Compact mode-insensitive variable optical attenuation enabled by inverse-designed mode manipulation devices.

The growing demand for data capacity in optical communication has heightened interest in mode-division multiplexing (MDM) technology, which provides high parallelism across spatial mode dimensions. Mode-insensitive variable optical attenuation is essential for advanced optical communication systems, ensuring consistent performance across multiple modes. However, current multimode variable attenuation devices are more complex in design and significantly larger than single-mode devices, limiting their integration potential.

Unveiling Structure-Activity Relationship of Polyoxometallate-Confined Single Atom Electrocatalyst and Polyoxometallate-Modified Multifunctional Separator for Neutral Zn-Air Batteries.

The practical application of neutral Zn-air batteries (ZABs) is severely hindered by sluggish kinetics of oxygen reduction/evolution reaction (ORR/OER) and dendrite growth on the Zn anode. A precisely controlled preparation of Fe single atoms (FSAs) is achieved on a Fe-substituted HPWO∙nHO (abbr. {FePWO}) dotted Co/N doped carbon (Co-N-C), which ensures a well-dispersed, stable, and high loading (3.

Discovery of Diverse Seven-Membered Ring Vibsane Diterpenoids from Utilizing a MassQL-Integrated Strategy and Their Antihepatoma Effect.

Through a MassQL-integrated strategy, 26 vibsane diterpenoids (VibDs) were identified from , including 15 new compounds () and 11 known analogues (). Compound possessed an unprecedented seven-membered ring scaffold, representing a new type of VibD. The hypothetical biosynthetic pathway of was proposed.

Performance Regulation of Sulfonated Poly(ether ether ketone) for Preparing Multi-Adaptive Electrolyte and Battery Separator of Wide-Temperature Flexible Zn-Air Batteries.

Herein, sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) is employed to fabricate both the separator and gel electrolyte for solid zinc-air batteries (ZABs), leveraging its rigid backbone and abundant sulfonic acid groups in side chains of SPEEK. Incorporating glycerol into the separator (making SPEEKG-Zn) enhances its low-temperature performance. In the SPEEKG-Zn separator, the sulfonic acid groups of SPEEKG-Zn facilitate uniform deposition of Zn on Zn anode and suppress OH transfer through interacting with Zn.

Chirality enhancement and topological dynamics of vectorial bound states in the continuum across structural parameter space.

Optical bound states in the continuum (BICs) are widely studied in photonics and metasurfaces for their high-quality () resonances, which underpin applications in sensing, lasing, and nonlinear optics. While much is known about symmetry-protected BICs, which arise from mismatches in profile symmetry with the continuum, Friedrich-Wintgen BICs (FWBICs)-formed by total destructive interference of multiple leaky modes-are inherently less predictable and remain understudied. Topologically, BICs are characterized as polarization singularities in momentum space, and their dynamic evolution (e.

Synthesis of SeCF-Substituted Oxazines and Oxazolines through Electrophilic Trifluoromethylselenolation Cyclization of Propargylic Amides.

The electrophilic trifluoromethylselenolation cyclizations of propargylic amides are disclosed. The transformations undergo the 6--dig and 5--dig cyclizations to synthesize SeCF-substituted oxazines and oxazolines, respectively, which are induced by -trifluoromethylselenophthalimide. This protocol is suitable for late-stage applications of complex natural products and drug molecules.

Dietary habit helps improve people's adaptability to hot climates: a case study of hotpot in Chongqing, China.

Global warming has raised significant concerns about mitigation and adaptation strategies in recent years. This study investigated if consuming spicy food can help improve people's adaptability to hot environment. Onsite measurement and thermal questionnaires were conducted at Chongqing university in summer and winter aged 18 ∼ 30 years old.

Recent advances in the detection of microplastics in the aqueous environment by electrochemical sensors: A review.

Microplastics (MPs), as an emerging contaminant, have become a serious threat to marine ecosystems due to their small size, widespread distribution and easy ingestion by organisms. Therefore, it is necessary to develop various analytical techniques to detect MPs in real water environment. Among these detection techniques, the advantages of electrochemical sensors, such as easy operation, high sensitivity and low cost, provide the possibility of online real-time detection of MPs in real water environment.

A novel conjugated polymer synthesized a noble metal-free catalyst in photothermal therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma mediated by second near-infrared (NIR-II) laser.

Photothermal therapy (PTT) utilizes photothermal materials to convert light energy into heat under external light irradiation, effectively killing cancer cells. Therefore, the efficacy of PTT is largely determined by the photothermal conversion efficiency of the material. In this study, we developed a novel ladder-type conjugated polymer, PPAPA, a phenazine ring fusion reaction.

Demultiplexing-free ultra-compact WDM-compatible multimode optical switch assisted by mode exchanger.

Silicon-based optical switches are integral to on-chip optical interconnects, and mode-division multiplexing (MDM) technology has enabled modes to function as carriers in routing, further boosting optical switches' link capacity. However, traditional multimode optical switches, which typically use Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) structures and mode (de)multiplexers, are complex and occupy significant physical space. In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel demultiplexing-free dual-mode 3 × 3 thermal-optical switch based on micro-rings (MRs) and mode exchangers (MEs).

Microneedles: multifunctional devices for drug delivery, body fluid extraction, and bio-sensing.

Microneedles represent a miniaturized mechanical structure with versatile applications, including transdermal drug delivery, vaccination, body-fluid extraction, and bio-sensing. Over the past two decades, microneedle-based devices have garnered considerable attention in the biomedicine field, exhibiting the potential for mitigating patient discomfort, enhancing treatment adherence, avoiding first-pass effects, and facilitating precise therapeutic interventions. As an application-oriented technology, the innovation of microneedles is generally carried out in response to a specific demand.

Generation of frequency-shift keying (FSK) and amplitude-shift keying (ASK) RF signals by diode-tuned Fourier domain mode-locked opto-electronic oscillator.

An approach to the generation of frequency-shift keying (FSK) and amplitude-shift keying (ASK) RF signals with a diode-tuned Fourier domain mode-locked opto-electronic oscillator (FDML OEO) is proposed and demonstrated. We use a low-cost varactor diode tuned phase shifter to form a high speed tunable bandpass filter (TBF) to implement the FDML-OEO. When a square wave modulation signal is used to drive the TBF, FSK RF signals are generated, with the flexibility to easily change the center frequency and tuning bandwidth of the FSK signals.

Identification of metabolic progression and subtypes in progressive supranuclear palsy by PET molecular imaging.

Introduction: Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative disorder with diverse clinical presentations that are linked to tau pathology. Recently, Subtype and Stage Inference (SuStaIn) algorithm, an innovative data-driven method, has been developed to model both the spatial-temporal progression and subtypes of disease. This study explores PSP progression using F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and the SuStaIn algorithm to identify PSP metabolic progression subtypes and understand disease mechanisms.

An Enzyme-Encapsulated MOF@MOF Nanocomposite for Detecting HO Derived From Superoxide Anion Released by Mitochondria of HeLa Cells.

In this work, a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-encapsulated metal organic framework (MOF)@MOF nanocomposite is developed for detecting HO converted by dismutation of superoxide anions released from live HeLa mitochondria. Initially, an HRP-polyacrylic acid cluster is incorporated on a mesoporous, peroxidase-like Cu/Co-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate (BDC) MOF platform to avoid structural change and deactivation of HRP through its interactions with MOF metal ions. Additionally, a Cu/Co-BDC(HRP)@1,3,5-benzenetricarboxyate (BTC) core-shell MOF/MOF structure, also with peroxide-like properties, serves as a protective matrix for HRP.

PET imaging of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 subtype A for neurological recovery in ischemic stroke.

Purpose: [F]SynVesT-1 is a novel radiopharmaceutical for assessing synaptic density in vivo. This study aims to investigate the potential of [F]SynVesT-1 positron emission tomography (PET) in evaluating neurological recovery in the rat model of ischemic stroke, and to compare its performance with [F]FDG PET.

Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to photothrombotic cerebral infarction, and safinamide was administered intraperitoneally from day 3 to day 14 post-stroke to alleviate neurological deficits.

Spatial-temporal dynamic evolution of lewy body dementia by metabolic PET imaging.

Purpose: Lewy body dementia (LBD) is a neurodegenerative disease with high heterogeneity and complex pathogenesis. Our study aimed to use disease progression modeling to uncover spatial-temporal dynamic evolution of LBD in vivo, and to explore differential profiles of clinical features, glucose metabolism, and dopaminergic function among different evolution-related subtypes.

Methods: A total of 123 participants (31 healthy controls and 92 LBD patients) who underwent F-FDG PET scans were retrospectively enrolled.

The Evolution of Microfluidic-Based Drug-Loading Techniques for Cells and Their Derivatives.

Conventional drug delivery techniques face challenges related to targeting and adverse reactions. Recent years have witnessed significant advancements in nanoparticle-based drug carriers. Nevertheless, concerns persist regarding their safety and insufficient metabolism.

A stepwise multi-stage continuous dielectrophoresis separation microfluidic chip with microfilter structures.

The separation of target microparticles using microfluidic systems owns extensive applications in biomedical, chemical, and materials science fields. Integration of microfluidic sorting systems employing dielectrophoresis (DEP) technology has been widely investigated. However, enhancing separation efficiency, purity, stability, and integration remains a pressing issue.

Ultra-compact and fabrication-tolerant multimode photonic jumpers based on dual Bezier curves.

Compact routing of multimode bus waveguides is of great significance for on-chip mode-division multiplexing (MDM) systems to realize high integration density and flexible layout. In this Letter, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel, to the best of our knowledge, multimode photonic jumper (MPJ) on a standard silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. It enables an ultra-compact connection between two parallel multimode waveguides (MWGs) with an arbitrary displacement.

Cellular senescence imaging and senolysis monitoring in cancer therapy based on a β-galactosidase-activated aggregation-induced emission luminogen.

Cellular senescence is a permanent state of cell cycle arrest characterized by increased activity of senescence associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal). Notably, cancer cells have been also observed to exhibit the senescence response and are being considered for sequential treatment with pro-senescence therapy followed by senolytic therapy. However, there is currently no effective agent targeting β-galactosidase (β-Gal) for imaging cellular senescence and monitoring senolysis in cancer therapy.

The effects of brightness and prominent colors on outdoor thermal perception in Chongqing, China.

Outdoor thermal comfort has become an important factor affecting human mental and physical health due to rapid urbanization. This study aimed to investigate the influence of brightness and prominent colors on thermal perception in hot summer and cold winter regions. Meteorological measurements were conducted accompanied by subjective thermal and visual questionnaires (n = 2020) during summer and winter.

Time and Space Dual-Blockade Strategy for Highly Invasive Nature of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Enhanced Sonodynamic Therapy Based on Fe-MOF Nanoplatforms.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), due to its high malignant degree and strong invasion ability, leads to poor prognosis and easy recurrence, so effectively curbing the invasion of TNBC is the key to obtaining the ideal therapeutic effect. Herein, a therapeutic strategy is developed that curbs high invasions of TNBC by inhibiting cell physiological activity and disrupting tumor cell structural function to achieve the time and space dual-blockade. The time blockade is caused by the breakthrough of the tumor-reducing blockade based on the ferroptosis process and the oxidation-toxic free radicals generated by enhanced sonodynamic therapy (SDT).

Isolation and characterization of seven neovibsane-type diterpenoids from Viburnum odoratissimum and their neuroblastoma cell protective effects.

Seven undescribed neovibsane-type diterpenoids (1-7) were isolated from the leaves of Viburnum odoratissimum. Their planar structures and relative configurations were elucidated based on a combination of 1D and 2D NMR analysis. The absolute configurations were confirmed by Rh(OCOCF)-induced ECD analysis and comparison of experimental and TDDFT-calculated ECD spectrum.