A Detection Approach for Wheat Spike Recognition and Counting Based on UAV Images and Improved Faster R-CNN.

This study presents an innovative unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based intelligent detection method utilizing an improved Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (Faster R-CNN) architecture to address the inefficiency and inaccuracy inherent in manual wheat spike counting. We systematically collected a high-resolution image dataset (2000 images, 4096 × 3072 pixels) covering key growth stages (heading, grain filling, and maturity) of winter wheat ( L.) during 2022-2023 using a DJI M300 RTK equipped with multispectral sensors.

Natural organic matter-enhanced atmospheric Hg(0) uptake involves thiol-induced unusual electron transfer from Hg to carboxyl moiety.

Natural organic matter (NOM)-mediated non-photochemical oxidation of elemental mercury (Hg(0)), as an important process controlling Hg cycle, is still not well understood, particularly with respect to its electron transfer and environmental significance relevant to Hg(0) uptake by seawater. Here, we studied the uptake of atmospheric Hg(0) and its subsequent aqueous non-photochemical oxidation in seawater in the presence of NOM, by using extracellular polymeric substances and thiol compounds as NOM models. We observed NOM enhanced Hg(0) partition into seawater and its aqueous oxidation.

Sensitive detection of multiplex bacteria based on finger driven microfluidics and recombinase aided amplification.

Foodborne pathogens, such as Salmonella typhimurium, E. coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes, have seriously threatened human health. To address the issues of traditional bacterial detection methods, such as long time, low sensitivity and complex operation, a versatile finger driven microfluidic chip was elaboratively developed and combined with recombinase aided amplification for fast, sensitive and simple detection of multiplex bacteria.

Chemical structures of dissolved organic matter control mercury isotopic fractionation during methylmercury photodegradation.

Methylmercury (MeHg) photodegradation can induce mass-dependent (MDF) and mass-independent fractionation (MIF) of mercury (Hg) isotopes, providing useful information for fingerprinting the transformation and transport of Hg species. However, Hg isotopic fractionation during dissolved organic matter (DOM)-mediated MeHg photodegradation remains poorly understood, constraining environmental application of this isotopic tracer. In this study, several low-molecular-weight aromatic thiols were selected to investigate the influence of DOM chemical structures on Hg isotope fractionation during MeHg photodegradation.

Spatio-temporal characteristics and multivariate recurrence period of agricultural drought in Northwestern China.

Agricultural drought poses significant challenges to food production and ecosystem sustainability. The evolution of drought and its recurrence period feature are important for drought mitigation and risk management. This study aims to evaluate agricultural drought using the Standardized Soil Moisture Index (SSMI) based on Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) products, and extract drought variables using a three-dimensional identification method in Northwestern China.

Dual-functionalized defective metal-organic frameworks for fast and sensitive biosensing of Salmonella.

Accurate screening of pathogenic bacteria is effective to prevent foodborne diseases. In this study, a handheld biosensor was newly developed for sensitive detection of Salmonella inside a pipette tip using immune nickel meshes (INMs) for bacterial enrichment and fluorescent defective metal-organic frameworks with boronic acid (MOFs@B(OH)) for bacterial labeling. First, three INMs were respectively assembled in a 3D-printed conic separator inside a tip.

GbSER02 Interacts With GhVOZ1 to Promote Fiber Elongation by Modulating Gibberellin Synthesis in Cotton.

The elongation period of cotton fiber development is crucial for ensuring cotton quality. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying fiber elongation remain unclear. This study reveals that SER02_A11, which is preferentially expressed during the fiber elongation period, encodes serine protease inhibitors (serpins).

Enhancing the optical and thermal performance of Ce:YAG phosphors through multi-component co-doping.

High-power phosphor-converted laser lighting and laser display have gained significant attention due to their superior energy efficiency and long lifespan. However, the elevated operating temperatures under high-power excitation induce severe thermal quenching of phosphor materials, compromising the thermal stability and emission performance. To address this issue, we proposed a multi-component co-doping strategy by incorporating Ba/Si and Sr/Si into Ce: YAG phosphor ceramics.

Polysaccharide biosynthetic pathway profiling and homologous expression of the phosphomannomutase gene in Sanghuangporus sanghuang based on multi-omics analysis.

Sanghuangprous sanghuang is a valuable medicinal macrofungus with abundant active metabolites. Improvement of macrofungal strains to increase the production of metabolites, especially polysaccharides, has become a research priority. In this study, we sequenced the whole genome and transcriptome of S.

DCSLK: Combined large kernel shared convolutional model with dynamic channel Sampling.

This study centers around the competition between Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with large convolutional kernels and Vision Transformers in the domain of computer vision, delving deeply into the issues pertaining to parameters and computational complexity that stem from the utilization of large convolutional kernels. Even though the size of the convolutional kernels has been extended up to 51×51, the enhancement of performance has hit a plateau, and moreover, striped convolution incurs a performance degradation. Enlightened by the hierarchical visual processing mechanism inherent in humans, this research innovatively incorporates a shared parameter mechanism for large convolutional kernels.

Particulate mercury (Hg) dominates the microbially available Hg pool over dissolved Hg during the decay of marine diatom Chaetoceros debilis.

Phytoplankton concentrate mercury (Hg) from surface water, significantly impacting microbial production and trophic transfer of the neurotoxin methylmercury (MeHg). However, the fate and microbial availability of phytoplankton-associated Hg are poorly understood. This study investigated variations of Hg species and their microbial availability during 42 days' decay experiments using the common marine diatom Chaetoceros debilis.

Biomarker advancements in cerebral small vessel disease: An overview.

Cerebral small vessel disease is a condition caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion due to microvascular damage and is a major contributor to stroke and dementia. Traditionally, its diagnosis has relied primarily on neuroimaging findings. However, recent advances in the understanding of cerebral small vessel disease pathophysiology have opened new avenues for early detection and targeted therapeutic interventions.

Effects of Water-Nitrogen Coupling on Root Distribution and Yield of Summer Maize at Different Growth Stages.

This research investigates the influence of water-nitrogen coupling on soil water content, nitrogen dynamics, and root distribution in farmland, along with the interactions among soil water, nitrogen transport, root distribution, and crop yield. A field experiment was conducted under moderate drought stress (50-60% of field capacity) and three nitrogen application rates (100, 200, and 300 kg·ha, split-applied at 50% during sowing and 50% at the jointing stage, labeled as N, N, and N) at the two critical growth stages (jointing stage P and tasseling-silking stage P) of maize (). The results demonstrated that maize root morphological parameters exhibited the trend N > N > N under different nitrogen treatments.

A Colorimetric Biosensor Integrating Rotifer-Mimicking Magnetic Separation with RAA/CRISPR-Cas12a for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of .

Efficient detection of foodborne bacteria is crucial for ensuring food safety, yet current methods often fall short in balancing speed, accuracy, sensitivity, and cost. This study presents an integrated biosensing platform for the rapid and sensitive detection of in large-volume food samples. The platform incorporates a Rotifer-Mimicking Magnetic Separator (RMMS) that enhances the sample pretreatment by effectively mixing and isolating the bacteria from the sample.

Acoustofluidics-Based Intracellular Nanoparticle Delivery.

Controlled intracellular delivery of biomolecular cargo is critical for developing targeted therapeutics and cell reprogramming. Conventional delivery approaches (e.g.

Determination of the spatiotemporal evolution patterns and obstacle factors of coupling coordination of the water-energy-food-ecology system in Ordos City, China.

Water, energy, food, and ecology are essential for human survival and development and serve as crucial drivers of regional economic progress. To assess the coordinated and sustainable development of the water-energy-food-ecology (WEFE) system in Ordos city, a tailored evaluation index system reflecting the unique characteristics of this city was established. By applying a coupling coordination degree model, we examined the spatiotemporal dynamics of coordination within the WEFE system from 2012 to 2022.

Resveratrol-A Herbal Immunomodulator, Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis by Regulating the Foxo1-Foxp3 Pathway.

Resveratrol (RES), extracted from traditional Chinese medicinal plants, demonstrates notable potential in managing autoimmune diseases by modulating multiple pathways and targeting various immune cell subsets with minimal adverse effects. Current treatments for a novel form of myasthenia gravis (MG) face challenges such as inconsistent efficacy and numerous side effects. The exact mechanisms by which RES affects MG progression remain unclear.

Chitosan-assisted dilute acid pretreatment with enhanced prehydrolysate fermentability and enzyme digestibility of pretreated substrates.

Primary challenges in enhancing the dilute acid pretreatment of biomass include improving enzyme digestibility of pretreated substrates and efficiently utilizing sugars in the prehydrolysate. This study provides novel evidence indicating that incorporating chitosan as an in situ modifier in the dilute acid pretreatment of poplar notably enhances the fermentability of initially unfermentable prehydrolysate and increases the enzymatic hydrolysis yield of pretreated substrates by 26.83 %.

A highly stable monomeric red fluorescent protein for advanced microscopy.

The stability of fluorescent proteins (FPs) is crucial for imaging techniques such as live-cell imaging, super-resolution microscopy and correlative light and electron microscopy. Although stable green and yellow FPs are available, stable monomeric red FPs (RFPs) remain limited. Here we develop an extremely stable monomeric RFP named mScarlet3-H and determine its structure at a 1.

Enhanced photocatalytic H generation and Cr(VI) reduction by a sheet-on-sheet Cd(OH)/CdS nanocomposite.

The advancement of efficient photocatalysts is essential for tackling global energy and environmental issues. In this work, a unique sheet-on-sheet Cd(OH)/CdS photocatalyst was synthesized a facile solution strategy, demonstrating significantly improved photocatalytic performance for H generation and Cr(VI) reduction. The optimal 5% Cd(OH)/CdS obtained an impressive H production rate of 3475 μmol g h under visible light, marking a 6.

A Smart Single-Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Facilitates Flexible SNP Probe Design for On-Site Rapid Differentiation of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variants.

Rapid on-site typing methods for SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern are crucial for its effective surveillance and control. Herein, a smart single-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (ssLAMP) method with the absence of an inner primer but the addition of a swarm primer for differentiation of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants is developed. This unique primer design strategy offers greater flexibility in introducing single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) identification probes and enables multiple detection assays for SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants including BA.

High-temperature biaxial testing machines in aerospace.

High-temperature biaxial testing machines play an important role in the aerospace sector, being able to simulate complex mechanical and thermal environments similar to those encountered by airplanes in all phases of flight. This paper begins with an overview of the principles and development of high-temperature biaxial testing machines and then discusses their test methods as well as the testing machine's measurement system. In addition, this paper emphasizes the importance of high-temperature biaxial testing in evaluating critical aerospace components, thereby underscoring its indispensable significance in improving the reliability and safety of aircraft.

Organic matter content, source, and composition varying with seasons and anthropogenic activities regulate methylmercury dynamics in the Yellow River.

Organic matter (OM) in rivers, influenced by natural and anthropogenic events, plays a critical role in regulating methylmercury (MeHg) dynamics. This study investigated the spatial-temporal patterns of MeHg and OM in the Yellow River, through collecting water and sediment samples within the dry and wet seasons and human-induced water-sediment regulation scheme (WSRS) event. During the wet season, the river water was characterized by terrigenous OM, high unfiltered MeHg (UMeHg) concentration (206 ± 83.

Retrospective Analysis of the Impact of a Collaborative Multidisciplinary Care Model on the Efficiency of Emergency Care and Neurological Function and Prognosis of Comatose Patients With Emergency Cerebral Hemorrhage.

Background And Aims: Cerebral hemorrhage is often accompanied by severe neurological function damage. The collaborative multidisciplinary care means multidisciplinary medical personnel work together. This study investigated the effects of a collaborative multidisciplinary care model on the prognosis of comatose patients with cerebral hemorrhage in emergency medicine.