Intestinal taurine acts as a novel immunometabolic modulator of IBD by degrading redundant mitochondrial RNA.

Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is hampered by issues of nonresponse and resistance, highlighting the urgent need for alternative or complementary treatments. Our study revealed significant upregulation of taurine in the intestinal tissues of IBD patients, which was inversely related to the severity of the disease. A key discovery was that TNF directly induced taurine synthesis in intestinal epithelial cells and increased the production of angiogenin, a nuclease that degrades mitochondrial RNA, which is known to amplify inflammatory responses.

Tracking mitigation and expression patterns of the antibiotic resistome during full-scale livestock wastewater treatment: Comparison between summer and winter conditions.

Livestock wastewater is a critical reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) that poses significant public health risks. This study comprehensively evaluated the seasonal dynamics and associated risks of ARGs in a full-scale livestock wastewater treatment plant using an integrated metagenomic and metatranscriptomic approach. The results showed that untreated livestock wastewater harbored high abundance (4.

Enrichment and Kinetic Profiling of Nitrospira nitrosa Culture Reveal Mechanisms Underlying Its Prevalence in Wastewater Treatment Systems.

The discovery of comammox bacteria has revolutionized our understanding of nitrification, challenging the conventional paradigm that this process is mediated by two distinct microbial groups. Although comammox bacteria, particularly Nitrospira nitrosa, are prevalent with significant activities in wastewater treatment systems, their physiological and biochemical properties, particularly growth substrates-based kinetics, are yet to be fully disclosed. To this end, we first attempted to enrich N.

A nomogram to predict cancer-specific survival of ocular melanoma.

Objective: To develop a nomogram that accurately predicts cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with ocular melanoma (OM).

Methods: Patient data for individuals diagnosed with OM between 2004 and 2015 were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The patients were then randomly divided into a training group and a validation group.

3' untranslated region somatic variants connect alternative polyadenylation dysregulation in human cancers.

Somatic variants in the cancer genome influence gene expression through diverse mechanisms depending on their specific locations. However, a systematic evaluation of the effects of somatic variants located in 3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs) on alternative polyadenylation (APA) of mRNA remains lacking. In this study, we analyze 10,199 tumor samples across 32 cancer types and identify 1333 somatic single nucleotide variants (SNVs) associated with abnormal 3' UTR APA.

Large-Scale AI-Based Structure and Activity Prediction Analysis of ShK Domain Peptides from Sea Anemones in the South China Sea.

Sea anemone peptides represent a valuable class of biomolecules in the marine toxin library due to their various structures and functions. Among these, ShK domain peptides are particularly notable for their selective inhibition of the Kv1.3 channel, holding great potential for applications in immune regulation and the treatment of metabolic disorders.

Ethnic differences in metabolic and histologic features among White, Hispanic, Black and Asian patients with metabolic-associated Steatotic liver disease: A network meta-analysis.

Introduction And Objectives: Current evidence on the impact of ethnic disparities on metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is limited to individual studies with small sample sizes from specific regions. This network meta-analysis aimed to assess variations in metabolism and histological characteristics of MASLD among four ethnicities.

Materials And Methods: Observational studies on MASLD involving at least two ethnic groups (White, Black, Asian, and Hispanic) were identified from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases up to May 7th, 2024, for inclusion in this study.

Comparative enrichment of complete ammonium oxidation bacteria in floccular sludge reactors: Sequencing batch reactor vs. continuous stirred tank reactor.

This study attempted to compare the enrichment of complete ammonium oxidation (comammox) bacteria, which are affiliated with and not able to generate nitrous oxide (NO, a potent greenhouse gas) through biological pathways, in two commonly-utilized configurations of floccular sludge reactors, i.e., sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), under the ammonium condition of mainstream wastewater (i.

pH-Regulated catechol-modified sodium alginate hydrogel with anti-freezing and high toughness for wearable strain sensor.

Hydrogel-based flexible electronic devices have garnered significant attention due to their excellent mechanical properties, high electrical conductivity, and signal sensitivity. Nevertheless, internal water molecules crystallize inevitably at low temperatures, impairing the performance of hydrogels. Designing anti-freezing and tough hydrogels to meet long-term stability requirements is extremely challenging.

Revealing the Diversity of Sequences, Structures, and Targets of Peptides from South China Sea Based on Transcriptomics.

The South China Sea is rich in sea anemone resources, and the protein and peptide components from sea anemone toxins comprise an important treasure trove for researchers to search for leading compounds. This study conducted a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of the tentacles and column of and explored the distribution and diversity of proteins and peptides in depth using bioinformatics, initially constructing a putative protein and peptide database. In this database, typical peptide families are identified through amino acid sequence analysis, and their 3D structures and potential biological activities are revealed through AlphaFold2 modeling and molecular docking.

Pan-cancer transcriptome analysis reveals widespread regulation through alternative tandem transcription initiation.

Abnormal transcription initiation from alternative first exon has been reported to promote tumorigenesis. However, the prevalence and impact of gene expression regulation mediated by alternative tandem transcription initiation were mostly unknown in cancer. Here, we developed a robust computational method to analyze alternative tandem transcription start site (TSS) usage from standard RNA sequencing data.

Meta-analysis of high-power short-duration versus cryoballoon ablation for atrial fibrillation.

Background: The existing literature regarding the treatment strategy for high-power short-duration (HPSD) ablation in patients diagnosed with atrial fibrillation (AF) is currently insufficient. The objective of this study is to perform a comparative analysis evaluating the effectiveness, safety, and procedural efficiency of HPSD versus cryoballoon ablation (CBA) for AF.

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.

Competitive enrichment of comammox Nitrospira in floccular sludge.

The discovery of complete ammonium oxidation (comammox) has subverted the traditional perception of two-step nitrification, which plays a key role in achieving biological nitrogen removal from wastewater. Floccular sludge-based treatment technologies are being applied at the majority of wastewater treatment plants in service where detection of various abundances and activities of comammox bacteria have been reported. However, limited efforts have been made to enrich and subsequently characterize comammox bacteria in floccular sludge.

Homoharringtonine-Based Induction Regimen Improved the Remission Rate and Survival Rate in Chinese Childhood AML: A Report From the CCLG-AML 2015 Protocol Study.

Purpose: Homoharringtonine (HHT) is commonly used for the treatment of Chinese adult AML, and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has been verified in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). However, the efficacy and safety of HHT-based induction therapy have not been confirmed for childhood AML, and ATRA-based treatment has not been evaluated among patients with non-APL AML.

Patients And Methods: This open-label, multicenter, randomized Chinese Children's Leukemia Group-AML 2015 study was performed across 35 centers in China.

Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on antimicrobial resistance among major pathogens causing healthcare-associated infection.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused great impact on healthcare systems, including antibiotic usage and multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial infections at hospitals. We aim to investigate the trends of antimicrobial resistance among the major pathogens causing healthcare-associated infection (HAI) at intensive care units (ICU).

Material And Methods: The demographic characteristics of hospitalization, usage of antimicrobial agents, counted by half-an-year DID (defined daily dose per 1000 patient-days), and HAI density of five major MDR bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP), and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA), of ICU patients at a medical center in Taiwan during January 2017 to December 2021 were collected and analyzed.

Microbiome assembly mechanism and functional potential in enhanced biological phosphorus removal system enriched with Tetrasphaera-related polyphosphate accumulating organisms.

Tetrasphaera-related polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) are the key functional guilds for enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) systems. Their biomass enrichment can be enhanced by the nitrification inhibitor allylthiourea (ATU). However, the underlying assembly mechanism and the functional potential of the EBPR microbiome regulated by ATU are unclear.

Evaluation of different 16S rRNA gene hypervariable regions and reference databases for profiling engineered microbiota structure and functional guilds in a swine wastewater treatment plant.

High-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing technology is widely applied for environmental microbiota structure analysis to derive knowledge that informs microbiome-based surveillance and oriented bioengineering. However, it remains elusive how the selection of 16S rRNA gene hypervariable regions and reference databases affects microbiota diversity and structure profiling. This study systematically evaluated the fitness of different frequently used reference databases (i.

Automatic tube compensation for liberation from prolonged mechanical ventilation in tracheostomized patients: A retrospective analysis.

Background: To analyze the predictability of an automatic tube compensation (ATC) screening test compared with the conventional direct liberation test performed before continuous oxygen support for MV liberation.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed tracheostomized patients with prolonged MV in a weaning unit of a medical center in Taiwan. In March 2020, a four-day ATC test to screen patient eligibility for ventilator liberation was implemented, intended to replace the direct liberation test.

Monitoring the performance of a dedicated weaning unit using risk-adjusted control charts for the weaning rate in prolonged mechanical ventilation.

Background: Weaning rate is an important quality indicator of care for patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV). However, diverse clinical characteristics often affect the measured rate. A risk-adjusted control chart may be beneficial for assessing the quality of care.

Prevalence and Significance of Antinuclear Antibodies in Biopsy-Proven Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Aim: Associations between antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) and disease severity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remain unclear. This study aimed to provide reliable estimates of ANA prevalence in subjects with biopsy-proven NAFLD and to investigate whether its associations with liver disease severity were established.

Methods: Observational studies measuring ANA in NAFLD patients were derived from the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases from inception to March 30, 2022.

Small nucleolar RNA is potential as a novel player in leukemogenesis and clinical application.

Lack of clarity of the mechanisms that underlie leukemogenesis obstructs the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of leukemia. Research has found that small nuclear RNA (snoRNA) plays an essential role in leukemia. These small non-coding RNAs are involved in ribosome biogenesis, including the 2'-O-methylation and pseudouridylation of precursor ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA), and pre-rRNA splicing.

Adaptation and evolution of freshwater Anammox communities treating saline/brackish wastewater.

The most common way to apply Anammox for saline wastewater treatment is via salt adaptation of freshwater Anammox bacteria (FAB). To better apply this process in practice, it's essential to understand the salt adaptation process of FBA, as well as the underlying mechanisms. This study investigated the long-term salt adaptation process of a fixed-film FAB culture in three reactors (namely R1-R3), under salinities of 2, 8, and 12 NaCl g/L, correspondingly.

The complete chloroplast genome of , a common and widespread tree fern (Cyatheaceae).

is a common and widespread tree fern of Cyatheaceae. Its complete chloroplast genome is first assembled and reported with 155,724 bp in length, including a large single copy (LSC) region of 85,800 bp, a small single copy (SSC) region of 21,620 bp, and a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 24,152 bp. The genome has 133 genes, including 89 protein-coding genes, 33 tRNA genes, eight rRNA genes and three pseudogenes.

Arsenic Combined With All-Trans Retinoic Acid for Pediatric Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: Report From the CCLG-APL2016 Protocol Study.

Purpose: Arsenic combined with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is the standard of care for adult acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). However, the safety and effectiveness of this treatment in pediatric patients with APL have not been reported on the basis of larger sample sizes.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter trial at 38 hospitals in China.

Update and review of the gerodontology prospective for 2020's: Linking the interactions of oral (hypo)-functions to health vs. systemic diseases.

New lines of evidence suggest that the oral-systemic medical links and oral hypo-function are progressively transcending beyond the traditional clinical signs and symptoms of oral diseases. Research into the dysbiotic microbiome, host immune/inflammatory regulations and patho-physiologic changes and subsequent adaptations through the oral-systemic measures under ageism points to pathways leading to mastication deficiency, dysphagia, signature brain activities for (neuro)-cognition circuitries, dementia and certain cancers of the digestive system as well. Therefore, the coming era of oral health-linked systemic disorders will likely reshape the future of diagnostics in oral geriatrics, treatment modalities and professional therapies in clinical disciplines.