Benzofuran Derivatives with Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Activities from SCNU-F0046.

A chemical investigation on the marine-derived fungus SCNU-F0046 resulted in the isolation and characterization of four new benzofurans (, , , ) and four known analogues (, , , ). Their structures were elucidated by a combination of mass, NMR spectroscopy, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations and X-ray crystallographic analyses. The antimicrobial experiments disclosed compound exhibited moderate antibacterial activity, while compound showed antifungal activity.

Magneto-Electrochemical Deposition of Faceted Copper Microcrystals for Nitrate-to-Ammonia Electrocatalysis.

Electrochemical deposition is a facile and effective method for the in situ growth of metal electrocatalysts; however, it is difficult to optimize their morphology and performance due to the kinetics-controlled growth at high current density. Herein, we develop a new magneto-electrochemical deposition technique to prepare the faceted microcrystals of copper (Cu) catalysts for highly efficient electrocatalytic nitrate-to-ammonia conversion. The field generates a Lorentz force on the flow of Cu ions near the cathode surface, which retards the mass transport to predeposited Cu particles and increases the density of Cu nucleation sites due to the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) effect.

Bionic Nanogel Interfaces Unlock Long-Term Stability in Zn Metal Electrodeposition-Based Electrochromic Windows.

Aqueous zinc (Zn) metal electrodeposition-based electrochromic windows (AZWs) are a promising dynamic window technology due to their use of low-cost, nonflammable, nontoxic, and highly conductive aqueous electrolytes. However, their development is hindered by issues such as poor reversibility, byproduct formation, and hydrogen evolution, which limit the optical window and cycling lifespan. Herein, a bionic transparent nanogel interlayer (TGI) in triple-layer structure introduced on both Zn electrode and indium tin oxide (ITO) glass electrode is demonstrated to achieve highly reversible electrochemical reaction.

Decoding Compositional and Interfacial Stability of Rice Bran Oil Bodies from Lipidomic Signatures to Nanomechanical Membrane Characterization.

Rice bran oil bodies (OBs) represent underutilized natural carriers with unique compositional features. This study deciphered their interfacial stability mechanism through integrated lipidomics and nanomechanical characterization. Untargeted lipidomics identified 35 lipid subclasses, revealing triacylglyceride (65.

The impact of neighborhood cohesion and social isolation on the mental health of older adults: Mediating effects of subjective well-being.

Background: With the increasing prominence of population aging, research has focused on elderly psychological well-being. This study examines the effects of neighborhood cohesion and social isolation on older adults' mental health, with subjective well-being as a mediator.

Methods: A total of 633 valid responses were collected from individuals aged 60 and above in urban Sanya, Hainan, China, between August and December 2024.

Compact mode-insensitive variable optical attenuation enabled by inverse-designed mode manipulation devices.

The growing demand for data capacity in optical communication has heightened interest in mode-division multiplexing (MDM) technology, which provides high parallelism across spatial mode dimensions. Mode-insensitive variable optical attenuation is essential for advanced optical communication systems, ensuring consistent performance across multiple modes. However, current multimode variable attenuation devices are more complex in design and significantly larger than single-mode devices, limiting their integration potential.

Targeting AKR1B1 inhibits metabolic reprogramming to reverse systemic therapy resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, and resistance to systemic therapies remains a significant clinical challenge. This study investigated the mechanisms by which metabolic reprogramming contributes to systemic treatment resistance in HCC. We established HCC cell lines with multidrug resistance characteristics and observed enhanced metabolic activity in these cells.

Digital Therapeutics in Cardiovascular Healthcare: A Narrative Review.

The rapid development of digital therapeutics (DTx) presents opportunities for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) intervention. This review aims to summarize the technologies and applications of DTx in the field of cardiovascular healthcare. It seeks to identify how DTx can enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of cardiovascular healthcare RECENT FINDINGS: Given the absence of a universally accepted definition, this review categorizes DTx applications in CVD into three main areas with based on widely recognized DTx characteristics: extended reality (XR)-assisted therapeutics, digital pill systems (DPS), and evidence-based applications designed for smartphones or smartwatches.

Transition of BMI Status From Childhood to Adulthood and Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome in Midlife: A 36-Year Cohort Study.

Objective: We investigated the associations between BMI transitions from childhood to adulthood and cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome and its components in midlife.

Research Design And Methods: Using data from the Hanzhong Adolescent Hypertension Study, 1,997 participants aged 6-18 years were followed for 36 years into midlife (mean age 48.12 years).

Conditioned quantum-assisted deep generative surrogate for particle-binary vector indicating thecalorimeter interactions.

Particle collisions at accelerators like the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), recorded by experiments such as ATLAS and CMS, enable precise standard model measurements and searches for new phenomena. Simulating these collisions significantly influences experiment design and analysis but incurs immense computational costs, projected at millions of CPU-years annually during the high luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) phase. Currently, simulating a single event with Geant4 consumes around 1000 CPU seconds, with calorimeter simulations especially demanding.

Deciphering coulombic loss in lithium-ion batteries and beyond.

Lithium-ion batteries are pivotal for modern energy storage, yet accurately predicting their lifespan remains a critical challenge. While descriptors like coulombic efficiency are widely used to assess battery longevity, the unclear physical origins of coulombic losses cause semi-quantitative correlation with capacity, complicating battery development. Here, we combine high-precision leakage current and open-circuit-voltage measurements with charge conservation principles to explore microscopic charge consumptions at electrode-electrolyte interfaces across diverse chemistries.

Deterministic switching of antiferromagnetic spin textures by nonlinear magnons.

Antiferromagnetic spin textures, compared to their ferromagnetic counterparts, innately possess high stability with respect to external disturbance and high-frequency dynamics compatible with ultrafast information processing. However, deterministic creation and reconfigurable switching of different antiferromagnetic spin textures have not been realized. Here, we demonstrate room-temperature deterministic switching between three antiferromagnetic textures identified by characteristically different high frequency dynamics in single-crystal hematite (α-Fe2O3).

Advances in Fabric-Based Pneumatic Soft Actuators for Flexible Robotics: Design and Applications.

As a groundbreaking innovation in the field of soft robotics, fabric-based pneumatic soft actuators exhibit substantial advantages over traditional rigid mechanical systems in terms of adaptability, safety, and multifunctionality. This paper presents a thorough review of the design principles, classifications, and application advancements of these actuators. By leveraging the intrinsic flexibility and programmability of fabric materials, these actuators achieve complex and precise motion control through the modulation of internal air pressure.

Aerobic Exercise Alleviates Cardiac Dysfunction Correlated with Lipidomics and Mitochondrial Quality Control.

Cardiac adaptations induced by aerobic exercise have been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, and the autonomic nervous system is closely associated with the development of cardiovascular disease. Aerobic exercise intervention has been shown to enhance cardiac function and mitigate myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy in heart failure mice. Further insights reveal that cardiomyocytes experiencing chronic heart failure undergo modifications in their lipidomic profile, including remodeling of multiple myocardial membrane phospholipids.

GbSER02 Interacts With GhVOZ1 to Promote Fiber Elongation by Modulating Gibberellin Synthesis in Cotton.

The elongation period of cotton fiber development is crucial for ensuring cotton quality. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying fiber elongation remain unclear. This study reveals that SER02_A11, which is preferentially expressed during the fiber elongation period, encodes serine protease inhibitors (serpins).

Mutation within the transmembrane domain of oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 influences oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced signal transduction.

ObjectiveTo investigate the important active sites within the NTFs to affect the interaction of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) with its receptor, OLR1.MethodsSimulation analysis online was performed to generate various OLR1 chimeras, truncation mutants, and site-specific mutations. They were transfected in COS-7 cells and subjected to ox-LDL stimulations to observe the different reactions.

AAV9-mediated gene supplementation therapy prevents and rescues arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy in Pnpla2-mutated mice.

Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is an inherited disorder involving ventricular arrhythmias, cardiac dysfunction, and fibrofatty myocardial replacement. Current treatments are largely palliative, with heart transplantation as the only definitive option for advanced ACM. Here, we show that, building upon our previous identification of a patient with a PNPLA2 mutation, we developed a murine model carrying the same mutation, faithfully mimicking key ACM phenotypes such as arrhythmias, lipid accumulation, and fibrosis.

Water Use Enhancement and Root Function Compensatory Regulation of Biomass Accumulation in Quinoa Under Salt Stress by Photosynthetic Drive Advantage.

Water and salt stress significantly impact the accumulation of crop biomass (TB); however, the relative contributions of photosynthetic, physiological, and morphological factors remain poorly understood. This study aims to comprehensively investigate the effects of water and salt stress on crop growth physiology and identify the primary factors influencing biomass accumulation. We examined four quinoa varieties () under four salinity levels (s0: 0 mmol/L, s1: 100 mmol/L, s2: 200 mmol/L, and s3: 300 mmol/L) and two moisture levels (w1: 30% field capacity (FC), w2: 80% FC).

Development of an oral gut-targeted rabies virus-like particles (RVLPs) vaccine with mucosal immune adjuvant LTB via delivering of localized-release microparticles.

Rabies, a fatal zoonotic infectious diseases caused by rabies virus (RABV) infection, still has a high incidence with no effective cure in many Asian countries, even though numerous commercial vaccines have been administered for decades. One of the most important reasons is the neglected that main reservoirs of RABV, such as many stray and wild animals, are inaccessible for effective vaccination, especially in natural wilderness environments. In this study, we developed a highly effective gut-targeted oral rabies vaccine (ORV), which containing the immunoadjuvant LTB by targeted administration of microparticles with local release in the intestine.

Directionally Modulated Zinc Deposition by a Robust Zincophilic Cu-Phthalocyanine Protective Layer in Dendrite-Free Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries.

The directional modulation of zinc (Zn) deposition with further investigation of the dendrite-formation mechanism is vital in artificial anode protective layer for aqueous Zn-ion batteries (AZIBs). Herein, a robust metalated covalent organic framework (CuPc-COF) used as the artificial anode protective layer is proposed, in which the zincophilic sites of π-conjugated periodic skeletons are precisely designed to modulate the directional migration of Zn, the multiple redox-active sites facilitate the Zn confinement and transfer, and the central metal copper (Cu) serves as the inhibitor to eliminate the hydrogen evolution side reactions. By combining theoretical calculations with experiments, the π-conjugated planar CuPc-COF layer is a desired protective coating of AZIB anodes with directionally transport channels and abundant redox active sites, thus inducing two-dimensional deposition of Zn.

Sea buckthorn-derived extracellular vesicles foster bone regeneration through aau-miR168-mediated pathways.

Background: Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (P-EVs) possess remarkable therapeutic potential, yet the regenerative capabilities of sea buckthorn-derived extracellular vesicles (SAEVs) remain underexplored. This study aims to elucidate the osteogenic and bone-healing properties of SAEVs.

Methods: SAEVs were isolated from sea buckthorn juice via differential centrifugation and characterized using electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering.

Advances in Subclinical and Clinical Trials and Immunosuppressive Therapies in Xenotransplantation.

Organ transplantation remains the foremost effective intervention for end-stage organ failure. Nevertheless, the scarcity of donors has resulted in prolonged waiting times for countless patients globally. The advent of xenografts presents a promising solution to the organ shortage crisis.

Effect of tacrolimus plus mycophenolate mofetil in the therapy of children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome.

This study mainly explored the influence of tacrolimus in association with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF, CellCept) in treating steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) children. A total of 124 SRNS children were chosen and separated into observation group and control group. The control group received basic treatment and tacrolimus treatment.

Improving mineral bioaccessibility and balancing physical stability in soymilk through bioprocessing.

Phytic acid (PA) in soy foods acts as an antinutrient through chelate minerals and proteins, yet it may also contribute to system stability. To improve mineral bioaccessibility and balancing physical stability, soymilk with varied PA levels was fabricated by modulating phytase treatment (0-15 U/g). The physical properties, mineral bioaccessibility, and microrheology of soymilk were investigated.

Phenotypic, Physiological, and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal Different Responses to Salt Stress in Cultivated Red Lettuce and Wild Lettuce Seedlings.

Cultivated lettuce ( L.) is considered one of the most important economic vegetables worldwide; however, it is subjected to different stresses (salt stress, etc.) during its growth and development, resulting in yield reductions.