Aerobic Exercise Alleviates Cardiac Dysfunction Correlated with Lipidomics and Mitochondrial Quality Control.

Cardiac adaptations induced by aerobic exercise have been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, and the autonomic nervous system is closely associated with the development of cardiovascular disease. Aerobic exercise intervention has been shown to enhance cardiac function and mitigate myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy in heart failure mice. Further insights reveal that cardiomyocytes experiencing chronic heart failure undergo modifications in their lipidomic profile, including remodeling of multiple myocardial membrane phospholipids.

Molecular Mechanism of Aerobic Exercise Ameliorating Myocardial Mitochondrial Injury in Mice with Heart Failure.

To explore the molecular mechanism of aerobic exercise to improve heart failure and to provide a theoretical basis and experimental reference for the treatment of heart failure. Nine-week-old male mice were used to establish a left ventricular pressure overload-induced heart failure model by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). The mice were randomly divided into four groups: a sham group (SHAM), heart failure group (HF), heart failure + SKQ1 group (HS) and heart failure + aerobic exercise group (HE).

A Cedrane and a Fusarin From the Algicolous Fungus Fusarium graminearum 12II2N and Response to Mycoparasitism.

The fungal genus Fusarium is a treasure-trove of structurally diverse secondary metabolites, contributed greatly by marine-derived strains. A new cedrane sesquiterpene, fusacedrol (1), and a new fusarin member, fusarin M (2), were isolated from Fusarium graminearum 12II2N that was isolated as an endophyte from the marine brown alga Sargassum sp. The planar structures of compounds 1 and 2 were incisively identified by analysis of spectroscopic data, inclusive of NMR and MS, and the relative configurations were ensured by NOESY correlations and a coupling constant.

The causes of pulmonary hypertension and the benefits of aerobic exercise for pulmonary hypertension from an integrated perspective.

Pulmonary hypertension is a progressive disease of the pulmonary arteries that begins with increased pulmonary artery pressure, driven by progressive remodeling of the small pulmonary arteries, and ultimately leads to right heart failure and death. Vascular remodeling is the main pathological feature of pulmonary hypertension, but treatments for pulmonary hypertension are lacking. Determining the process of vascular proliferation and dysfunction may be a way to decipher the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension.

Penicianstinoids F-K, six undescribed meroterpenoids from the marine algicolous fungus Penicillium sp. RR-DL-1-7.

Six previously undescribed meroterpenoids, penicianstinoids F-K (1-6), together with four known analogues, dehydroaustinol (7), dehydroaustin (8), penicianstinoid A (9), and furanoaustinol (10), were isolated from the cultures of the algicolous fungus Penicillium sp. RR-DL-1-7, derived from the red alga Rhodomela confervoides. Their structures and relative configuration were established by detailed spectroscopic analysis of NMR and HR-MS experiments, and the absolute configurations were assigned by X-ray diffraction and ECD spectral analysis.

Chemistry and biology of marine-derived Trichoderma metabolites.

Marine-derived fungi of the genus Trichoderma have been surveyed for pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals since 1993, with various new secondary metabolites being characterized from the strains of marine animal, plant, sediment, and water origin. Chemical structures and biological activities of these metabolites are comprehensively reviewed herein up to the end of 2022 (covering 30 years). More than 70 strains that belong to at least 18 known Trichoderma species have been chemically investigated during this period.

Lipids and Terpenoids from the Deep-Sea Fungus R22 and Their Antagonism against Two Wheat Pathogens.

Five new lipids, tricholixins A-E (-), and two known terpenoids, brasilane A () and harzianone A (), were discovered from a deep-sea strain (R22) of the fungus isolated from the cold seep sediments of the South China Sea. Their structures and relative configurations were identified by meticulous analysis of MS and IR as well as NMR data. The absolute configuration of was ascertained by dimolybdenum-induced ECD data in particular.

A New Harziane Diterpene, Harziaketal A, and a New Sterol, Trichosterol A, from the Marine-Alga-Epiphytic Trichoderma sp. Z43.

One new diterpene, harziaketal A (1), and one new highly degraded sterol, trichosterol A (2), along with three known compounds, including one diterpene, harzianone (3), and two steroids, (22E,24R)-5α,6α-epoxy-ergosta-8(14),22-dien-3β,7α-diol (4) and isoergokonin B (5), were isolated from the culture of the marine-alga-epiphytic fungus Trichoderma sp. Z43 by silica gel column chromatography (CC), Sephadex LH-20 CC, and preparative thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Their structures and relative configurations were assigned by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high resolution electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) data, and the absolute configuration of 1 was established by X-ray diffraction.

Exercise Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Regulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Mitophagy Through M Acetylcholine Receptor.

Adaptive changes in the heart by exercise have been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, and M Acetylcholine receptor (MAChR), a receptor abundantly present on cardiac parasympathetic nerves, is closely associated with the development of cardiovascular disease. The present study intends to investigate whether exercise can regulate endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and mitophagy through MAChR to resist myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and to elucidate its mechanism of action. Exercise enhanced parasympathetic nerve function and increased myocardial MAChR protein expression in I/R rats.

Four dodecanoic acid derivatives from the cold-seep-derived fungus 8-1.

Two new compounds, cladospolides I () and J (), together with two new naturally occurring ones, methyl 11-hydroxy-4-oxododecanoate () and 11-hydroxy-4-oxododecanoic acid (), were isolated from the culture extract of the cold-seep sediment-derived fungus 8-1. Their structures and configurations were established by analysis of 1D/2D NMR, MS, ECD, and specific optical rotation data. Compound was possibly formed by methyl esterification of during the purification process due to the utilization of methanol.

Myrochromanol analogues and trichothecene derivatives from the shellfish-derived fungus Albifimbriaverrucaria.

Eight myrochromanol analogues, including three pairs of epimers at C-2 with the myrochromanol scaffold and two examples of myrochromanol with sugar moiety linked at C-4, together with twelve trichothecene derivatives were isolated from the cultures of a shellfish-derived fungus Albifimbria verrucaria CD1-4. Among them, eight compounds named 2-epi-myrochromanol, ent-myrochromanol B, 4-epi-myrochromanol B, 2-epi-myrochromanol A, myrochromanosides A and B, 6',7'-erythro-(2'E,4'Z)-trichoverrol B, 3R,8S-dihyroxyroridin H were previously undescribed fungal metabolites. Their planar structures and relative configurations were established by 1D and 2D NMR, and HR-MS data analysis, and their absolute configurations were determined using the modified Mosher's method and electronic circular dichrosim calculations.

Mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease: Towards exercise regulation of mitochondrial function.

The morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases are exceedingly high worldwide. Pathological heart remodeling, which is developed as a result of mitochondrial dysfunction, could ultimately drive heart failure. More recent research target exercise modulation of mitochondrial dysfunction to improve heart failure.

Antimicrobial Terpenoids and Polyketides from the Algicolous Fungus RR-dl-2-13.

Four new carotane sesquiterpenoids, byssocarotins A-D (-), two new nor-sesquiterpenoids, byssofarnesin () and byssosesquicarin (), and three new polyketides, byssoketides A and B ( and ) and (8)-paecilocin A (), were obtained from a macroalga-associated strain (RR-dl-2-13) of the fungus . These isolates were identified by a combination of spectroscopic methods, including mass spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, electronic circular dichroism, and X-ray diffraction. Compounds - greatly contribute to the diversity of rarely occurring 2,15-epoxycarotane sesquiterpenoids, while and are degradation products of farnesane and sesquicarane precursors, respectively.

The Molecular Mechanism of Aerobic Exercise Improving Vascular Remodeling in Hypertension.

The treatment and prevention of hypertension has been a worldwide medical challenge. The key pathological hallmark of hypertension is altered arterial vascular structure and function, i.e.

Cyclopentenone and wickerol derivatives from the marine algicolous fungus A-YMD-9-4.

A new cyclopentenone derivative, 4-hydroxyhypocrenone A, and a new naturally-occurring wickerol derivative, 8-acetoxywickerol A, as well as two known compounds, hypocrenone A and wickerol B, were purified from A-YMD-9-4, an endophytic fungus isolated from the marine red alga . The structures and relative configurations of two new isolates were established by a combination of 1 D/2D NMR, IR, and mass spectroscopic methods, and the absolute configuration of was assigned on the basis of ECD data analyzed by quantum chemical calculations. Compounds and exhibited weak inhibition of one or two marine phytoplankton species.

Bisabolane, cadinane, and cyclonerane sesquiterpenes from an algicolous strain of Trichoderma asperelloides.

Ten new bisabolane derivatives, trichobisabolins Q-Z (1-10), one new cadinane derivative, cadin-4-en-11-ol (11), and three new cyclonerane derivatives, cycloner-3-en-7,11-diol (12), isoepicyclonerodiol oxide (13), and norepicyclonerodiol oxide (14), were isolated from the endophytic fungal strain RR-dl-6-11 of Trichoderma asperelloides that was obtained from a marine alga. Their structures along with relative configurations were established mainly by NMR and IR as well as MS techniques, and the absolute configurations of 10 and 11 were assigned by ECD and X-ray diffraction data, respectively. Sesquiterpenes from the fungus T.

Sesquiterpenoids and a steroid from the algicolous Trichoderma brevicompactum.

Six new sesquiterpenoids including three bisabolane derivatives, trichobisabolins O, O, and P (1-3), two nerolidol derivatives, trichonerolins A and B (4 and 5), one acorane, trichoacorin A (6), along with one new steroid, isoergokonin B (7), were isolated from the culture of Trichoderma brevicompactum A-DL-9-2 obtained from the inner tissue of the red alga Chondria tenuissima. Their structures and relative configurations were assigned by interpretation of 1D/2D NMR and MS data. As acyclic sesquiterpenoids, compounds 4 and 5 were discovered from Trichoderma for the first time.

Proharziane and Harziane Derivatives from the Marine Algicolous Fungus RR-dl-6-11.

One new proharziane and three new harziane derivatives (-) together with six known ones (-) were isolated from the marine-alga-derived ascomycete RR-dl-6-11. Their structures and relative configurations were determined via spectroscopic techniques, and the absolute configurations were ascertained by analysis of ECD curves. This is the first report on the secondary metabolites of , and the new isolates (-), especially -harziane , greatly add to the structural diversity of harziane diterpenes as well as their precursors and catabolites.

Isolation and Characterization of Antibacterial Carotane Sesquiterpenes from Associated Endophytic QA-8.

Carotane sesquiterpenes are commonly found in plants but are infrequently reported in the fungal kingdom. Chemical investigation of QA-8, an endophytic fungus associated with the inner root tissue of the grown medicinal herb H. Lév.

Cadinane and carotane derivatives from the marine algicolous fungus Trichoderma virens RR-dl-6-8.

Eight cadinane derivatives, trichocadinins H - N (1-7) and methylhydroheptelidate (8), and two carotane derivatives, 14-O-methyltrichocarotin G (9) and 14-O-methyl CAF-603 (10), including eight new ones (1-6, 9, and 10), were isolated from the culture of Trichoderma virens RR-dl-6-8 obtained from the organohalogen-enriched marine red alga Rhodomela confervoides. Their structures and relative configurations were established by analysis of NMR and mass spectroscopic data, and the absolute configurations were assigned on the basis of ECD curves, highlighted by the ECD diversity of carboxylic acid derivatives. Among the isolates, 1 with a halogen atom and 8, a new naturally occurring compound, are 2,3-seco-cadinane sesquiterpenes, and the epimeric 2 and 3 feature a 2-nor-cadinane skeleton.

Cyclonerane sesquiterpenes and an isocoumarin derivative from the marine-alga-endophytic fungus Trichoderma citrinoviride A-WH-20-3.

Two new cyclonerane sesquiterpenes, (10E)-isocyclonerotriol (1) and (10Z)-isocyclonerotriol (2), and one new isocoumarin derivative, trichophenol A (3), were isolated from Trichoderma citrinoviride A-WH-20-3, an endophyte from the marine red alga Laurencia okamurai. Their structures and relative configurations were assigned by spectroscopic techniques, highlighted by using Sarotti's DP4+ sheet to confirm the cyclopentane ring. The absolute configuration of 1 was established by comparison of experimental and calculated specific rotation data.

Deoxytrichodermaerin, a harziane lactone from the marine algicolous fungus A-WH-20-2.

Three metabolites deoxytrichodermaerin (a new harziane lactone), harzianol A and harzianone were obtained from A-WH-20-2, an endophyte from marine red alga . Their structures and relative configurations were unequivocally assigned by spectroscopic techniques, and the absolute configuration of deoxytrichodermaerin was established by analysis of the ECD curve aided by quantum chemical calculations. Deoxytrichodermaerin represents the second harziane lactone with an ester linkage between C-10 and C-11.

Seven chromanoid norbisabolane derivatives from the marine-alga-endophytic fungus Trichoderma asperellum A-YMD-9-2.

An examination of the endophytic fungus Trichoderma asperellum A-YMD-9-2 obtained from the marine red alga Gracilaria verrucosa led to the isolation of seven new chromanoid norbisabolane derivatives, trichobisabolins I-L (1-4) and trichaspsides C-E (5-7). Their structures and relative configurations were established on the basis of spectroscopic techniques, mainly including 1D/2D NMR and MS, and the absolute configuration of 1 was assigned by X-ray crystallographic analysis using Cu Kα radiation. All of these isolates feature a 1,9-epoxy ring system, and 5-7 represent the second occurrence of norbisabolane aminoglycosides.