0.12 MPa).

Immunological characteristics of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and the therapeutic effects of their transplantion on hyperglycemia in diabetic rats.

Islet transplantation involves the transplantation of pancreatic islets from the pancreas of a donor to another individual. It has proven to be an effective method for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. However, islet transplantation is hampered by immune rejection, as well as the shortage of donor islets.